The main goal of a doctor’s professional activity is... Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Russian State Medical University The main goal of a doctor’s professional activity is

3) A set of moral norms that determine a person’s attitude towards his professional duty.

2. The main goal of a doctor’s professional activity is:

1) saving and preserving human life

The “Informed Consent” section is contained in the document:

a) Declaration of Policy on Patient Rights in Europe

CONTINUE WITH THE STATEMENT: “PROFESSIONAL HONOR AND DIGNITY ON THE PART OF THE DOCTOR...

acts as a component of his moral character;

emphasizes the humanity of the medical profession;

helps strengthen the “doctor-patient” system;

MEDICAL MISTAKES ARE BASED ON:

objective external conditions of the doctor’s work, environment and conditions;

insufficient training and experience of the doctor;

imperfection of patient examination methods;

3 GROUPS OF JATROPATHOGENIES:

iatropsychogeny;

iatrophysiogeny;

iatropharmacogeny;

ACCORDING TO THE CODE OF ETHICS OF THE RUSSIAN DOCTOR, THE DOCTOR HAS THE RIGHT:

3) refuse to work with the patient

A DOCTOR CANNOT REFUSE TO WORK WITH A PATIENT BY TRANSFERING HIM TO ANOTHER SPECIALIST IN THE FOLLOWING CASES:

3) for personal reasons

DISCLOSURE OF SECRETS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE THE CASES OF PROVIDING OR TRANSFERING MEDICAL INFORMATION:

2) without a court decision

ETHICS COMMITTEES MAY INCLUDE:

1) the team of the medical institution

5) priests, public figures

IATROGENIC DISEASES ARE:

2) psychogenic disorders arising as a result of deontological errors of medical workers

Unintentional harm that the actions of a doctor or other medical professional may cause to a patient:

may be a consequence of reluctance to think about possible negative consequences for the patient or be a consequence of uncontrollable external circumstances.

The nurse should:

be constantly ready to provide competent assistance to patients regardless of gender, age, nature of the disease

Nurse's Composure

needed in all cases of working life, in communicating with doctors, colleagues, nurses, when talking with patients and relatives.

Choose the appropriate definitions.

iatropsychogeny is B

iatropharmacogeny is A

Iatrophysiogeny is B

a) disorders associated with the negative consequences of drug therapy

b) diseases caused by the physical effects of medical interventions

c) disorders caused by the impact on the patient’s psyche

Can social status be a criterion (basis) for making decisions regarding any medical and biological manipulations (organ retrieval or transplantation, cloning, euthanasia, genetic engineering manipulations, etc.)?

Informed consent of the patient is an indispensable condition for any medical intervention. This rule is needed to:

A) ensure respectful treatment of the patient as an autonomous individual who has the right to make his own choice,

B) minimize the possibility of moral or physical harm that may be caused to the patient,

D) create conditions conducive to the formation of spiritual trust between the doctor and the patient.

Select 3 basic ethical rules for the relationship between medical professionals and patients:

A) the rule of truthfulness,

B) the rule of informed consent,

D) confidentiality rule.

In the Charter of Medical Professionals of the European Federation of Physicians, the American Society of Physicians and the American Board of Physicians (ABIM), the following is considered mandatory for every doctor:

A) commitment to honest communication with patients,

INSERT MISSING WORD:

When graduates of the Berlin Medical School in the 18th century. took an oath, they said the following: “I will treat my ... politely and friendly, as required by the greatness of my profession, and I will be ready, without thinking about personal gain, to cooperate with them in the treatment of the patient.”

colleagues

NAME THE FACTORS THAT ARE THE CAUSES OF STRESS IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A DOCTOR:

all options are correct

“THE DOCTOR’S DAILY PRAYER” CREATED BY: M. Maimonides

AT THE 2ND ALL-UNION CONFERENCE ON PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL DEONTOLOGY G.Ya. YUZEFOVICH PROPOSED TO DIVIDE IATROPATHOGENIES INTO:

THE LIST OF “NINE RULES THAT FOLLOW WHICH ALLOWS YOU TO INFLUENCE PEOPLE WITHOUT OFFENSING THEM AND WITHOUT CAUSED A FEELING OF RESULT IN THEM” DOES NOT INCLUDE THE RULE:

Maintain the topic of conversation chosen by the interlocutor.

In addition to medical ethics, the relationships of medical workers are regulated by:

legislative acts;

job descriptions;

administrative documents of healthcare authorities;

The causes of medical errors are:

imperfect research methods;

insufficient knowledge;

lack of conditions for assistance.

FUNCTIONS OF MORALITY:

Regulatory;

Cognitive;

IN THE TOTALITY OF WHICH STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS MORALITY OPERATES:

moral activity;

moral relations;

CUSTOMS DIFFER FROM MORAL STANDARDS:

customs presuppose unquestioning and literal submission to his demands;

customs are different for different peoples, eras, social groups;

LEGAL STANDARDS DIFFER FROM MORAL STANDARDS IN A NUMBER OF CHARACTERISTICS:

legal norms are binding;

legal norms are documented in laws and constitutions;

RELATE THE CONCEPTS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS:

A) Moral choice spiritually

D) Action

D) Behavior

1) action performed by the subject

2) internal, subjective, conscious motivation

3) the most general concept of moral consciousness, a category of ethics that characterizes positive moral values.

4) the totality of actions performed by the subject

5) the practical situation of personal self-determination in relation to principles, decisions and actions.

CORRECT ANSWER: A5 B3 C2 D1 D4

RELATE THE CONCEPTS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS:

D) Conscience

1) a set of generally binding rules of behavior (norms) established or sanctioned by the state, compliance with which is ensured by measures of state influence

2) philosophical discipline that studies the phenomena of morality and ethics

3) the power of a person’s influence on others, based on moral virtues

4) an element of a legal norm that establishes the adverse consequences of non-compliance with the requirements provided for by this norm.

5) internal control, self-assessment of one’s own intention or action in terms of its compliance with moral standards

CORRECT ANSWER: a1, B4, c3, D5, D2

WHO WAS CALLED “KNIGHT OF MEDICAL ETHICS”?

Manassein V.A.

WHO BELONGS THE PHRASE: “THE BEST DOCTOR IS THE ONE WHO CAN INSPIRE HOPE IN THE SICK: IN MANY CASES THIS IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEDICINE”

Botkin S.P.

RELATE:

a) Hippocratic model

1) The main question: “How to achieve the patient’s social trust?”

2) The following documents were written in the mode of this model: “Oath”, “About the Doctor”, “About Art”

COMPLIANCE QUESTION

1Prudence

2 Balance

3Modesty

5Indignation

1 the mean between licentiousness and insensitivity to pleasure

2 the middle between anger and non-anger

3 the middle between shamelessness and modesty

4between extravagance and pettiness

5 middle ground between envy and gloating.

ACCORDING TO CONFUCIUS ETHICAL VIEWS, REASONABILITY IS...

2 virtue 1 part from the rational parts of the soul; aimed at lower objects and associated with what is useful for a person

ON WHOM WERE EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONS WITH SYPHILIS AND GONORHOA CARRIED OUT?

healthy people

paralytics

WHICH ORGANIZATIONS ARE CONSIDERING BIOETHICS ISSUES

THE STATEMENT “IN PARACELSUS WE SEE NOT ONLY THE FOODTHER IN THE FIELD OF CREATION OF CHEMICAL MEDICINES, BUT ALSO IN THE FIELD OF EMPIRE MENTAL TREATMENT” BELONGS:

4. K. G. Jung

IN PERCIVAL'S OPINION, A DOCTOR SHOULD BEHAVIOR:

1. delicately

2. balanced

TREATED TOLSTOY AND HIS FAMILY:

1. G.A. Zakharyin

FOUNDER OF MODERN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE:

4. K. Bernard

PRINCIPLES OF BIOETICS:

1. principle of justice

3. the principle of “do good”

4. “do no harm” principle

5. principle of respect for patient autonomy

PROFESSIONAL MORALITY IS...

Codes of conduct that prescribe a certain type of moral relationships between people that are considered optimal from the perspective. performing their professional activities

Social and philosophical interpretation of the culture of humanistic purpose of this profession

WHEN CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS ON PRISONERS, MILITARY SERVANTS, ETC. A COMPLEX PROBLEM ARISES DUE TO THE FACT THAT IN SUCH CASES:

it is difficult to guarantee the true voluntariness of consent

THE CONVENTION OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE IS A DOCUMENT

ethical

guarantee, supervising

THE CONFIDENTIALITY PRINCIPLE IS

A condition for protecting the patient's social status

confirmation and protection of privacy

expression of patients' trust in medical staff

WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE CALLED WHEN THE PATIENT SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE NATURE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED MEDICAL INTERVENTION, THE EXISTING RISK ASSOCIATED WITH IT, POSSIBLE TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES:

personal autonomy

IN WHAT YEAR WAS THE BIOETHICS COURSE INTRODUCED TO THE STATE STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL EDUCATION?

WHOSE QUOTE IS THIS - “WHATEVER I SEE OR HEAR ABOUT HUMAN LIFE DURING TREATMENT, I WILL KEEP SILENT ABOUT IT, CONSIDERING SUCH THINGS AS A SECRET”?

Hippocrates

1.What types of morality are there?

Professional

Family

Give the term an appropriate definition?

Bioethics

Deontology

A. a section of ethics that deals with the problems of duty and what is due.

B. is a system of norms of moral behavior of a person or group of people.

B. the field of interdisciplinary research aimed at understanding, discussing and resolving moral problems generated by the latest achievements of biomedical science and health care practice.

G. in an objective sense, a system of generally binding, formally defined norms established and enforced by the power of the state and aimed at regulating the behavior of people and their groups in accordance with the foundations of socio-economic, political and spiritual life accepted in a given society

D. morality, a special form of social consciousness and type of social relations.

1-B 2-A 3-B 4-D 5-G

WHAT YEAR WAS THE GENEVA DECLARATION ADOPTED?

WHICH DOCUMENT COVERS HUMAN RIGHTS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION MORE COMPLETELY?

4) Helsinki decoration

"DOCTOR'S CODE OF ETHICS" IS BASED ON WORK

Percival

PROVISIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BIOETICS:

The principle of respect for patient autonomy

The principle of "do good"

Principle of justice

MATCH THE NAMES OF THE DOCUMENTS WITH THE DATE OF THEIR ADOPTION

Oath of a Russian doctor a) 1982

“Declaration of Helsinki b) November 1994

"Physician's Code of Ethics" c) 1847

"Principles of Medical Ethics d) 1964

1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a

ELEMENTS OF THE PRINCIPLE OF INFORMED CONSENT

Threshold elements

Information elements

Elements of Consent

YEAR OF ADOPTION OF THE “DECLARATION ON POLICY IN THE FIELD OF ENSURING PATIENTS’ RIGHTS IN EUROPE”

WHAT FAMOUS RUSSIAN DOCTOR PROMOTED HIPPOCRATES EVEN BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF TRANSLATIONS OF HIS WORKS IN RUSSIA? 1. M.Ya.Mudrov;

MERIT OF F.P. GAAZA WHO GLORIFIED HIM 1. protected the special rights of prisoners to protection, protection of their health and medical care; 3.designed lightweight shackles; 4. treated all patients, regardless of their social status, showing courage during the cholera epidemic;

RELATE THE DOCTOR AND THE IDEAS BELONGING TO HIM: 1. Hippocrates – A. Do no harm to the patient.

2. Paracelsus - B. Do good to the sick, bring benefit.

3. Percival - V. Recognition of the doctor’s obligations not only to patients, but also to other doctors, and to society as a whole

THE DECLARATION OF HELSINKI, ADOPTED BY THE 18TH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY IN 1964 AND REVISED BY THE 29TH ASSEMBLY, SAYS: 1. Biomedical research involving human subjects should be in accordance with generally accepted scientific principles.

3. Subjects must be volunteers - both healthy and sick.

5. A patient’s refusal to participate in an experiment should never affect his relationship with the doctor.

Source: StudFiles.net

TESTS

A. natural science

B. humanitarian

C. art history

D. interdisciplinary

E. engineering

A. economic

C. moral

D. territorial

C. respect from colleagues

D. material benefit

E. learning new things

B. research methods

A. regulatory

B. defining

C. informative

D. there is no connection between them

E. legal

The relationship between biomedical ethics and deontology (professional ethics) has a

character:

A. regulatory

B. defining

C. informative

D. there is no connection between them

E. complementary

104. The form of social regulation of medical activities does not include:

C. economics

E. art

105. Morality is a concept that defines:

A. a set of subjective reactions and forms of human behavior

B. a tendency towards goodness and the ability to endure the hardships and hardships of everyday life

C. one of the parts of philosophical science

D. culturally classified mores, habits and customs

E. cultural and historical phenomenon of society, synonymous with morality

106. Morality is:

A. special conditional politeness

B. subject of ethics study

C. rules of behavior in a specific group of people

D. the science of the nature and meaning of moral relationships and moral principles

E. social subordination, etiquette

Of the following, which relationship models are NOT included in biomedical

Ethics?

A. Petrova

B. Hippocrates

C. Paracelsus

D. Fedorova

E. contract

What relationships are regulated by ethical committees in bioethics?

A. between patients

B. between doctors

C. between the pharmacist (doctor) and the test subject

D. between doctor and patient

E. between pharmacists

109. The Nuremberg Code (1947) is:

A. international “Code of Rules on Conducting Experiments on Humans”

B. conviction of Nazi criminals

C. a selection of documents about Nazi crimes

D. instructions for the work of national ethics committees

E. national medical code

110. Duty is something that is fulfilled in medicine due to:

A. professional responsibilities

B. demands of loved ones

C. demands of conscience and consequences of the moral ideal

D. ideological justification for social progress

E. orders of the superior, law, constitution

111. Freedom differs from arbitrariness:

A. awareness of responsibility for the committed act

112. The basic principles of bioethics are expressed in:

A. Doctor's responsibilities

B. statement of patient rights

C. attitude towards animal testing

D. the relationship between the pharmacist and the doctor

E. relationships between patients

113. To methods of artificial insemination do not apply:

A. intracorporeal

B. donor

C. extracorporeal

D. fetal therapy

E. artificial insemination

114. Intervention in the field of human health can be carried out:

A. based on the free, conscious and informed consent of the patient

B. based on medical indications

C. based on the rarity of the disease pattern and its educational value

D. based on the request of relatives

E. based on financial gain

115. The concept of “informed consent” includes everything except:

A. information about the purpose of the proposed intervention

B. information about the nature of the proposed intervention

C. information about possible negative consequences

D. information about the risk associated with the intervention

E. information about the patient's social status

Persons unable to give informed consent include all but two

groups of persons: a) minors; b) persons with mental disabilities; c) persons with severe

mi forms of diseases that block consciousness; d) females; e) citizens with foreign

A strange citizenship.

E. g, d

Negative attitude towards abortion in traditional Christian moral anthropo-

logy is determined by all of the following except:

A. violation of the commandment “thou shalt not kill”

B. failure to fulfill the commandment of love

C. teachings on the transmigration of souls (metempsychosis)

D. irreducibility of personality to the properties of the psychophysical nature of a person

E. classifying abortion as a mortal sin

118. The ethical justification of transplantation is determined by:

A. species identity

B. solidarity in belonging to the scientific and technical intelligentsia

C. the right to physical and psychological risk of the donor

D. free and informed consent of the donor

E. financial solvency of the recipient

119. In Ukraine, organ transplantation can be carried out without the consent of relatives and the donor in the following cases:

A. if the donor is a particularly dangerous criminal sentenced to life imprisonment

B. if the donor is a citizen of a foreign country

C. if the donor is mentally retarded and legally incompetent

D. if the donor is a deceased person and his relatives did not protest in advance against the use of his organs

E. in none of the above cases

120. The right of a doctor to bear false witness to a hopeless patient cannot be universal.

due to existence:

A. legal provision on informed consent

B. the moral commandment “thou shalt not bear false witness”

C. anthropological understanding of death as a stage of life

D. differences in people’s value and worldview ideas

E. for all of the above reasons

121. The doctor should inform the patient about the form of medical intervention in all

cases, except when:

A. the patient is either a minor, mentally retarded, or unconscious

B. this decision is driven by financial gain.

C. the patient does not have the medical education to understand the complexity of the disease

D. the patient's disagreement may lead to a deterioration in his health

E. in all of the above cases

122. Respect for a person’s private life on the part of a medical professional presupposes:

A. keeping his health secret

B. respect for his right to vote

C. transfer of information about the nature of the patient’s illness to his employers

D. informing his family members about the patient’s health status at their request

E. prohibition of euthanasia

Does the patient have the right to know about his hopeless diagnosis?

C. relatives only

D. the doctor makes the decision

E. depends on the financial viability of the patient

What is a clone?

A. an exact copy of the father

B. an exact copy of the mother

C. an exact copy of the donor

D. an exact copy of the recipient

E. a unique creature

It has been reliably established that in some cases, patients, unable to withstand the psychological stress after the diagnosis is announced, commit suicide. What should a doctor do in this case?

A. Depends on the characterological characteristics of the patient

B. I coordinate actions with management

C. I won’t reveal anything.

D. I will consult with relatives

E. Consult a lawyer

230. Is it possible to conduct experiments on mentally ill patients:

A. according to the Nurebern Code - no

B. according to the Declaration of Helsinki – yes

C. according to the Hawaiian Declaration - yes

D. yes, but only in special cases

E. all of the above are incorrect

231. The main criticism of the compulsory health insurance system is:

A. expensive infrastructure

B. costs of maintaining management structures

C. developing effective control mechanisms

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

232. Since HIV today is an incurable disease, therefore:

A. these patients do not need to be treated

B. these patients need to be isolated from society

C. forced euthanasia must be carried out

D. such patients need to be treated because it is their inalienable right

E. they should be treated only on a commercial basis

TESTS

“FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOETICS AND BIOSAFETY”

001. Medicine refers to one of the following types of knowledge:

A. natural science

B. humanitarian

C. art history

D. interdisciplinary

E. engineering

002. The fundamental basis shaping the medical profession is:

A. economic

B. cognitive (epistemological)

C. moral

D. territorial

E. material (receiving benefits)

003. The main goal of a doctor’s professional activity is:

A. saving and preserving human life

B. social trust in the medical profession

C. respect from colleagues

D. material benefit

E. learning new things

004. The main distinguishing feature of a doctor’s professional ethics is:

A. the right to deviant behavior

B. conscious choice of moral principles and rules of behavior

C. criminal liability for failure to comply with professional ethical standards

D. the absolute need to subordinate personal interests to corporate ones

E. priority of the interests of medical science over the interests of a particular patient

005. Medicine and ethics are united by:

A. man as a subject of study

B. research methods

C. mastering techniques for overcoming conflicts in human relationships

D. the desire to know the mechanisms of human behavior and to control it

E. focus on achieving a person’s financial well-being

006. The correct definition of ethics as a science is:

A. ethics - the science of the relationship of living beings with each other

B. ethics - the science of the nature and meaning of moral relationships and moral principles

C. ethics - the science of minimizing evil in human relations

D. ethics - the science of the ability to behave correctly in society

E. ethics - the ability to evaluate your interlocutor

007. The relationship between general ethical teachings and professional biomedical ethics has the following character:

A. regulatory

B. defining

C. informative

D. there is no connection between them

E. legal

Etiquette is a form of behavior that means

A. recognition of the importance of special rules of conduct in social and professional relationships

C. the science of the nature and meaning of moral relationships and moral principles

D. a person’s ability to socially adapt

E. recognition of the importance of social subordination

009. Morality is:

A. relations and morals of people classified by culture according to the criterion of “good-evil”

B. body of scientific facts

C. philosophical doctrine

D. strict adherence to laws and the constitution

E. a form of “collective unconscious” that indicates what should be

010. The concept of “right” includes all of the listed meanings, except:

A. element of the system of government

B. a form of coercion and punishment of man by man

C. the phenomenon of social solidarity and human-to-human connectedness

D. a set of state laws related to any form of activity (for example, medical law)

E. individual will to punish and punish people

011. Moral regulation of medical activities differs from legal regulation:

A. freedom to choose action

B. arbitrariness of the motive of activity

C. criminal impunity

D. social approval

E. having a monetary interest

012. Biomedical ethics and medical law should ideally be in a state of:

A. independence

B. medical law - priority

C. the priority of biomedical ethics must be maintained

D. biomedical ethics - a criterion for the correctness of medical law

E. medical law determines the correctness of biomedical ethics

013. Morality and law according to Kant are in the relationship:

A. morality is subject to law

B. morality and law do not oppose each other, for these are related spheres of the spirit

C. morality is opposed to law.

D. law is subordinate to ethics

E. morality and law are independent

014. The German psychiatrist and philosopher K. Jaspers understands the phenomenon of “criminal statehood”:

A. the rights of the people expressed in law

B. legalized freedom of action of a person

C. adoption by the state of a law that is contrary to moral standards

D. an apparatus that forces a person to comply with the law

015. The value of human life in biomedical ethics is determined by:

A. age (number of years lived)

B. mental and physical integrity

C. race and nationality

D. financial solvency

E. uniqueness and originality of personality

016. The concept of “honor” of a person includes all of the following, except:

A. physiological and mental characteristics of a person

B. following the given word

C. a sense of responsibility for the act committed

D. social origin (aristocratic, noble)

E. non-involvement in sin

017. The concept of “dignity” of a person includes all of the listed meanings, except:

a) purity of thoughts and intentions, motives of action; b) the image and likeness of God; c) health; d) physiological characteristics of the human body; e) freedom; f) economic and financial success; g) public recognition, popularity; h) critical self-esteem, self-confidence; i) the presence of a person’s abilities and talents; j) awareness of a person’s special purpose in life.

A. b, d, g, i

B. c, d, f

018. The correct definition of justice includes:

A. justice is primarily the principle of distribution of material goods and money

B. justice is equality

C. justice is righteousness, fulfilling the law, and returning good to evil.

D. justice is a principle governing relations between people

E. justice is situational benefit, action, result

019. Good is all of the above, except:

A. ability and willingness to help others

B. a good that is valuable and significant in itself

C. individual health

D. unattainable ideal

E. property and wealth

020. Evil is what is listed, except:

B. violation of divine order

C. associated with vice and moral corruption

D. what can bring profit and benefit

E. intellectual fiction

021. The relationship between good and evil is that:

A. good is self-sufficient and self-significant

B. good exists independently and separately from evil

C. evil is self-sufficient

D. evil is the absence of good

E. good and evil are mutually conditioned

022. A duty is something that is fulfilled by virtue of:

A. professional responsibilities

B. demands of conscience and consequences of the moral ideal

C. orders from the boss

D. mutual benefit

E. demands of loved ones

023. The listed properties include the human conscience, except:

A. inner knowledge of good and evil

B. a moral feeling that encourages good and turns away from evil

C. the ability to recognize the quality of an action

D. vector of moral life, aimed at what should be

E. symptom of mental disorder

024. Freedom differs from arbitrariness:

A. awareness of responsibility for the committed act

B. justifying human sinfulness

C. recognition of a person's ability to do whatever he wants

D. the inability of a person to subordinate the will to the requirement of the moral law

E. indifference to a person’s ability for moral improvement

025. Freedom is:

A. the ability of a person to do whatever you want

B. opportunity for creativity

C. law of social life

D. conscious opportunity and ability for moral improvement

E. complete emancipation of human base instincts

026. The definition of the concept of “pleasure” is connected with all of the above, except:

A. satisfaction of needs

B. relief from suffering

C. biological adaptation function

D. expression of the interest of a social group

E. disease

027. Choose the correct definition of justice:

a) sensual and rational; b) distributive and rewarding; c) social and asocial; d) ideal and real.

D. b, d

028. Moral perfection of a person presupposes the presence of:

a) utopian faith; b) human abilities; c) possession of supreme power; d) wealth; e) intellectual reflection; f) knowledge about the purpose and meaning of human existence; g) professionalism.

A. b, f

029. A moral ideal is:

A. the image of the highest perfection and the highest good

B. example of professional excellence

C. a hero who sacrifices himself to save the life of another person

D. president of a great country

E. leader of the parliamentary faction

030. Charity is:

A. selfless activity through which private resources are voluntarily distributed by their owners to help those in need

B. Platonic idea.

C. result of equality

D. pagan virtue

E. satisfaction of selfish feelings

031. The concept of “mercy” includes everything except:

A. feelings and abilities of compassion

B. willingness to provide help to those who need it

C. leniency

D. willingness to fulfill any request of a person

E. willingness to make material sacrifices

032. Professional ethics of a doctor refers to one of the following types of ethical theories:

A. anthropocentric (naturalistic-pragmatic)

B. ontocentric (idealistic-deontological)

C. occupies an intermediate position

D. creationist (entirely based on religion)

E. none of the above

033. According to ethical anthropocentrism, human behavior and actions are determined by:

A. interests of a social group

B. innate biological and material needs of man

C. moral duty

D. professional obligations

E. by the will of God

034. According to ethical ontocentrism, human behavior and actions are determined by:

a) the interests of a social group; b) the material needs of a person; c) innate biological needs; d) moral duty; e) professional obligations; f) national interests; g) by the will of God

A. g, d, f

035. The conservative ethical tradition in biomedical ethics is formed by two main teachings: a) hedonism, b) traditional Christian worldview, c) pragmatism, d) Kantian ethics, e) Freudianism.

B. b, d

036. The liberal position in biomedical ethics is based on:
a) Old Testament morality, b) the teachings of F. Nietzsche, c) pragmatism, d) stoicism, e) platonism.

C. b, c

037. One of the listed forms of professional ethical consciousness cannot be attributed to the historical and logical models of biomedical ethics:

A. Hippocratic model

B. Paracelsus model

C. deontological model

D. bioethics

E. fascist medicine

038. In the Hippocratic model of biomedical ethics, the main principle is:

A. do no harm

B. Thou shalt not kill

C. priority of interests of science

D. the principle of personal autonomy

E. primacy of religion

039. For the medical ethics of Paracelsus, the basic principle is:

A. do good

B. do not bear false witness

C. don't steal

D. “knowledge is power”

E. the principle of personal autonomy

040. For the deontological model of the doctor-patient relationship, the main principle is:

A. do your duty

B. do not commit adultery

C. keep medical confidentiality

D. help a colleague

E. principle of non-interference

041. For the modern model of bioethics, the basic principle is:

A. the principle of “respect for duty”

B. “do no harm” principle

C. principle of priority of science

D. the principle of priority of rights and respect for the dignity of the patient

E. principle of non-interference

042. Features of “American bioethics” are determined by all of the following, except:

A. developed scientific and organizational base

B. availability of research centers on bioethics

C. socio-political events of the 60-70s of the twentieth century in the USA

D. forming a patient rights movement and creating a “Patients’ Bill of Rights”

E. disregard for the values of religious culture

043. The general civilizational foundations of bioethical knowledge include all of the listed factors, except:

A. the emergence and application of new biomedical technologies in practical healthcare

B. democratization of social relations

C. value and worldview pluralism

D. international activities of the Council of Europe

E. experimental nature of modern medical knowledge

044. The features of “Christian bioethics” of Catholicism include all of the listed features except:

A. comprehensive consideration of bioethical issues

B. priority of social realities in theological constructs and recommendations

C. a reasoned critique of “evolutionary anthropology”

D. the choice as the basis of “Christian bioethics” of the principles of understanding “man as a subject and object at the same time,” “Godlikeness” of the individual, the body as the temple of God

E. solving problems of bioethics from the standpoint of calculating “benefits and benefits”

045. The features of bioethics in countries with Protestant culture include all of the listed features except:

A. the principle of moral autonomy of the individual

B. affirmation of the right and value of human spiritual freedom

C. the value of “health of the nation”

D. idea of responsibility

E. the idea of self-sufficiency

046. The peculiarities of the attitude to bioethics in Orthodox moral anthropology include all of the following features, except:

A. commercial interests of the scientific and intellectual elite

B. understanding of God as the source of human aspirations for perfection

C. the principle of synergy (the possibility of collaboration between man and God in transforming life9)

D. the principle of “sanctity of life”

E. understanding of man’s vocation as a “participant of the divine nature”

047. The Islamic moral and religious tradition is characterized by:

A. orientation to the Koran and the code of canonical laws of Islam

B. priority of human free will

C. dominant socio-political interests of the state

D. unequal roles of men and women in society

E. the concept of embryo animation on the hundredth day of pregnancy

048. The basis of Muslim legislation regulating activities in the field of health care is:

A. common national interests

B. code of canonical laws of Islam

C. reasoning by analogy

D. the ability and right of interpretation of a specialist

E. interests of science

049. The concept of human personality in Islam is defined:

A. based on the provisions of the Koran about the entry of the soul into the embryo at three months and one week, i.e. on the hundredth day of pregnancy

B. righteousness of parents

C. human vital activity

D. own opinion of a professional

E. material wealth

1. Medicine refers to one of the following types of knowledge:

1) natural science

2) humanitarian

3) interdisciplinary =

2. The philosophical basis of the medical profession is:

1) economic

2) cognitive (epistemological) =

3) moral =

3. The main goal of a doctor’s professional activity is:

1) saving and preserving human life =

2) respect for your colleagues

3) material benefit

4. The hallmark of medical ethics is:

1) conscious choice of moral principles and rules of behavior =

2) unconditional subordination of personal interests to corporate ones =

3) priority of the interests of medicine over the interests of the patient

5. Medicine and ethics are united:

1) a person as a subject of professional influence on him =

3) techniques for overcoming conflicts in human relationships

4) achieving a person’s financial well-being

6. The correct definition of ethics as a science is:

1) ethics - the science of the relationship of living beings with each other

2) ethics - the science of the nature and meaning of moral relationships and moral principles =

3) ethics - the science of the ability to behave correctly in society

7. The relationship between ethical teachings and bioethics has the following character:

1) regulatory =

2) defining

3) informative

8. Morality is a concept that defines:

1) a set of individual forms of human behavior =

2) the ability to endure all the hardships and hardships in everyday life

3) a person’s desire to help another person

9. Etiquette is a form of behavior that means

1) reliance on humane rules when communicating with other people =

2) folk custom of treating all people with respect =

3) educated conditional politeness =

10. Morality is a form of social consciousness and behavior:

1) classified by culture according to the criterion of “good-evil” =

2) special philosophical doctrine

3) a form of “collective unconscious”, which indicates what should be done in behavior 11 . Morality and law according to Kant are in relation:

1) morality is subject to law

2) morality and law do not oppose each other, for these are related spheres of the spirit

3) morality is opposed to law =

12. The value of human life in biomedical ethics is determined by:

1) age (number of years lived)

2) mental and physical fitness

3) uniqueness and originality of the human personality =

13. Duty is something that is prescribed to a person for fulfillment by virtue of:

1) professional duties

2) the requirements of conscience and the consequences of the moral ideal =

3) ideological understanding of social progress

14. The moral ideal is:

1) the image of the highest personal perfection and the highest good of people =

2) an example of professional excellence

3) a hero who sacrificed himself to save another person

15. Charity is:

1) selfless activity in order to satisfy the interests of people in need of assistance =

2) manifestation of equality in life activities

3) pagan virtue

16. Showing mercy is as follows:

1) having feelings and the ability to compassion =

2) willingness to provide help to those who need it =

3) willingness to fulfill any person’s request =

17. In Hippocratic morality, the main principle is:

1) “do no harm” =

2) “thou shalt not kill”

3) priority of the interests of the doctor over the patient

18. For deontological morality, the basic principle is:

1) fulfilling one’s professional duty =

2) maintaining medical confidentiality

3) the principle of non-interference

19. Intervention in the human body is carried out:

1) based on the patient’s informed consent =

2) based on medical indications

3) based on the request of relatives

20. The moral sanction for artificial termination of pregnancy is the following factors:

1) woman's desire =

2) personal ethical beliefs of the doctor =

3) medical indications =

21. The ethical unacceptability of using “abnormal procreation techniques” is related to:

1) in violation of the child’s right to be born naturally in a traditional marriage =

2) with the destruction of “extra” human embryos =

3) with the depreciation of the value and significance of motherhood and maternal love in cases of legalization of “surrogacy” =

22. The medical unacceptability of the idea of euthanasia is determined by:

1) a chance for recovery and the possibility of changing the patient’s decision =

2) violation of the doctor’s purpose to save and preserve human life =

3) violation of the moral commandment “thou shalt not kill” =

23. Active euthanasia differs from passive:

1) lack of patient consent to take his life =

2) the priority of the doctor’s decision over the patient’s decision to end the patient’s life =

3) active, active intervention of the doctor in the process of ending life at the request of the patient =

24. The decision to accept passive euthanasia depends on:

1) determining the motives of the doctor’s activities and actions

2) objective picture of the disease

3) the universal human right to manage one’s life =

25. The ethics of organ removal from a deceased donor presupposes:

1) absence of moral and legal restrictions =

2) the condition of the donor’s consent expressed during life and legally formalized =

3) the absence of objections expressed by the donor during his lifetime to the collection of organs from his corpse =

26. The formation of modern medical criteria for human death is due to:

1) moral and ideological understanding of the essence of man =

2) development of medical technology =

3) respect for the honor and dignity of a person =

27. When a hereditary disease is detected in a developing fetus, the fate of this fetus (continuation of pregnancy or abortion) has the right to decide:

1) only professional doctors =

2) only parents

3) only mother

28. Gene therapy should be carried out:

1) only for medicinal purposes =

2) to build a healthy society of healthy citizens

3) in order to change the genome of the patient’s heirs

29. The right of a doctor to bear false witness to a hopeless patient cannot be universal due to the existence of:

1) legal provision on informed consent =

2) the moral commandment “thou shalt not bear false witness” =

3) diversity of psycho-emotional characteristics of the individual =

30. The maxim “the patient’s decision is the doctor’s law” is morally justified only if this decision:

1) does not lead to a deterioration in the patient’s condition (providing medical supplies that are contraindicated for the patient) =

2) motivated by “informed consent” and does not threaten other human lives (abortion, forced euthanasia at the request of the patient’s relatives) =

3) fits into the norms of behavior proclaimed by the media =

31. Providing medical care is a form of manifestation:

1) privileges for certain segments of society

2) mercy and social justice =

3) economic interest of professionals

32. The idea of justice in medicine is implemented in the form of:

1) doctors' mercy =

2) free assistance to a sick person =

3) equally high level of medical care for all people =

33. The manifestation of justice as the idea of equality and mercy includes two forms of healthcare organization:

1) voluntary (private, commercial) health insurance

2) forms of state insurance

3) national-state health care system and compulsory (universal) health insurance =

34. What is the peculiarity of providing psychiatric care:

1) incompetence of many patients =

2) inappropriate behavior of some patients =

3) the possibility of involuntary examination and treatment =

Medical activity is carried out in the following areas: diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases - and requires skills in setting diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive tasks. This process, as a rule, is carried out under conditions of variability of initial data (symptoms and syndromes can appear and disappear, combine differently with each other), lack of time (when providing medical care for emergency indications, mass admission of the wounded and sick). In this case, the doctor must mentally model the complete clinical picture of the disease based on individual symptoms and syndromes, study and analyze the causes, conditions and mechanisms of its occurrence and development. The price of defects and errors in medical practice corresponds to its significance, sometimes determined by the highest value - human health and life.

In addition, in the process of work, the doctor comes into contact with the patient’s personality, which has changes specific to each situation. In the presence of a chronic somatic disease, regardless of nosology, the patient’s personality is characterized by a significant change in the motivational sphere, expressed in the identification of a new leading motive - the preservation of life and health.

Normal and pathological human activity, which is the object of a doctor’s activity, is a contradictory unity of the necessary and random, repeating and unique, stable and changeable, definite and indefinite. What is necessary and repeated in health and illness is reflected in medical science, principles and schemes of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, containing the experience of doctors of many generations. Knowledge of these provisions is important and necessary, but not a sufficient condition for medical creativity, since creativity presupposes going beyond what has been achieved. The doctor acts in a problematic non-standard situation, determined by the uniqueness of the human body and personality, and the openness of their systems. Creativity is not a by-product of medical practice, it is its very essence.

Medical practice is characterized by intellectual complexity, monotony, risk and responsibility, moral problems, and interpersonal conflicts. Monotony, moral problems and conflicts are often the causes of psychosomatic illnesses among medical workers.

When determining the standard of a doctor’s personality in accordance with the expectations of patients, preference is given to doctors of the same gender and older age. The standard of a doctor includes: intelligence, passion for work, attentiveness, sense of duty, patience, intuition, seriousness, kindness, sense of humor. For most patients, the image of a teacher-doctor is considered ideal.

The most significant factors in choosing a doctor are: ways of communicating with the patient; situational communication, the ability to navigate the needs of the patient; understand his attitudes; openness in the communication process, good diction and precision of expression, which are based on the doctor’s extensive experience and his inner freedom and creativity; authority, reputation, appearance. The therapist's clothing influences the patient's assessment of such qualities as attentiveness, sincerity, competence and, in general, the patient's trust in him.

The professional activity of the head of a medical treatment institution (HCI) is characterized by the need to combine administration with expert, advisory and psychotherapeutic functions of management. In the personality of the head of a healthcare facility, closely intertwined and complementing each other, three roles “live”: an administrator-manager who is able to plan the work of the institution, manage people, encourage them to work effectively, and control their work; a doctor capable of consultation and expertise on basic medical problems and situations developing in the institution; and a teacher-educator who influences others with his everyday actions.

A methodology for assessing and self-assessing the level of productivity of professional activity and the professionalism of the head of a healthcare facility has been developed and used, where psychological and non-psychological criteria for the effectiveness of management and corresponding indicators are used.

1. Medicine and acmeology are closely interconnected. This relationship is expressed in the subject and goals of medical acmeology.

2. Effective personal and professional development of a specialist is feasible taking into account medical acmeological conditions and factors that reflect the quality of the psychobiological components of the integrity of his individuality in terms of compliance with professional health standards.

3. To achieve the goal of medical acmeology, it is necessary to form and effectively operate a system of medical support for the acmeological process.

Test questions and assignments

1. What is the subject of medical acmeology?

2. What is the purpose of medical acmeology?

3. How is the concept of “professional health” defined?

4. What are the features of a doctor’s professional activity?

5. Remember a situation from your professional activity when some unpleasant news or information was accompanied by a decrease in performance and poor health. Analyze it from the perspective of a person’s psychobiosocial integrity. How did you restore your performance then and what do you plan to do in a similar situation in the future?

6. Think of two successful colleagues in your field of professional activity who are approximately the same age. Then try to answer two questions. In the process of their professional development, to what extent were those around them harmed? At what “cost” for everyone’s health was success achieved?

7. Take a sheet of paper and divide it into two parts. In one half, write down three or four milestones in your professional career. Opposite each entry, use a five-point system to rate your state of health at that time. Is there a relationship between what is written on the right and left half of the sheet? How can we influence both to ensure satisfaction with their relationship in the future?

The main goal of a doctor’s professional activity is... Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Russian State Medical University The main goal of a doctor’s professional activity is

2. The main goal of a doctor’s professional activity is:

More on the topic The specifics of the professional activity of a medical worker, his professionally important qualities: