The problem that is addressed in the project is the increase in childhood injuries among preschool children. Interest in it arose after a conversation with children showing the educational film “Zebra”. We talk about road accidents in which children are seriously injured, disabled or even killed, and what needs to be done to prevent this from happening.
The guys were interested in why this was happening. And we asked our teacher Tatyana Vasilievna to help us figure this out.
Purpose of the study: study the causes of child road traffic injuries .
Research objectives:
- find out how to ensure the safety of children in traffic in the city of Tyumen;
- expand knowledge about road signs, traffic lights, traffic rules;
- develop a route with the help of adults.
Research hypothesis: We assume that the cause of road traffic injuries may be non-compliance with the rules by road users, i.e. pedestrians and passengers, due to:
- reluctance by traffic participants to comply with them;
- low discipline of drivers and pedestrians;
- ignorance of traffic signs and rules.
Research methods:
- observation;
- parent survey;
- discussion of situations;
- excursions;
- play activity.
Children's road injuries in Tyumen
It was not by chance that we decided to highlight the problem of children's road injuries.
Over the 9 months of this year, 134 traffic accidents involving minors were recorded on the roads of Tyumen, in which 143 children were injured and 1 died.
Of particular concern is the fact that children under seven years of age account for up to 37% of road accidents – 49 cases.
From the history of road safety
Russia has a centuries-old tradition of maintaining order on the roads and streets. Even under Tsar Ivan III, it was ordered to follow the rules of driving and walking on the roads. Violators of the rules were severely punished.
In 1784, for the first time in Russia, a cab driver received a driver's license.
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the first vehicles appeared on Russian roads, including the first Russian cars.
In 1913, Russia ranked second in the world in the number of vehicles per capita.
Until 1961, our country had its own rules for each republic and region. Only since 1961, all-Union rules for driving on city streets and roads of the USSR have been introduced.
In 1993, the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation were approved.
What are traffic rules for?
Imagine what would happen on the streets of the city if all the traffic lights and road signs suddenly disappeared, and the traffic controllers with their striped batons disappeared. And city drivers would suddenly forget the strict traffic rules.
Buses and cars are rushing from all sides, touching each other, motorcycles are rushing by, bicycles are scurrying around. You can hear the squeal of brakes, alarm horns, the roar of colliding cars, the rattling of broken windows, the howling of an ambulance siren...
However, cars and people live in peace: either cars let people pass, or people wait for cars to pass. Because both are subject to strict laws. These laws are called "Road Rules".
Traffic rules in accordance with the Law “On Road Traffic” dated December 10, 1995 No. 196-FZ is a single regulatory act establishing traffic regulations throughout Russia.
While observing pedestrians, we came to the conclusion that not everyone, even adults, obeys traffic rules.
While watching the transport, we found out that there are drivers who also violate traffic rules
And among the passengers there were traffic rule violators
 |
 |
| At a stop, while waiting for transport, they go out onto the roadway | Not wearing seat belts |
Conducted a survey of parents
- Do you always cross the road correctly?
- Do you teach your child the rules of behavior in transport?
- Does your child know where the school he will attend is located? How to go there, where to cross the street, what signs are there along the road?
- How do you react if other people's children violate traffic rules in front of your eyes?
Based on the results of the parents' questionnaires, we can conclude:
- Parents themselves often violate traffic rules.
- Children are taught the rules of behavior in transport from case to case.
- Future schoolchildren do not know their route to school.
- They pay attention to other people's children who violate traffic rules only when they are in danger.
So to the question: “Do you always cross the road correctly?” 30% of parents answered no.
To the question: “Do you teach your child the rules of behavior in transport?” Only half of the parents answered positively.
To the question: “Does your child know where the school where he will study is located? How to go there, where to cross the street, what signs are there along the road?” Only 12% of parents responded positively.
To the question: “How do you react if other people’s children violate traffic rules before your eyes?” Most parents do not react at all or react only in extreme cases.
How does society care about the safe behavior of children on the road?
- Production of feature films, animated films and documentaries on the topic of road safety;
- Conducting quizzes, olympiads, competitions, holidays by traffic police services, teachers of schools and kindergartens;
- Publishing books, brochures, posters;
- Conducting months on child safety on the road “Attention children!”, “Zebra crossing”, “Take care of your passenger”, etc.;
- Drivers turning on low beam headlights while driving;
- The use of reflective elements on clothing, school bags and “Beware of children!” signs.
Causes of accidents with preschool children on the road
- Distracted attention;
- Forgetting the rules of behavior on the street;
- Emotional condition;
- The child’s quick reaction to a traffic situation;
- Distracting attention from dangerous vehicles;
- Lack of adult supervision.
How we learned traffic rules
What we learned
Traffic light is our faithful assistant
The first street traffic light appeared more than 130 years ago. The first traffic lights had only two colors: red and green, which were manually changed by a person standing next to them. But it was inconvenient to make do with two colors, and 50 years later a third color appeared on traffic lights - yellow.
When a traffic light breaks down, the traffic controller controls the traffic using a striped stick - a baton.
Road signs
Warning signs – warn us of danger.
Prohibition signs keep us safe on the roads.
Mandatory signs instruct the driver to:
Road safety rules
- Pedestrians are allowed to walk on sidewalks and pedestrian paths, and where there are none, on the side of the road.
- Do not get out or run onto the roadway.
- Cross the roadway only in places marked with a zebra road marking or a pedestrian crossing sign.
- In places where there is a traffic light, cross the street only when the signal is green.
- Don't run across the street, walk at a calm pace.
- Before crossing a two-way street, look to your left and, if there are no cars nearby, begin to cross. When you reach the middle, look to the right. If there are cars nearby, wait, let them pass, and then continue on your way.
- Walk around the bus and trolleybus from behind.
- When waiting at a bus stop, do not stand on the edge of the sidewalk.
- When approaching a corner of a house, an arch or other obstacle, stop and make sure there are no cars nearby.
Route from kindergarten to school
(Anya Kotova, Roman Nikita)
Route from kindergarten to library
(Danil Khromov, Roman Nikita)
Route from kindergarten to Komsomolsky Park
(Anya Kotova, Roman Nikita)
Conclusion
While doing research, we found the answer to the question:
For what reasons do road traffic accidents occur and why do children die on the streets of Tyumen?
The cause of road accidents is most often children themselves. This is caused by ignorance of the basic principles of traffic rules, the indifferent attitude of adults towards the behavior of children on the roadway, and the negative example of adults.
In order to reduce the number of road traffic injuries, it is necessary not only to increase the level of knowledge, but to change attitudes towards existing rules and develop sustainable positive habits in children and adults.
Bibliography
- Klochanov N.I. Road, child, safety. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2004-152 p.
- Malshakova V.E. Education of a competent pedestrian. - Tyumen, 1992-44 p.
- Traffic rules for preschool children, ed. E.A. Romanova - M.: Sphere shopping center, 2005-64 p.
- Shorygina T.A. Cautious tales.-M.: Prometheus, Book lover, 2002-80 p.
We invite preschool teachers of the Tyumen region, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to publish their teaching material:
- Pedagogical experience, original programs, teaching aids, presentations for classes, electronic games;
- Personally developed notes and scenarios of educational activities, projects, master classes (including videos), forms of work with families and teachers.
Why is it profitable to publish with us?
MADOOU combined type kindergarten No. 60 AGO “History of road signs”
The project was completed
Gubanov Andrey and parents
Supervisor:
Kopytova Irina Nikolaevna
Teacher 1KK
HYPOTHESIS
Now there are many different road signs, but they appeared a long time ago.
Problem:
I don't know the history of road signs
I have some questions:
1. When did the first road signs appear?
2. How have they changed over time?
3. Were there road signs at a time when there was no transport yet?
4. Do road signs have any benefit?
5. What groups are road signs divided into?
Get acquainted with the history of road signs
1.Find information sources and
2.consider, explore and study
found material;
3. create a presentation based on the selected material;
4.draw conclusions.
Planned result
1. Information sources were found and
materials on the history of road signs;
2. examined, examined and studied the found materials;
3. a presentation has been created based on the selected material;
4. conclusions are drawn;
5. The hypothesis put forward is confirmed;
6. Answers to the questions posed have been found.
- Got acquainted with the history of road signs
We looked for books that interested us
We studied other sources of information, for example, games.
- We selected the material via the Internet.
Find out what road signs are installed in your area of residence
Here's what we found out
“The history of road signs”
Presentation
Road markings in ancient times
The first road signs appeared almost simultaneously with the emergence of roads. To mark the route, primitive travelers broke branches and made marks on the bark of trees, and placed stones of a certain shape along the roads.
Painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “The Knight at the Crossroads”. A fairy-tale hero sits on his horse at a crossroads and thinks - where should he go? And information is carved in stone. So this stone can be considered a road sign .
Road sign system in Ancient Rome
Mileposts
cylindrical
Milestones in Russia
Milestones began to be painted with black and white stripes, ensuring better visibility at any time of the day.
Appearance on the roads the first self-propelled crews required fundamental changes in the organization of traffic.
And in 1903, appeared on the streets of Paris first road signs:
Two main systems of road signs in the pre-war years
European, based on the use of symbols
Anglo-American, in which inscriptions were used instead of symbols.
from January 1, 1961, unified traffic rules on the streets of cities, towns and roads of the USSR came into force
Along with the new rules, new road signs were introduced:
Modern groups of road signs in Russia
warning signs
signs of special regulations
priority signs
information signs
prohibition signs
service signs
mandatory signs
additional information signs
Warning signs
Warn drivers and pedestrians about the upcoming danger and its nature.
Shape: white triangle with red border.
Priority signs
Determine the order of passage at intersections and narrow sections of the road.
Shape: no specific shape.
Prohibition signs
Prohibit any actions by drivers and pedestrians.
Shape: white circle with a red border.
Mandatory signs
They are prescribed and allowed to move in a certain direction.
Shape: blue circle with white symbol
Information signs
Various traffic conditions are reported.
Shape: rectangle or square with blue, white, yellow or green background..
Signs of special regulations
Introduce or cancel certain traffic modes on the road.
Shape: Basically blue rectangle or square.
Service marks
Inform about the placement of various objects on the roads.
Shape: rectangle with a white background and a wide blue border.
Additional information signs
They help streamline the flow of vehicles or clarify and enhance the effect of signs.
Shape: rectangle with white background (plate)
The first road signs appeared almost simultaneously with the emergence of roads.
Road signs are installed on the right side of the road so that all road users can see them at any time of the day.
Observe
Traffic Laws!
Each sign has its own shape and color. Various drawings, letters, words are applied to them.
Today, in Russia alone, more than two and a half hundred road signs are used, covering almost all directions of traffic, and the system is constantly developing and improving.
All signs are divided into groups
We can talk endlessly about the benefits of road signs. First of all, they warn about dangers on the road.
We can say that road signs provide maximum safety for drivers and pedestrians, but remember that a lot depends on you.
Conclusion
1. Found information sources and
materials on the history of road signs;
2. examined, examined and studied the found materials;
3. based on the selected material, they created a presentation, which was presented above;
4.drew conclusions (presented in the presentation);
5. found confirmation of the hypothesis;
6. answered the questions asked;
7. We introduced the children in the group to the history of road signs.
Conclusion
Thus, it can be said
What goal achieved– I got acquainted with the history of road signs.
Delivered tasks completed , the planned result has been achieved.
this work
may be of interest to children and adults, can be used in road safety classes
Information sources
1. “Road Rules” M.; EKSMO, 2014
2. Atlas of roads
3. Children's books and games on traffic rules
4. Internet resources
http://www.autodela.ru/main/blogs/Uli_blog/article-1347303874
https://cirkul.info/article/istoriya-dorozhnykh-znakov
http://pdd-gulnas.ru/index.php/dorozhnye-znaki
http://yandex.ru/yandsearch?clid=9582&text= history%20of%20road%20signs& l10n=ru
Slide 2
Road signs have a special language, and everyone needs to get used to reading them. And at first glance I would be able to understand what kind of danger to expect on the road.
Slide 3
What are road signs used for? (Signs help regulate and organize the flow of cars and people). - Who should know road signs well? (Everyone should know the road signs - drivers, cyclists and pedestrians).
Slide 4
Road signs are important to all of us. Everyone should know road signs.
All signs are installed on the right side of the street or road, facing towards traffic, so that drivers and pedestrians can clearly see them. And now we will meet the main groups of road signs.
Slide 5
Warning signs
They have the shape of a white triangle with a red border. They warn drivers and pedestrians of possible danger and the need for increased attention. "Traffic light regulation" "Dangerous turn" "Slippery road" "Pedestrian crossing" "Children" "Wild animals"
Slide 6
Prohibition signs
They have the shape of a circle with a red border. Pedestrian or vehicular traffic is prohibited. "Entry prohibited" "Traffic prohibited" "Bicycle traffic prohibited" "Pedestrian traffic prohibited"
Slide 7
Mandatory signs
Round, blue. Indicate the safest places to travel. "Circular traffic" "Cycle path" "Pedestrian path" "Move straight or to the right" "Move to the right or left"
Slide 8
Signs of special regulations
Special regulations signs introduce or cancel certain traffic modes. "One-way road" "Bus and (or) trolleybus stop" "Pedestrian crossing" "Artificial hump" "Residential area"
Slide 10
Service marks
Indicate the location of corresponding objects
Slide 11
The city in which you and I live can rightfully be compared to an alphabet book. With the alphabet of streets, avenues, roads, the city gives us a lesson all the time. Here it is, the alphabet, above your head: Signs are hung over the pavement. Always remember the alphabet of the city, so that trouble does not happen to you.
(Ya. Pishumov)
Slide 12
Be careful and careful on the city streets!
Slide 13
Resources used: http://www.prav-net.ru/dorozhnye-znaki/ http://grigtanya.ucoz..yandex.ru/yandsearch?source=wiz&fp=0&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calend. ru%2Fimg%2Fcontent_images%2Fi3%2F3195.jpg&text=%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B4%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD %D0%BA%D0%B8&noreask=1&pos=18&lr=10902&rpt=simage http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?source=wiz&fp=1&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fs56.radikal.ru%2Fi152%2F0904% 2F08%2F4ed1101438f9t.jpg&uinfo=ww-992-wh-620-fw-767-fh-448-pd-1&p=1&text=%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B4%20%D0%BA%D0%B0 %D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8&noreask=1&pos=46&rpt=simage&lr=10902 http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?source=wiz&fp=2&img_url= http%3A%2F%2Fwww.o-detstve.ru%2Fassets%2Fimages%2Fforteachers%2FDOU%2Fprezentacia%2F4310_m.jpg&uinfo=ww-992-wh-620-fw-767-fh-448-pd-1&p=2&text= %D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B4%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8&noreask=1&pos=64&rpt =simage&lr=10902 http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?source=wiz&fp=3&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fs60.radikal.ru%2Fi169%2F0911%2F96%2Fb45504595360.jpg&uinfo=ww-992-wh- 620-fw-767-fh-448-pd-1&p=3&text=%D0%BF%D0%B4%D0%B4%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8 %D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8&noreask=1&pos=108&rpt=simage&lr=10902
Class: 3
Presentation for the lesson
Back forward
Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
Lesson objectives:
educational
- introduce road signs and their classification;
- remember the rules of safety and behavior on city roads;
educational:
- cultivate a sense of respect for one’s health;
- develop the ability to work in pairs, groups, individually;
- cultivate interest in the subject;
developing:
- develop the ability to answer questions correctly, clearly and logically
- enrich vocabulary;
- open the mind;
- learn to generalize and highlight the main thing;
- develop the skill of self-control.
Equipment: computer, multimedia presentation, picture - road patrol inspector, cards with images of road signs, books “Road Rules” as amended on November 20, 2010, notebooks, textbook, envelopes with assignments for groups.
Lesson type: study and initial consolidation of new knowledge.
Nature of student activities:
- reproductive;
- partially search.
- Working with the textbook.
- Peer review of written assignment completion.
- Conversation.
- The use of object and picture clarity.
- Verbal.
- Role-playing game.
- Frontal conversation.
- Observation.
- Independent work in groups.
Forms of organization of cognitive activity.
- Frontal.
- Group.
- Steam room.
During the classes
1. Updating knowledge.
U. Today, guys, we have an important guest in class.
Slide 1
Look at him carefully. What do you think is his profession?
Children's answers.
U. This is the Inspector of the Road Patrol Service. How did you determine?
U. What does he do?
Children's answers.
D. He keeps order on the road.
U. He came to our lesson to find out how you follow the rules of the road and whether you know how to behave correctly on the road.
We are all road users, and I am an assistant (the teacher puts on his cap and picks up the baton) traffic inspector
Who can be called road users?
Children's answers. (These are pedestrians, passengers, drivers)
Slide 2. Car. Road. A pedestrian
U. How inseparable these three words are. Today we will continue to talk about their relationship, because discipline on the streets, roads and in transport is the key to safety.
U. As soon as we go out onto the street, we immediately become pedestrians. Is it easy to be a pedestrian?
Let's remember the rules for pedestrians:
On which part of the road is traffic moving? (On the pavement or along the carriageway)
On which part of the road do pedestrians move? (On the sidewalk)
Which side of the sidewalk should pedestrians walk on? (Right)
Where should you cross the street? (Along a pedestrian crossing with white zebra stripes or an underground passage)
How to cross the street correctly? (Look to the left, go to the middle, look to the right)
At any intersection
We are greeted by a traffic light.
And it starts very easily
Conversation with a pedestrian.
What is the traffic light talking to us about?
Children's answers. (How to cross the road correctly)
U. Transport (Slide 5) and pedestrian traffic lights are installed on the roads. (Slide 6)
Game “Continue the sentence...”. (Slide 5)
Slide 7, 8 (historical background)
U. Do you know what a traffic light looked like before, 100 years ago? Let's get a look. (Slide 8)
The first traffic light in Russia was installed in 1929 in Moscow. It had the shape of a circle divided into three equal parts: red, yellow, green. The regulator turned the arrow to the desired color.
Attention! Our traffic police inspector asked us to look into the situation that occurred at the intersection.
Who crosses the road observing traffic rules?
Who violated? What was the violation?
Children's answers.
U. Tell me, who else besides a traffic light can help pedestrians and drivers on the roads?
Children's answers. (Adjuster)
But you can’t put a traffic light or a traffic controller at every kilometer, which means we need other assistants on the roads.
2. Introduction to the topic.
Guess the riddle.
Day and night in the rain and cold
We serve the road
We are known all over the planet
Adults and even children.
If we are not followed,
You may be very late.
Who are these tireless helpers?
Children's answer. (Road signs)
U. Road signs are a wonderful invention. They are understandable without words to residents of all countries. Moreover, they are the same in different countries.
Slide 12. (Signs of different countries)
Slide 13. (Historical reference)
In 1909, at the International Conference of Motorists in Paris, the first four road signs were approved
Look, these are ancient signs and are written according to the spelling rules accepted in that distant time
Road signs are divided into several groups.
Slide 14.(Classification)
U. Guys, let’s say in unison the names of the groups into which all the signs are divided
U. Open the textbook, p.14.
So, the warning signs.
Let's read about them in the textbook. (Read aloud)
So what are these signs warning us about?
The very name of these signs tells us, be careful, we are warning you about the danger that may come your way.
What shape and color are the warning signs?
Name the warning signs.
What kind of sign is installed near schools and kindergartens?
Children's answer. (Children sign)
U. Next group - prohibition signs.
Slide 16
Name the prohibition signs.
Read about them yourself in the textbook, page 15.
What can you say about prohibition signs?
Children's answers.
U. These signs prohibit us; they say we cannot overtake, enter, etc.
Formulate the meaning of signs using the word it is forbidden
What shape and color are prohibitory signs?
U. All attention to the board! The inspector asks you to carefully look at the warning and prohibition signs. What do they have in common?
Children's answers. (They have a red border)
U. So these signs are very important. They are like a red traffic light. They say stop. Which signs are more strict? Why?
Children's answers. (Prohibiting. They prohibit doing some actions, they say that this cannot be done.)
Physical education minute
U. Let's continue the conversation about road signs.
Let's consider the following group of signs.
What are these signs?
Mandatory signs - they say, follow the instructions strictly. Name the signs.
What shape and color are the prescriptive signs?
Read about them yourself in the textbook, p. 15
Find the answer in the textbook to the question: What do they mean? arrow signs inside the blue circle?
Children's answers . (Which direction should you move)
What kind of signs are these: blue, square or rectangular in shape? Refer to the textbook for help. Find the name of this group of signs.
Children's answers. (Information and directional signs)
(The teacher takes the book “Road Rules” from the exhibition)
There were changes in the traffic rules on November 20, 2010 and these signs began to be called simply information signs. Let's look at these signs. Name them.
What are the service marks?
What do you think they tell the driver on the road?
What color and shape are they?
Children's answers.
Draw children's attention to the “Camping” sign.
Vocabulary work.
Camping is a place to relax.
Conclusion: What groups are road signs divided into?
Children's answers.
U. Are there signs on the walls in the classroom? Name them and answer which group they belong to.
What road signs do you see on the way from home to school?
Children's answers.
Work in notebooks
Let's open the notebook, from 10, task 2. Let's read.
Take colored pencils. Color the signs.
Compare your answers with the slide. Slide 23
Raise your hands who did everything without mistakes.
Say which group each sign belongs to.
Game “Help the inspector install road signs.” Slide 24–31
Road users! Trouble has happened! Help the inspector install road signs!
Lesson summary.
Slide 32
U. Why are road signs needed? Maybe you can do without them?
Children's answers.
U. Guys, our Road Inspector is pleased with your work. But he offers to complete another task .
Game “Road Signs” Work in groups.
Checking by groups. Slide 33–37
Reflection.
Prepare signal cards - traffic lights. Game “Is the statement true” If true, the signal is green, and if not, the signal is red.
1. Road signs are different in every country.
Yes; No.
2. Warning signs are white triangles with a red border.
3. Prohibition signs are blue rectangles or squares with various designs.
Yes; No.
4. Service is service.
5. Does the “Brick” road sign indicate a bus stop?
Yes; No.
6. The “Pedestrian crossing” sign looks like this, a red triangle with a picture of a person.
Yes; No.
7. All road signs are important - without them it is impossible to drive safely on the roads.
U. Well done! The traffic inspector was pleased with your knowledge, you are well versed in the Rules of the Road. He hopes that the traffic lights and road signs will become your true friends, there will be no traffic rule violators among you, and he gives you the following homework.
When you walk down the street and look around, you see road signs everywhere. They are of different colors and different shapes. They tell us what to do in a given situation. A very important science - Traffic Rules. And everyone, without exception, must comply with them. Drivers and pedestrians need to know what lies ahead on the road.
Currently, there are the following groups of road signs: warning, prohibitory, prescriptive, informational, service signs, priority signs, special instructions signs, additional information signs. We all need to know the signs, so that when we go to the market, we won’t be left without legs or shoes.
Warning signs. They are triangular in shape with a white background and a red border. Signs in this group warn of approaching danger on the road. For example: “road works”, “railroad crossing”, “be careful, children!”, “rough road”. What kind of miracle is this, two humps like a camel? This sign is triangular. What is it called?
Prohibition signs. The strictest signs! These signs are round in shape with a red border with a white field inside and a red stripe crossed out from left to right down. These include, for example: “pedestrian traffic is prohibited”, “cycling is prohibited”, “passage is prohibited”. The man on the red circle - This means that it is dangerous to walk here, In this place, friends, No one is allowed to walk!
Mandatory signs. These signs indicate places for pedestrians, cyclists, roundabouts, and avoiding obstacles on the left. They have a round shape and a blue background. Belka and I are rushing in a circle, As the arrow shows, The dog cannot catch up with his friend, Because we are rushing in a circle.
