Interesting presentation about Russian antiquity. Presentation on the topic "the roots of Russian antiquity." Rich and golden Maslenitsa pancake

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Under each composition there is a text that helps to better understand the content: “Christ was born!”, gouache, Nastya Krupina, 8 “B” grade, school. #6 “The calm in the vicinity of Bethlehem was disturbed by a movement in the skies. The stars seemed to tremble. “Don’t be afraid,” the angel sang. “Listen, for I bring everyone the good news of great joy - the birth of Christ!” “Christmas Songs”, helium pen, Zhenya Sudilovsky, 8 “B” grade, school. No. 6 “The Christmas holiday, the whole world seemed to be singing. In the heavens, the stars and planets danced in magical circles. Below, churches and cathedrals echoed them with Christmas hymns.”

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What culture can exist without folklore? On cold winter evenings, young people gathered for gatherings in a hut that was bought from some lonely old woman. Songs, games, dances, fortune telling, fortune telling, caroling - this is Christmas folklore. This is how people in Rus' spent time on Christmas evenings. We showed similar scenes at Christmas gatherings.

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The people have celebrated the winter holidays, and the earth and people are waiting for spring! Maslenitsa has arrived! The people devoted seven days to the celebration and each day had its own significance.

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“Folk festivities”, “The flirtation of the young”, “Mother-in-law’s pancakes”, “Burning of Maslenitsa” these are the names of the works that we prepared for Maslenitsa.

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Maslenitsa was widely celebrated in Rus' - unbridled folk fun with songs, rituals, buffoon games, carols. It’s not for nothing that our people still retain sayings to this day: “It’s not life, but Maslenitsa,” “Not everything is Maslenitsa for the cat.” The real Maslenitsa holiday took place in our elementary school. We wrote a script for it. Scenario plan for “Maslenitsa”: 1. The appearance of buffoons to folk music. 2. General dance with buffoons. 3. Carrying out Maslenitsa and the song “And we were waiting for Maslenitsa” (performed by a folk group). 4. The exit of the mummers. 5. Games: “Stream”, “Carousel”, etc. 6. General song “Pancakes”. 7. Competitions: “Sharp Shooter”, “Tug of War”, “Ball”. 8. Boys and girls sledding. 9. Farewell to Maslenitsa (burning). Song “Farewell, Maslenitsa” (performed by a folk group). 10. Festive feast.

Slide 1 “Russian folk life” for children of senior preschool age
Slide 2 Goals and objectives of creation: To promote in children the fundamentals of museum culture;
introduce children to the basics of national culture and life.
Introduce Russian folklore.
Draw the attention of parents to the history of our country.

Slide 3 Exhibits.
 Model of a Russian stove.
 Model of a Russian hut.
 Wooden chest.
 Household utensils.
 Woven products.
 Visual and didactic aids.

Slide 4 Russian hut.
In the old days, houses were built quite quickly. The huts were built from pine or spruce. Moss was also used, which was placed between the logs
The huts were built without using nails.
The hut, standing on stones, sometimes did not touch the ground, the wind was blowing under it, which is why it did not rot, but it was warm thanks to the second, black floor. The density of the floor was such that water did not flow through the cracks.
The roof, like the entire hut, was made in such a way that the next part would hold onto the previous, lower one.

Slide 5 Russian stove.
The ancient Russian stove was a home hearth - a source of warmth and comfort. The stove very early became an important element of interior decoration.

Slide 6 Wooden chest.
Chests are a mandatory part of the hut. They stored clothes, canvases and other household utensils. Chests were made large and small.

Slide 7 Russian folk costumes.
Russian folk costume is, first of all, a peasant costume. The clothes of a Russian peasant woman, even everyday ones, were decorated with love. But the dress designed for the holidays looked especially impressive.

Slide 8 Kitchen utensils.
Without a samovar, like without bread, the hut looked incomplete. The shapes and volumes of the samovar were endlessly varied.
The first and second were cooked in a cast iron - they were placed on the stove or in the oven. Wow, they were sent
in hot weather, pots of food.
Mortar and pestle.
Used for grinding grain into cereal, crushing flax and other semi-finished products

Slide9 Wicker, knitted, woven products.
A rug woven from shreds; they covered the floor and benches.
A towel, a loaf of bread was carried out on it and the hut was decorated.

Slide 10 Clay and wooden toys of various crafts.
Clay Dymkovo toys are elegant, bright, giving people a feeling of celebration.
Matryoshka is a real Russian beauty. Rosy-cheeked, in a smart sundress, with a bright scarf on her head.

Slide 11 Wicker products made from birch bark.
The bast shoes were woven from linden bast. Bast shoes could be in the form of shoes with low sides.
Birch bark box, it was stored in
Food.

Slide 12 References:
1. B. A. Rybakova Ancient Rus'. Life and culture.- M.: Nauka, 1997.-368 p.
2. V.I.Belov. Lad: Essays on folk aesthetics. - M.: Mol. Guard, 1982. 293 p.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Glory to Russian antiquity! Technology teacher of the municipal educational institution "Krasnolimanskaya secondary school in the village of Krasnoarmeysky, Romanovsky district, Saratov region" Zhuk T.E. 2014

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Intellectual and educational game KVM-ZS Look back at our ancestors, at the heroes of past days. Remember them with a kind word, Glory to them, stern fighters! Glory to our side! Glory to Russian antiquity!

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Club of cheerful craftsmen and antique experts Hello, friends! Today is an interesting day at our school. We have prepared a fun, wonderful holiday - KVM-ZS

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1st reader. Look back at our ancestors. To the heroes of days past. Remember them with a kind word - Glory to them, stern fighters! Glory to our side! Glory to Russian antiquity! And I will begin to talk about this antiquity, So that people can know About the affairs of their native land... 2nd reader. In a narrow monastery cell, within four blank walls, a monk wrote down about the land, about ancient Russian stories. He wrote in winter and summer, Illuminated by dim light. He wrote year after year about our great people. Leading. Goy, you are our nice guests, kind, dear children! I will tell you about Holy Rus', about distant times unknown to you. Once upon a time there lived good fellows, beautiful and beautiful maidens. And they had kind mothers, bearded, wise priests. They knew how to plow the land, mow grass, cut down houses and towers, they knew how to weave canvases and embroider them with patterns.

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QUIZ – WARM-UP. An ancient name for bread. Transfer from generation to generation of customs, skills, rules. An object or figurative sign that has a protective value. Loom. People's craftsman. Ironing item, wooden iron. This is how the settlement was called in the old days. This is the same word we now use to call precipitation. What is this word? Name the Russian version of the Latvian proverb: “If you don’t stretch out your hand, you can’t get it from the shelf.” Another name for a towel.

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Towel Fantasies flight and handiwork With delight I hold in my hands... Fortunately, the beauty of aging does not know, Love for beauty lives for centuries.

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History of the towel A woman in ancient Rus' was revered as the custodian of rituals that ensured the benefit of the family and the entire clan. She had been preparing for this since childhood. From the age of 8-9, girls sat down at the hoop and mastered the art of embroidery and the secrets of magical signs, and at the same time prepared a dowry for their weddings. Ancient embroidery is a kind of secret writing system, where paper is replaced by homespun cloth, and ink is replaced by cotton or woolen threads. The expression “to scribble a letter” meant in those distant years to embroider symbolic signs. It was believed that patterns embroidered on the eve of spring have the most beneficial powers. In later times, the sun was symbolized either by a firebird dropping warm rays of feathers or by a zealous fire-breathing horse. In general, birds symbolized warmth, light, and wealth in ancient patterns. If paired or fused birds were depicted, the pattern was embroidered as a good wish to the bride and groom. Towels played a special role in various rituals, the purpose of which was sometimes very far from the present one. By the wedding day, the girl had to embroider at least 40 towels, in order not only to present gifts to all the groom’s relatives, but also to perform wedding rituals. She gave the biggest “handicraft” to her fiancé as a sign of her and her parents’ consent to the marriage. During the trip to the crown, they decorated the arches of the wedding cart. Towels with certain patterns accompanied a person throughout his life. They were used in maternity and baptismal rites, and after the death of a person, a special towel was hung outside the window or placed on the windowsill for 40 days so that the soul of the deceased would enter the house through it. The towel was considered a symbol of ancestors; it was, as it were, an intermediary between the living and the founders of their family. Towels made on the same day or night had special magical powers. In the old days, great importance was attached to the color of embroidery. White color was a symbol of light, happiness, abundance. Red meant fire and sunlight, which had many wonderful properties. (The threads were dyed red with dyes from female scale insects collected from the stalks of St. John's wort). The towels depicted the idea of ​​a three-tiered world, which our ancestors believed in - the upper tier (the world of the gods), the middle tier (the world of the living), the lower tier (the world of the dead). Each tier on the towel was necessarily separated from each other by embroidered stripes or missing ones; the symbols of the upper or lower tiers were never connected to the middle one.

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Rushnik Towels depicted the idea of ​​a three-tiered world, which our ancestors believed in - the upper tier (the world of the gods), the middle tier (the world of the living), the lower tier (the world of the dead). Each tier on the towel was necessarily separated from each other by embroidered stripes or missing ones; the symbols of the upper or lower tiers were never connected to the middle one.

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Village hut With verb, purse and timber The house was built with a carved porch. With deliberate peasant taste and each with his own face

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There is an old legend that the world began with a tree. Its trunk is the axis of the universe, its roots went to mother earth, and its crown scattered as stars in the sky. The village is a wooden world, it begins with a tree, it is built with it, it is heated, it breathes, and in the old days the hut was illuminated by a torch. By erecting a house, a person seemed to be creating his own little Universe, symbolizing the connection of man with the cosmos, because in popular ideas the roof was associated with the sky, the log house with the earth, the underground with the underworld. Man sought to fill his home with images in order to attract the forces of light and goodness to the house, and to protect himself from evil forces. A hut is just a hut, but there are no alikes, just as there are no alike people. Each has its own face, its own posture: Now we know that in the eyes of our ancestors, the hut was the real Universe - with the sky (Prav), the earth (Yav), the “lower world” (Nav) and the cardinal points. At the same time, certain concepts were associated with the cardinal points. For our ancestors, the East and South symbolized sunrise, “red” spring, noon, “red” summer, life, warmth. In the south was the World Tree, near the top of which Iriy was located - the abode of the Gods, light, goodness. On the contrary, the west and north were strongly associated with the “death” of the sun, death, cold, darkness, severe winter, and dark gods. Every reasonable person tried to arrange and arrange his home in such a way that it would be as difficult as possible for the forces of evil, death, and cold to penetrate inside. And vice versa, so that the doors are wide open towards goodness, life, light. The Slavic huts were always facing south. It is now clear that the reason behind this lay deeper than just the desire to illuminate the home.

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mud huts Huts were cut down where there was forest. And where there was no forest, we had to look for other sources of raw materials. This is what our teacher Tatyana Egorovna Zhuk, who was born in the virgin steppes of the Volga region, told about.

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From the memoirs of Zhuk T. E Childhood. It's a good time. !954. Famous events, “raising” of virgin fallow lands. Everyone, at the call of the party, sought to take part in these events. My parents came on Komsomol vouchers to conquer virgin lands. They brought their little brother Sasha with them. And where? Not a single residential building, only pegs with signs: “State Farm Komsomolsky”, and tents, and also equipment: trucks, crawler tractors, seeders. They put them in a tent. And on the morning of the second day, they were already in the field. Dad is on a tractor, mom is on a seeder, and little Sasha is with a nanny. They fed them right in the field. The field kitchen arrived, just like at the front. Sowed. We processed it and harvested the first crop. Late autumn has arrived. Rain, cold, first frosts, winter is just around the corner. Living in a tent is impossible. Where to spend the winter? Two kilometers from the state farm there was a small village called Petraki, and it is still there. Yes, from 30 yards there are only 14 left, and the old-timers now live in good-quality houses. So my parents were sheltered by one grandmother. And she lived in a peasant hut-hut. I was born in this hut in November 1955. Why mud hut? Because it was built not from logs, not from bricks, but from adobe. Saman - clay, water and straw. Everything is mixed with feet, and whoever has horses, then use horses. This clay is spread out in a thin layer, chopped into bricks and dried in the sun. Here is the adobe ready for you. And they held it together with ordinary clay mixed with water. When the mud hut was ready, it was coated with the same clay: walls, ceilings and even floors. And they walked on this floor in felt boots. Covered with straw. And sometimes with reeds. Before the holidays, the floors were “washed” with liquid clay. They diluted ordinary clay in water, put a mitten on their hand and rubbed the floor with this mixture. They let it dry. And until the next holiday they just swept up the garbage with a wormwood broom.

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Russian oven If you want to eat rolls, don’t lie on the oven. Name the ancient utensils that peasants used?

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In that era, the stove was placed on the side opposite the entrance. That is, where trouble could creep up at any moment: cold, darkness, evil. Could the “kind” and “honest” Empress Pech, in whose presence they did not dare say a swear word, under which, according to the concepts of the ancients, lived the soul of the hut - the Brownie - could she personify “darkness”? No way. It is much more likely to assume that the stove was placed in the northern corner as an insurmountable barrier to the forces of death and evil seeking to break into the home. The stove was the second most important “center of holiness” in the house - after the red, God's corner, and maybe even the first; It is no coincidence that the expression “start from the stove” was born among the people, that is, from the very beginning.

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Red Corner The Red Corner (also known as “big”, “holy”, “God’s”) was located in the southern and south-eastern part of the room. This was an immutable rule. "More beautiful than a clear sun, clearer than a clear month - the red corner."

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Village hut. What was the most honorable place in the hut called? What was the name of a house made of adobe? 3. What was called the hut cap? 4. What was the name for a log house without a roof? 5. In which fairy tale did the hero ride a stove?

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Ancient cities Ancient cities, Bells ringing. Like birds - swans Suzdal and Rostov. On the wide Volga Tver and Kostroma, Carved turrets, Miracle tower

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Unusual words are written in a column. These are the names of Russian cities in which the letters are mixed up. In addition, each word has one extra letter, or maybe two. Restore the correct order of the letters and write down the resulting names. The extra letters will make up part of the name of another beautiful city, Nidorchegov, Vummor Regpeslaval N o v o g o d

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Unusual words are written in a column. These are the names of Russian cities in which the letters are mixed up. In addition, each word has one extra letter, or maybe two. Restore the correct order of the letters and write down the resulting names. The extra letters will form part of the name of another beautiful city. vekin midilavor duzosal n o v g o r o d

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“What is food?” Harness; Food; Fishing tackle. “What is a tank?” Roof; Round dance; Cloth.

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“What is a cage?” Lumber room; Dress; Rabbit. “Batog – what is this?” Armful; Stick; Textile.

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“Who works for whom?” he she 1. Cook - 1. 2. Singer - 2. 3. Tailor - 3. 4. Salesman - 4. 5. Pianist - 5. 6. Poet - 6. 7. Carpenter - 7. 8. Doctor - 8. 9. Machinist - 9. 10. Shoemaker - 10.

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Complete sentence 1. The tractor is driven by…. 1. driver. 2. Electric train…. 2.tractor driver. 3. Painted the walls…. 3. carpenter. 4. Planed the board…. 4. painter 5. Lights were installed in the house…. 5. miner 6. He works in the mine…. 6. fitter 7. In a hot forge…. 7. blacksmith 8. Who knows everything…. 8. well done

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A story about clothes A story about clothes at all times. About how she changed over the centuries. How necessary it is now, How important it was before... So, Let's begin the story about clothes.

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Russian folk costume Russian folk costume is a magic mirror that reflects the deep semantic traditions of the people, a holistic worldview and dazzling beauty.