In this lesson:
- Task 1. Calculate the number of main workers
Problem 1. Calculate the number of main workers
Calculate the number of main piece workers by profession and category, provided that the time budget for one worker is 1752 hours. Data for calculating the labor intensity of the production program are presented below:| Indicators | product A | product B | Average coefficient compliance with standards |
| production output, pcs. | 2000 | 5000 | |
| Labor intensity by type of work, standard hours | |||
| 4th grade lathes | 3 | 2 | 1,2 |
| milling machines 4th category | 2 | 2 | 1,1 |
| milling machines 6th category | 1 | 1 | 1,2 |
| drilling machines 3rd category | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| grinding machines 4th grade | 2 | 3 | 1,3 |
| grinding machines 6th grade | 1 | 2 | 1,2 |
| 8th grade assembly | 4 | 2 | 1,0 |
A comment.
Unfortunately, those people who teach at our universities have “just passed by the plant,” so they often do not understand the meaning of certain indicators. If on average (!!!) the norm is exceeded by 30%, then you need to fire the standard setter and carry out a complete re-standardization of the technological process, and not calculate the number of personnel based on these norm curves.
Teachers do not understand the reasons why such situations arise and, accordingly, cannot tell students about them. And what quality of specialist will come to work at the enterprise if he has no idea about this? He can’t even imagine... There can be a lot of possible reasons. One of them is when the workshop manager needs to encourage the grinder Vasya. The management does not give a bonus, and Vasya is a “good guy”. Then the rate-setter (at the direction of his superiors, and maybe even personal sympathies) overestimates the time standard for him and Vasya becomes a “production leader”, doing exactly the same work. Other workers see this, and after some time the circle of “advanced workers” expands within the limits of the personal sympathies of the standard setter and the shop manager. And everything would be fine, but... our production cycle suddenly increases, labor productivity drops, and production costs rise. And for the shop manager - it’s good, his plan was reduced in accordance with the labor intensity, Vasya - it’s good, his salary is higher. It’s only bad for the enterprise as a whole, but no one cares, right?
And you need to be able to manage such processes, identify them, find reasons... But why? It is more important for a teacher to teach a student how to add and subtract numbers! And then the workers in the workshop will be happy to “hang noodles on the ears” of such a “specialist”, quietly laughing behind his back at the “burdock”.
The "decision" itself represents the most idiotic thing an economist can do. If the norm is “exceeded” by 1.3 times, then fewer workers are needed by 1.3 times. (which is what workers with standardization achieve, receiving wages 1.3 times higher than the calculated one). In fact, a real management decision should look like this: “reconsider the entire wage system in the workshop and renormalize technological operations, bringing them into line with the real technical process, and wages in line with real market conditions.” But you need to think about it, and adding up the numbers is much easier...
Solution.
There should be 4th grade turners...
(2000 x 3 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.2 = 7.61 ≈ 8 people (rounding down, we would increase labor intensity by more than 10%)
Milling operators 4th category
(2000 x 2 + 5000 x 2) /1752 / 1.1 = 7.264 ≈ 7
Milling operators 6th category
(2000 x 1 + 5000 x 1) / 1752 / 1.2 = 3.33 ≈ 4
Drillers 3rd category
(2000 x 1 + 5000 x 1) / 1752 / 1 = 3.99 ≈ 4
It's funny, but the condition of the problem coincided with the situation in real life. The regular artificial increase in time standards always applies to “old” high-rank workers. And such “hazing” leads to the fact that newcomers (1-3 categories) are not able to earn normal money, since they are directed to the most “unprofitable” operations (k = 1). As a result, after working like this for a couple of months, the newcomer leaves. And the shop manager then makes “Yaroslavna’s cry” about the lack of workers. For this, they then regularly punish... personnel officers. And our “specialist” after the institute receives only the best reviews. Otherwise, they might send a competent specialist to the workshop...
Grinders 4th category
(2000 x 3 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.3 = 7.02 ≈ 7 people
Grinders 6th category
(2000 x 1 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.2 = 5.71 ≈ 6 people
8th grade collectors
(2000 x 4 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.0 = 10.27 ≈ 10 people
Task 2. Determine the number of workers based on the labor intensity of the production program
Calculate the planned number of workers based on data on the labor intensity of certain types of work. The annual effective working time of one average worker is 1675 hours. Other source data is shown in the table below.
t– total labor intensity of the production program for the accounting year. Measured in standard hours.
F ef.– effective (real) fund of the working time of one worker. Measured in hours.
To v.n.– the expected average rate of fulfillment of production standards by employees in the accounting year.
n– number of types of manufactured products.
t i– planned (normative) labor intensity of a unit of the i-th type of product. Measured in standard hours.
m i– the number of products of the i-th type. Measured in pieces.
Let's substitute the values into the formula.
Main slave. =(15+21+11+7+23)*70,000/1.08*1675=77*70,000/1809=
5,390,000/1809=2980 employees.
Answer: 2980 employees.
Task 3. Determine the number of cleaners and support workers
Determine the number of cleaners and auxiliary workers in the metal machining workshop based on basic data on service standards. The source data is shown in the table below. The workshop operating mode is one-shift.
|
Indicators |
Values |
|
Number of jobs in the workshop | |
|
Including places equipped with metal-cutting machines | |
|
Service standards for certain categories of personnel and workplaces: | |
|
Smazchikov | |
|
Adjusters | |
|
Electricians | |
|
Repairmen | |
|
Quality controllers | |
|
Zatochnikov | |
|
Transporters | |
|
Standard of service for cleaners, m2 | |
|
Average area of one machine operator's workplace, m2 | |
|
Average area of other workplaces, m2 |
Solution.
In order to find the number of cleaners, we need to find the area of the workshop.
S workshop = (number of workplaces in the workshop - number of workplaces equipped with metal-cutting machines) * average area of other workplaces + number of workplaces equipped with metal-cutting machines * average area of one machine operator's workplace.
Let's substitute the values into the formula
S workshop =(600-370)*8+370*15=230*8+5550=1840+5550=7390 m 2
|“Calculation of the number of employees of an organization”
Purpose of the lesson: mastering the methodology for calculating the number of employees of an organization.
Methodical instructions.
The need for personnel is a set of workers with appropriate qualifications who are objectively necessary to implement the goals and objectives of the organization, in accordance with the development strategy and tactics.
Determining the planned number of workers depends on the production program and the specifics of production, the nature of the production process and the labor functions performed by workers
H = T/(tr * Sq.n),
where T is the total time required to produce products – man-days;
tr – annual time fund of one employee according to the calendar schedule, days;
Kv.n – the average rate of fulfillment of the norm by an employee.
Example 1
Determine the required number of workers by profession.
According to the plan, the construction organization must complete:
Brickwork 7680 m 3 ;
Install precast reinforced concrete - 4840 m 3;
Plastering works – 70,000 m2.
Labor intensity for:
1 m 3 of brickwork - 0.51 person - day;
1 m 3 of reinforced concrete installation - 0.36 people - days;
1 m 2 plaster – 0.14 person – day.
The average coefficient of exceeding standards is 1.21. The planned number of working days per year is 230.
Solution
1 Determine the number of masons
H 1 = (Q 1 * tn) / (tr * Sq.n)
H 1 = (7680*0.51)/(230*1.21) = 3916.8/278.3 = 14 people
2 Determine the number of installers
H 2 = (Q 2 * tn) / (tr * Sq.n)
H 2 = (4840 * 0.36)/(230*1.21) = 1742.4/278.3 = 6 people
3 Determine the number of plasterers
H 3 = (Q 3 * tn) / (tr * Sq.n)
H 3 = (70000 * 0.14)*(230 * 1.21) = 9800/278.3 = 35 people
Conclusion: The number of occupations for the planning period is: masons - 14 people, installers - 6 people, plasterers - 35 people.
At individual production sites, the required number of workers can be determined by production standards
Н = Q/(Нв * Кв.н * tr)
where Q is the total amount of work in natural units;
Нв – production rate per shift, in natural units;
tr – number of working days in a year;
Example 2
Determine the required number of workers.
During the year, 43,600 m3 of brickwork was completed, the shift production rate was 24 m3, the rate was 120% fulfilled. The average number of working days per year is 225.
Solution
1 Determine the number of workers
H = Q/(Nv *Kv.n *tr)
H = 43600/(24*1.2*225) = 43600/6480 = 7 people
Conclusion: the number of workers is 7 people.
Example 3
Determine the average number of workers for the reporting year.
During the reporting year, workers of the construction organization actually worked 17,400 person-days. Holidays and weekends – 12560 person days. Absences for other reasons amounted to 10,400 people days. The average number of working days per year is 250.
Solution
1 Determine the average number of workers
HR = (17400 + 12560 + 10400)/250 = 40360 /250 = 161 people.
Conclusion: average number of workers in the reporting year
is 161 people.
The movement of personnel at the enterprise is characterized by the following coefficients:
1 Attrition rate:
Kv.k = Chuv/Chsr*100%
where Chuv is the number of workers dismissed for all reasons for a given period of time, people;
Chsr – average number of employees for the same period, people.
2 Reception rate:
Kp.k = Chpr/Chsr*100%,
where NPR is the number of employees hired during the period, people.
3 Staff turnover rate:
Kt.k = Ch, uv/Chsr*100%
where H, uv – the number of workers dismissed during the period for unscheduled reasons (at their own request, for violation of labor discipline), people.
4 Personnel stability coefficient:
Ks.k. = (1-H, uv/(H about sr+Chpr))*100%,
where N about avg – average number of employees in the previous period, people.
Example 4
Determine coefficients:
Staff turnover;
Personnel turnover;
Reception of personnel;
Disposals.
The average number of employees of the enterprise for the year is 740 people. During the year, 31 people resigned of their own accord, 14 people were dismissed for violation of labor discipline, 5 people were transferred to other positions. During the year, the company hired 49 people.
Solution
Kt.k = Ch, uv/Chsr*100%
Kt.k = 45/740*100% = 6%
2 Determine the personnel turnover rate
Ko.k = (∑Chpr-∑Chuv)/Chsr
Ko.k = (49-50)/740 = -1/740 = -0.0013
3 Determine the frame reception rate
Kp.k = Chpr/Chsr*100%
Kp.k = 49/740*100% = 6.6%
4 Determine the staff attrition rate:
Kv.k = Chuv/Chsr*100%
Sq.k = 50/740*100% = 6.8%
Conclusion: The staff turnover rate is 6%, the admission rate is 6.6%, and the departure rate is 6.8%.
Example 5
Determine the organization's losses from staff turnover.
In a construction organization, the average annual number of workers for the reporting year is 1,480 people. 97 people were dismissed at their own request, 11 people were dismissed for violation of labor discipline. A break in work whenever a worker moves from one organization to another is 19 days. The average number of working days per year is 250.
Solution
1 Determine the staff turnover rate
Kt.k = Ch, uv/Chsr*100%
Kt.k = 108/1480*100% = 7.3%
2 Determining losses from staff turnover
∆Ch = (D* Kt.k*Chsr)/tr
∆H = (20* 0.073*1480)/250 = 9 people.
Conclusion: losses due to staff turnover amounted to 9 people.
Practical work No. 5
“Calculation of the number of employees of an organization”
Determine the planned number of employees if it is known that it is planned to increase production by 20%, and production by 5%, using the data in the table.
In the reporting year, the workshop produced gross output worth 240 million rubles. with a payroll of 156 people. In the planned year, the production target is 750 products worth 450 thousand rubles. each. It is planned to increase work in progress by 40 sets, i.e. by 18 million rubles. The labor productivity target is 8%. How will the number (payroll) of workers change in the planning period?
The production plan has been increased by 16% compared to the reporting period and amounts to 2.4 million rubles.
Determine the required number of workers to fulfill the plan if it is known that labor productivity is expected to increase by 8% and that 725 people worked at the enterprise in the reporting period.
The average number of employees of the enterprise for the year was 600 people. During the year, 37 people resigned of their own accord, 5 were dismissed for violation of labor discipline, 11 retired, 13 entered educational institutions and were drafted into the armed forces, 30 people were transferred to other positions and other divisions of the enterprise.
Define:
A) staff attrition rate;
B) employee turnover rate.
The average number of employees of the enterprise for the year was 800 people. During the year, 43 people resigned of their own accord, 37 were dismissed for violating labor discipline, 15 retired, 12 entered educational institutions and were called up to serve in the army, 35 people were transferred to other positions within the enterprise. During the year, 53 people joined the company.
Determine coefficients:
A) staff turnover;
B) personnel turnover;
B) recruitment;
B) disposals.
Practical work No. 5 completed
With a rating of ______________________
Teacher___________________
To carry out the production process it is necessary
determine the number of main and auxiliary workers based on
from the data of the planned operational chart, taking into account the labor intensity,
effective time fund of one average worker
and service standards (for support workers).
4.1. To calculate the number of main and auxiliary
workers, we will determine the effective time fund of one worker per year.
The calculation results are presented in Table 4.
Table 4.1
| Categories of time | Plan |
| 1 Calendar fund, days | |
| 2 Weekends | |
| 3 Holidays | |
| 4 Nominal time fund, days | |
| 5 Annual leave, days | |
| 6 Time pool possible for use, days | |
| 7 Lost time for valid reasons, days (line 6 ∙ % of absences on assignment: 100) | |
| 8 Availability of time, days (line 6 - line 7) | |
| 9 Intra-shift losses, days (line 8 ∙ 2%: 100) | |
| 10 Length of working day, hours | |
| 11 Effective time fund [ (line 8 – line 9) ∙ 8 ] – 6 hours on holidays |
4.2. Let's calculate the number of main workers, Ch main, people By
professions according to formula (4.1)
Ch main = , (4.1)
de F eff- effective fund of time of one worker, hours.
The calculation results are presented in Table 4.2
Table 4.2
Ch main1= 17990/1626=10
The number of main workers is 28 people.
Number of jobs for controllers from the technical department
control (6% of the number of main workers) will be 1 unit.
4.3. To calculate the number of auxiliary workers
service standards are used.
The number of auxiliary workers should not exceed 10 -
15% from core workers. Calculation of the number of auxiliary
workers is carried out by the ratio of the number of services -
required units to the service standard.
The calculation results are presented in Table 4.3
Table 4.3
The number of support workers is 5 people.
4.4. We will draw up a staffing schedule for specialists.
The calculation results are presented in Table 4.4
Table 4.4
The number of specialists is 4 people.
4.5. Let's draw up a summary table 4.5 of the number of employees
production site
Table 4.5
The total number is 37 people.
The main goals established in the course of labor standardization are to achieve the best ratio of the amount of labor and its remuneration, which will result in finding a fair measure of wages and the degree of worker workload.
Labor standards prepared by economists establish the proportion “amount of labor / volume of product produced.” If you need to display labor costs, then use the characteristics of the volume of work produced or working time. Labor standards are the basic component of labor standards in a particular production environment. The most common norms:
- time;
- workings;
- service.
These standards help to assess the amount of labor expended and, therefore, characterize the amount of labor and the amount of labor, the absence of which makes it impossible to carry out the technological process. These standards make it possible to optimize the management process in the following areas:
- Forecast the necessary production costs;
- Calculate not only the number of required personnel, but also determine the structure according to the professional qualification principle;
- Optimally organize the management of the production process and promotion of products to the consumer.
In order to establish correct and scientifically proven labor standards, you must have a clear idea of what each standard specifically regulates, understand the calculation methods and conditions for applying each of the standards.
Standard time
Standard time- confirmed expenditure of personnel time to complete a unit of work (production of a unit of output). The unit of account is 1 part, 1 product, 1 production operation, provision of some type of service, etc. The unit of measurement of this standard is man-hours. If mining 1 ton of coal requires a miner to work for 1.6 hours, then it follows that the standard time for this type of activity is 1.6 man-hours.
To fix the time standard, strict timing of the production operation is carried out in combination with strict compliance with all technological conditions.
The calculation of the time norm N time is carried out as follows:
N VR = t os + t s + t about + t ex + t pt,
where t pz – preparatory and final periods of work;
t z – main time;
t ob – workplace maintenance;
t exc – necessary pauses for personal needs;
t pt – pauses specified by technology.
Time standardization provides an opportunity to develop production standards, assess the level of labor intensity of a product, and calculate labor productivity.
Production rate
Production rate– the volume of products/work of appropriate quality that is manufactured/performed per unit of time. A calculated time unit is considered to be any period of time convenient for these purposes - a shift, the time of a certain production cycle, an hour or other time period. Reflected production rate in units of the product produced - pieces, liters, etc.
The rate of production of N per shift is calculated according to the following scheme:
N in = T cm x H / N vr,
where T cm is the change value;
N – number of personnel involved in the technical process;
N time – standard time per unit of work (product).
As an example, let’s calculate the production rate for a mason who works independently for 8 hours, the time rate for 1 m³ of masonry is 5.3 man-hours:
H in = 8 x 1/5.3 = 1.5 m³
Thus, a mason must lay out 1.5 m³ of brickwork per working day.
This norm is applicable to representatives of those professions whose production activity is limited to performing one type of work in a standardized time cycle.
Standard of service
Standard of service– the rational value of subjects or objects (number of clients, workplaces, machines, etc.) served by an employee or personnel of an enterprise for 1 work cycle under the conditions of his workplace.
The measurement value for a given standard will be the number of clients, the number of equipment serviced, or the amount of area in the corresponding metric units, etc.
If the temporary standard for servicing a client or equipment is known, it is possible to determine this standard as follows:
N rev = T cm x K / N time. about.,
where T cm is the length of the working day;
K – coefficient characterizing the degree of use of working time;
N time about. – standard service time.
Using simple calculations, we will establish that if the machine operator’s service time standard is accepted at 0.65 hours. with a working time of 8 hours. (K = 0.97), standard of service will be:
N rev = 8 x0.97 / 0.65 = 12 machines
This standard is used in the case of assessing the work of workers in auxiliary professions: service personnel, repair crews, quality control inspectors, storekeepers, transport workers, etc.
The considered standards make it possible to carry out further calculations that determine the required labor productivity and reserves for wages. The method of their creation, adjustment, tension of norms become criteria for discussion during the conclusion of agreements on tariffs (collective agreements).
Reasoned norms make it possible to draw up an optimal task for the production period, avoid errors in planning, prevent large overfulfillment of planned tasks and, thereby, balance production, avoiding the creation of surplus parts and products, especially at intermediate stages of production.
Along with labor standards adopted by individual enterprises, there are uniform production standards and ENVIR prices calculated for enterprises in the same industry. They are established to standardize the most common types of work. When using these standards, the process of standardization at each specific enterprise is greatly simplified. ENVIR operates in all government organizations and enterprises of any departmental affiliation.
The methodology for determining the number of core workers depends on the nature of production processes and labor organization. In work of a technological nature, which is performed by piece workers and directly affects the object of labor with the help of equipment and tools, the number is determined, as a rule, based on the labor intensity of the work. In hardware and aggregate work, where the actions of workers consist mainly of managing mechanized and automated processes, the number of workers is calculated according to service standards or headcount standards.
1) When determining the number of main workers by labor intensity of work, the initial data are:
a. Volume of the production program
b. Time norm or production norm
c. Average number of hours worked per worker per year
d. Planned coefficient of fulfillment of production standards
The calculation of the main piece workers begins with determining the standard labor intensity of the production program. The initial data for this calculation are statements of norms and prices, on the basis of which the total norms of working time spent on individual parts, and then assemblies and products, are determined. First of all, the standard labor intensity of 1 part is determined by summing up the time standards for all operations of the technological process of its manufacture. By summing up the standard time costs for all parts (assembly, finishing and others), the final operation results in the standard labor intensity of manufacturing 1 product, on the basis of which the standard labor intensity of all comparable products is determined. If the standard labor intensity is given, then the number of main workers is calculated using the following formula:
Chpl.= Trnorm/(FRV*Kvn)
To determine the number of piece workers by profession and grade, it is necessary to calculate the labor intensity of the production program by profession and grade and determine the number of hours of work of 1 worker per year by profession.
2) According to production standards. The number of planned workers is calculated using the formula:
Chpl. = V/(Nv+Kvn+FRV
V - planned volume of work in accepted units of measurement
Нв – planned production rate in the same units for 1 hour (shift)
KVN – planned rate of fulfillment of norms
FW – planned working time fund for 1 average worker in hours (shifts)
3) According to service standards. In industries and industries with hardware processes, the number of workers is calculated according to service standards.
Chpl = ((M*S)/No)Ksp; But=FRV/Tno
M – number of equipment units
C – number of shifts
KSP – coefficient of payroll or coefficient of reduction of turnout to payroll
But – the standard of service, i.e. number of pieces of equipment that must be serviced by one worker (production team)
Tno – standard service time.
The service time standard is determined by technical standardization, taking into account advanced production experience, multi-unit service capabilities, rational distribution of labor, and combination of professions.
4) According to staffing standards. The number of main workers servicing an instrumental process or complex unit is calculated.
Chpl=M*S*Nch*Ksp
M – number of units
C – number of shifts
LF – standard of service, i.e. number of workers servicing one unit
The number of main temporary workers is determined in the same way as auxiliary workers.