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Constantly experiencing energy hunger, humanity is turning more and more attention to alternative energy sources. And in this regard, the World Ocean is an inexhaustible storehouse of energy resources. One of the most powerful sources of ocean energy is tidal currents.
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For centuries, people have speculated about the cause of sea tides. Today we know for sure that a powerful natural phenomenon - the rhythmic movement of sea waters is caused by the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun.
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The highest and strongest tidal waves occur in small and narrow bays or estuaries of rivers flowing into seas and oceans. The tidal wave of the Indian Ocean rolls against the current of the Ganges at a distance of 250 km from its mouth. A tidal wave from the Atlantic Ocean extends 900 km up the Amazon. In closed seas, such as the Black or Mediterranean, small tidal waves with a height of 50-70 cm occur. Tidal waves
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This is a special type of hydroelectric power station that uses the energy of tides, and in fact the kinetic energy of the Earth's rotation. Tidal power plants are built on the shores of seas, where the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun change the water level twice a day. Fluctuations in water levels near the shore can reach 13 meters. Tidal power plants
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Alternative energy sources are currently doing an excellent job. Wind and solar energy are mainly used as alternative energy. There is also the energy of ebbs and flows, which is used quite rarely. Although, it is this alternative method of generating energy that does not create noise, vibration, and also does not affect nature in any way. To create such sources of energy generation using the ebb and flow of tides, the costs are significantly high. But with the help of unique turbines that convert the movement of water into energy, the price range of such a system can be more affordable.
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Problems of modern energy and nature conservation Svetlana Kotova, Ekaterina Denisova Kurakhovskaya gymnasium “Prestige” Nature conservation Contents Modern energy. Problems and prospects Nuclear energy Alternative energy. Theory and reality Solar energy Wind energy Hydroelectric energy Tidal energy Wave energy Geothermal energy Hydrothermal energy Energy today and tomorrow Modern energy Experts have calculated that in the United States energy consumption is 6 times higher than the world average and 30 times higher than the level of developing countries Information that is offered to us scientists: 1. If developing countries were able to achieve an increase in consumption 2. Suppose that energy needs can be used, like mineral resources of the level of the United States, then proven oil, the entire mass of our planet. rate of increase, oil reserves would be depleted in If 7 years, natural gas - in 5 years, 3.coal At current rates of development, energy consumption will remain the same as production today, this is “fuel” 18 energy years. If we also take into account the potential reserves on Earth, which in 240 years will exceed solar energy, the total amount will be 342 years. Let's assume that while geologists have reached it unburned, then the natural gas should then last for 72 years falling on our planet; after 800 years, the energy released by our fuel reserves, say, for a million years. If we have its oil in ordinary wells for 60 years, and in all the shale and sand, where the sun comes from, in 1300 years - the full radiation of our galaxy. If we increase its consumption by only 2% per year (it is extremely difficult and expensive to pump out coal - for the entire 660 years, 350 coal is the approximate growth rate of the world population), then the reserves will be enough for 501 years... Home Nuclear energy By After long reflection, supported by experience, humanity will have to abandon nuclear energy for 3 reasons: 1. Each nuclear power plant, from the degree of reliability, 2. Regardless of the real danger, fuel is essentially stationary 3. Nuclear can be with atomic radioactive waste atomic bomb, which can be in any equally efficient power plants, which have been blown up by sabotage in the past, and used in nuclear power plants, and quite a lot of nuclear decades have accumulated by bombing from the air. bomb. will accumulate even more if nuclear energy takes a dominant position in the global energy balance. Home Alternative energy Energy of the planet's underground heat Solar energy Alternative energy based on the use of renewable energy sources Wind energy Sea wave energy Tidal energy Home Solar energy Solar energy alone could cover all conceivable energy needs of humanity for thousands of years to come Solar batteries have relatively low efficiency and very expensive to manufacture By placing solar installations on the roofs of houses and next to them, it is possible to provide heating for housing, heating water and operating household electrical appliances even in temperate latitudes, not to mention the tropics. The solar energy industry faces many difficulties with the construction, placement and operation of solar power plants on thousands of square kilometers of the earth's surface SOLAR ENERGY INSTALLATION Home Wind energy The potential of wind energy has been calculated more or less accurately: according to the World Meteorological Organization, its reserves in the world amount to 170 trillion kWh per year . Wind power plants are not harmless: they interfere with the flights of birds and insects, make noise, and reflect radio waves with rotating blades. environmental cleanliness The wind is very unpredictable - it often changes direction, suddenly subsides even in the windiest areas of the globe, and sometimes reaches such strength that it breaks windmills. Wind energy is highly dispersed in space, so wind power plants are needed that can constantly operate with high efficiency. WIND ENGINE Home HYDRO POWER PLANT HYDRO ELECTRIC PLANT (HPP), a power plant that converts the mechanical energy of water flow into electrical energy through hydraulic turbines that drive electric generators. Hydroelectric power plants are another energy source that claims to be environmentally friendly. At the beginning of the 20th century, large and mountain rivers of the world attracted attention, and at the end of the century, most of them were blocked by cascades of dams, providing incredibly cheap energy Home page Hydroelectric power Advantages Disadvantages Hydropower resources are considered a renewable source of energy Construction takes a very long period and is very expensive Hydroelectric power plants produce the cheapest electricity The creation of large reservoirs leads to the flooding of valuable lands Reducing environmental pollution. The construction of dams interferes with the natural migration of fish Fuel saving Water used in turbines Fuel saving of hydroelectric power plants becomes “dead”, all microorganisms die in it Damage to agriculture and nature from the construction of dams Home Tidal energy Ebbs and flows can give humanity about 70 million billion kilowatt-hours per year Energy that can be provided by proven reserves of hard and brown coal taken together Strategy for optimal operation of the power plant: accumulate water in a reservoir behind the dam during high tides and spend it on electricity production when the “peak consumption” occurs in unified energy systems , thereby easing the load on other power plants. History of the creation of a wind farm Home Wave energy The principle of operation of a wind farm: A vertical pipe is installed on the bottom of the sea or lake, in the underwater part of which a “window” is made; getting into it, a deep wave (and this is an almost constant phenomenon) compresses the air in the mine, and it turns the generator turbine. During reverse movement, the air in the turbine is rarefied, driving the second turbine. Thus, the wave power plant operates continuously in almost any weather, and the current is transmitted through an underwater cable to the shore. Some types of wind farms can serve as excellent breakwaters, protecting the coast from waves and thus saving millions of dollars on the construction of concrete breakwaters. First wind farm Home Geothermal energy The underground heat of the planet is a fairly well-known and already used source of “clean” energy Reason: massifs heated to 180-200 ° C at a depth of 4-6 km occupy most of the territory of our country, and with temperatures up to 100- 150°C are found almost everywhere. In addition, over several million square kilometers there are hot underground rivers and seas with depths of up to 3.5 km and water temperatures of up to 200 ° C - naturally, under pressure - so that by drilling a trunk, you can get a fountain of steam and hot water without any electric heating plants. If you want, let it go directly to heating buildings, or if you want, to use turbines in power plants History of geothermal energy Home Hydrothermal energy Water is always at least a few degrees of heat, and in the summer it heats up to 35° C. Why not use some of this heat? Reason: Hot steam, which is formed as a result of heat exchange, condenses, its temperature rises to 110 ° C, and then it can be used either on the turbines of power plants, or to heat water in central heating batteries to 60-65 ° C. For every kilowatt - An hour of energy spent on this nature gives 3 kilowatt-hours! Using the same principle, energy can be obtained for air conditioning in hot weather. Such installations are most effective when there are large temperature differences, such as in the seas: at depth the water is very cold - about 4 ° C, and on the surface it heats up to 35 ° C, i.e. the temperature difference is as much as 30 ° C. Home Energy today and tomorrow Home End The work was performed by: Denisova E., Kotova S.
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