Work at height is carried out in various industries and areas of human activity: from construction to science and entertainment. But despite the variety of tasks and conditions, there are a number of general methods for ensuring safety when working at height.

Safety systems for working at height can be divided into several types:

• restraint systems;
• safety systems;
• positioning systems;
• rope access systems;
• evacuation and rescue systems.

The choice of the system or systems used is made based on the task at hand, the configuration of building structures, the architecture of the building, available supports for installing anchor devices, duration of work, etc.

Restraint systems

Restraint systems limit the area of ​​free movement of the worker, preventing him from being at risk of falling. If the restraint system is used correctly, the worker simply physically cannot fall over the height difference.

Compound:

• holding lanyard or traction rope, carabiners (connecting and shock-absorbing subsystem);
• restraint or safety harness.

Restraint systems do not place large loads on the worker's body, so both a safety harness and a restraint and positioning harness can be used. The worker's harness is connected to the anchor device using a restraint or safety lanyard. It is allowed to use slings with a length adjustment device. Petzl JANE and Petzl GRILLON slings are suitable for organizing restraint systems.

To expand the area of ​​possible movement of a worker, flexible or rigid horizontal anchor lines can be used. In this case, the worker will move along the anchor line.

It must be understood that the restraint system is not, in principle, designed to stop a fall, but only to prevent it. Therefore, in the area of ​​possible movement of the employee there should be no unstable surfaces, openings, open hatches, etc. There may also be a risk of falling when approaching the corners of buildings.

Unacceptable use of restraint systems

Safety systems

Safety systems should be used whenever there is a risk of a worker falling. Their purpose is not just to stop a fall (asphalt can do this too), but to do it safely. The dynamic load on a worker when stopping a fall—the braking force—should not exceed the safe value of 6 kN.

When using safety systems, it must be used safety harness. Fall arrest devices must be attached to the employee's harness at attachment points located on the chest or back, marked with the letter A.

Safety systems usually use shock absorbers that absorb some of the energy during a fall and reduce the braking force to a safe 6 kN. When activated, the shock absorbers extend. It is necessary to take into account the extension of the shock absorber when calculating the amount of free space under the worker. If there is insufficient headroom, the worker may hit the floor or other obstacles before coming to a complete stop.

Let's consider existing ways of organizing safety systems.

Safety system using a safety lanyard

Compound:

• anchor device, horizontal anchor line;
• safety lanyard with shock absorber, carabiners (connecting and shock-absorbing subsystem);
• safety harness.

The worker's harness is connected to the anchor device or horizontal anchor line using a safety lanyard. The lanyard must be equipped with a shock absorber, which reduces the force of the dynamic impact on the worker in the event of a fall. Using a double-legged safety lanyard, you can move in space while maintaining a constant connection to the support.

Safety system using a safety lanyard

Using a double-arm safety lanyard, you can move in space while maintaining a constant connection to the support

Application of horizontal anchor line

Belay system using a slider type belay device

Compound:

• anchor device, vertical or inclined anchor line;
• slider-type safety device, shock absorber (connecting and shock-absorbing subsystem);
• safety harness.

A safety device (for example, Petzl ASAP) moves freely along the anchor line following the movement of the worker, but if the worker falls, it is automatically fixed and stops the fall. Safety systems using slider-type PPE and vertical anchor lines are used during roofing work, when climbing stairs to a support, and when working on inclined surfaces.

Use of a belay device on inclined and vertical anchor lines

Safety system using retractable PPE

Compound:

• anchor device;
• Retractable PPE;
• safety harness.

PPE of the retracting type is attached to the support, and the cable or sling coming out of it is attached to the worker’s harness. When a worker moves, the cable is automatically extended from the block or retracted into it depending on the direction of movement. In the event of a fall, the automatic braking system stops the fall. Some retracting-type PPE models provide a smooth descent system to lower the worker to the ground at a safe speed.

Positioning systems

Compound:

• anchor device;
• lanyard for positioning, carabiners (connecting and shock-absorbing subsystem);
• harness for holding and positioning.

Positioning systems are used to fix the worker at height and provide support for work, while minimizing the risk of falling below the support point by adopting a certain working posture for the worker. Such systems are used when a worker has support under his feet, but to maintain a stable position requires holding on with his hands. A striking example is work on towers and cellular masts. The positioning system allows you to free your hands for work.

The use of a positioning system requires a mandatory safety system.

For positioning, slings of adjustable and fixed length are used.

The positioning lanyard can be attached to the support in a circumference, or using an anchor device.

Positioning a worker using a Petzl GRILLON sling,
the safety system is represented by a flexible anchor line and a Petzl ASAP belay device

Rope access systems

Rope access systems allow you to reach the work site by ascending or descending along a rope - a flexible vertical or inclined anchor line. Such systems are a last resort solution when other access methods such as scaffolding, cradles or lifting towers are not practical.

To lift and lower a worker along vertical (more than 70º to the horizon) and inclined (more than 30º to the horizon) planes, as well as to perform work while suspended in an unsupported space, a rope access system is used, consisting of anchor devices and a connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, slings, ropes, carabiners, descending device, lifting device).

Work using rope access systems is carried out with the mandatory use of a safety system, consisting of an anchor device, a connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, shock absorber, slings, ropes, carabiners, catcher, safety harness).

It is not permitted to use the same rope simultaneously for the fall arrest system and the rope access system.

Rope access systems use a harness combined with a sitting harness. Fall arrest devices are attached to the thoracic or dorsal attachment point, marked with the letter A. Lifting devices (clamps) and lowering devices are attached to the attachment point located in the abdomen.

When working in a suspended state for a long time, it is necessary to use a work seat to prevent circulatory problems.

Evacuation and rescue systems

Before carrying out any work at height, an evacuation plan should be developed in the event of a hazard. The evacuation plan must ensure that the victim is brought to the ground within 10 minutes to prevent suspension injury. In the absence of a simple, quick and safe escape route, personal rescue devices can be used to allow the worker to independently descend from a height.

A rescue plan must also be developed in the event that an employee falls and hangs on the safety system, or if it is impossible to independently descend from a height due to injury or poor health. For this purpose they are used rescue kits, which may include anchor devices, ropes, descending devices, special winches, pulley systems (for example, Petzl JAG RESCUE KIT).

Petzl JAG RESCUE KIT

Very effective pre-installed rescue systems- in this case, devices for descent are pre-built into the safety system or rope access system in such a way that, if necessary, the worker can be evacuated at any time. The anchor lines are secured using lowering devices, and their length is selected with such a margin that it is enough to lower the worker to the ground. This method requires a longer anchor line, but in the event of an accident, it allows the worker to be lowered in a matter of minutes. Evacuation can be carried out from a safe place, without climbing to a workplace at height.

Pre-installed rescue system

Slings for holding or positioning of constant or adjustable length, including elastic slings, slings with a shock absorber and traction safety devices can be used as slings for the connecting and shock-absorbing subsystem of the restraint system.

103. Positioning systems, according to graphic diagram 2 of the safety systems for working at height, provided for in Appendix No. 12 to the Rules, are used in cases where it is necessary to fix the working position at height to ensure comfortable work in support, while minimizing the risk of falling below the point support by the worker adopting a certain working position.

The use of a positioning system requires a mandatory safety system.

As the connecting and shock-absorbing subsystem of the positioning system, connectors from slings for positioning of constant or adjustable length should be used, but slider-type protective equipment on flexible or rigid anchor lines can be used.

104. Safety systems, according to graphic diagram 3 of the systems for ensuring the safety of work at height, provided for in Appendix No. 12 to the Rules, are required to be used if, based on the results of an inspection of the workplace, a risk of falling below the support point of an employee who has lost contact with the supporting surface is identified, while their use minimizes the consequences of falling from a height by stopping the fall.

A safety harness is used as a harness in safety systems. The use of strapless safety belts is prohibited due to the risk of injury or death due to the impact on the worker's spine when stopping a fall, the worker falling out of the safety belt, or the impossibility of a long-term static stay of the worker in a suspended state in the safety belt.

The connecting-shock-absorbing subsystem of the safety system necessarily includes a shock absorber. The connecting-shock-absorbing subsystem can be made of slings, exhaust safety devices or slide-type protective equipment on flexible or rigid anchor lines.

105. The location of the type and installation location of the anchor device of the safety system prescribed in the PPR at the height or work permit must:

a) ensure a minimum fall factor to reduce the risk of injury to the employee directly during the fall (for example, due to impacts on elements of the object) and/or at the moment the fall is stopped (for example, due to the impact that stopped the fall);

b) eliminate or minimize the pendulum trajectory of the fall;

c) ensure sufficient free space under the worker after stopping the fall, taking into account the total length of the lanyard and/or traction rope of the safety device, the length of the activated shock absorber and all connectors.

106. Anchor lines, ropes or stationary guides of specific designs must meet the requirements of the manufacturer’s instructions, which determine the specifics of their application, installation and operation.

107. The action plan in case of an emergency and during rescue operations must provide for the implementation of measures and the use of evacuation and rescue equipment that allows for the evacuation of people in the event of an accident or accident during work at height.

108. To reduce the risk of injury to a worker who remains in the safety system after stopping a fall in a suspended state, the evacuation plan must include measures and means (for example, self-rescue systems) that allow the worker to be freed from hanging in the shortest possible time (no more than 10 minutes).

109. The composition of rescue and evacuation systems, according to graphic diagrams 4 and 5 of the safety systems for working at height, provided for in Appendix No. 12 to the Rules, must include:

a) additional or already used, but designed for additional load, anchor devices and/or anchor lines;

b) backup restraint systems, positioning systems, access systems and/or fall arrest systems;

c) the necessary means of lifting and/or lowering, depending on the rescue and/or evacuation plan (for example, winches, blocks, tripods, lifts);

d) stretchers, splints, immobilization devices;

d) medical kit.

110. Depending on the specific conditions of work at height, workers must be provided with the following PPE - compatible with fall protection systems:

a) special clothing - depending on the impact of harmful production factors;

b) helmets - to protect the head from injuries caused by falling objects or impacts on objects and structures, to protect the upper part of the head from damage by alternating electric current with voltages up to 440 V;

c) safety glasses, shields, protective screens - for protection from dust, flying particles, bright light or radiation;

d) protective gloves or mittens, protective creams and other means to protect hands;

e) special shoes of the appropriate type - when working with the risk of foot injuries;

f) respiratory protection equipment - from dust, smoke, vapors and gases;

g) individual oxygen devices and other means - when working in conditions of probable oxygen deficiency;

h) hearing protection;

i) protective equipment used in electrical installations;

j) life jackets and belts - in case of danger of falling into the water;

k) signal vests - when performing work in places where vehicles are moving.

111. Workers performing work at heights are required to use protective helmets with a fastened chin strap. The internal equipment and chin strap must be removable and have devices for attachment to the helmet body. The chin strap must be adjustable in length, the method of fastening must allow it to be quickly detached and prevent the helmet from spontaneously falling or moving from the worker’s head.

112. When using rope access systems (depending on the facility, time of year and climatic conditions), workers are provided with special shoes with anti-slip properties in accordance with the manufacturer’s operational documentation.

The lanyard of the safety system for electric and gas welders and other workers performing hot work must be made of steel rope, chain or special fire-resistant materials.

114. Workers without the required PPE or with faulty PPE are not allowed to work at height.

V. Special labor protection requirements imposed

to perform work at heights

Rope access system

115. The rope access system, according to the graphic diagram provided by Appendix No. 14 to the Rules, can be used only if an inspection of the workplace indicates that when performing work, the use of other, safer methods and equipment is inappropriate.

To lift and lower a worker along vertical (more than 70° to the horizon) and inclined (more than 30° to the horizon) planes, as well as to perform work while suspended in an unsupported space, a rope access system is used, consisting of anchoring devices and connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, slings, ropes, carabiners, lowering device, ascent device).

Work using rope access systems is carried out with the mandatory use of a safety system, consisting of an anchor device, a connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, shock absorber, slings, ropes, carabiners, catcher, safety harness).

It is not permitted to use the same rope simultaneously for the fall arrest system and the rope access system.

116. Work using a rope access system at height requires the development of a work permit at height and is carried out in accordance with the work permit.

117. Places and methods of fastening the rope access system and the safety system to the anchor devices are indicated in the PPR at the height or work permit.

The rope access system and the fall arrest system must have separate anchor devices. Attachment points are suitable if each can withstand a load of at least 22 kN without failure.

If the action plan in case of an emergency and during rescue operations involves attaching rescue and evacuation systems to the attachment points used during the work, then they must withstand a load of at least 24 kN without destruction.

118. In places where the rope can be damaged or pinched, rope protection must be used.

119. All ropes (flexible anchor lines) secured at one end must have end stops, for example, a knot, to prevent the possibility of passing the end of the rope when descending. In accordance with the recommendations of PPE manufacturers, the limiter on the rope can be combined with a weighting agent.

120. When work is performed simultaneously by several workers, work of one worker on top of another vertically is not allowed.

121. The use of nodes for attaching the connecting subsystem to the anchor device in rope access systems is unacceptable. Knots used for hanging tools, equipment, fixtures and materials, as well as guys used on ropes, must be indicated in the PPR at a height and must not unintentionally come loose or come undone.

122. In exceptional cases (emergency evacuation, threat to life), taking into account the risk assessment of falling from a height, permission may be given to use only one rope for simultaneous use in the rope access system and the fall arrest system.

123. When working using a rope access system for more than 30 minutes, a work seat must be used.

124. A work seat that is not structurally part of a safety harness must have back support in the lumbar area. To improve ergonomics, the work seat may include a height-adjustable footrest (footrest).

125. Rope access systems predominantly use static ropes made from synthetic fibers. The use of steel ropes is permitted using appropriate ascent and descent devices.

The length of the ropes used both in the rope access system and in the safety system used together with it, as well as methods for increasing their length necessary to perform the work, are determined by the PPR at height.

126. When there is a break in work during a work shift (for example, for lunch, according to working conditions), team members must be removed from the workplace (from a height), the components of the safety systems must be removed, and the ropes of the rope access system must either be raised or access must be prevented strangers to them. Team members do not have the right to return to the workplace after a break without a responsible performer. Admission after such a break is carried out by the responsible performer of the work without registration in an admission order.

Requirements for labor protection of workers when moving

on structures and high-rise objects

127. To ensure the safety of a worker when moving (ascending or descending) along structures at height, in cases where it is impossible to organize a safety system with its anchor device located on top (fall factor 0), work safety systems can be used, according to graphic diagrams 1 and 2 at the heights provided for in Appendix No. 15 to the Rules, self-insurance or ensuring safety from below by a second worker (insurer), according to graphic diagram 3 of safety systems for work at heights provided for in Appendix No. 15 to the Rules.

128. When using self-insurance, the employee must have group 2 or higher and ensure continuity of insurance through his actions.

129. To ensure safety when moving (climbing/descending) a worker on structures and high-rise objects, the second worker (insurer) must be equipped with an independent anchor device to which a braking system with a dynamic rope is attached. One end of the rope is connected to the safety harness of the ascending/descending worker, and the second is held by the belayer, ensuring reliable retention of the first worker without sagging (loosening) the rope. Graphic diagrams of various braking systems, their characteristics, the ratio of forces occurring on anchor devices depending on the bend angles of the safety rope and the tugging force are provided for in Appendix No. 16 to the Rules.

When climbing along structural elements in cases where the safety of the belayer is ensured from below, the climbing worker must install additional anchor devices with connectors on the structural elements every 2 - 3 m and pass the rope through them.

When ensuring the safety of an ascending/descending worker, the worker performing the functions of a belayer must hold the safety rope with both hands, using hand protective equipment.

An employee performing the functions of an insurer must have group 2 or higher.

130. The safety of a worker moving along a tree must be ensured by a second worker (insurer). A worker climbing a tree must install additional anchor devices with connectors on the tree every 2 - 3 m and pass a rope through them.

When performing tree trimming directly from a tree, the worker must use a positioning device or be held by a belayer using a rope through an anchor device secured to the tree above the tree trimmer's shoulders.

Both workers must have group 2 or higher and undergo special training in safe methods and techniques for performing the work of pruning (felling) trees.

Rigid and flexible anchor lines

131. For safe transition at height from one workplace to another, safety systems must be used, which include rigid or flexible anchor lines as anchor devices.

132. Anchor lines of specific designs must meet the requirements of the manufacturer’s technical specifications, which determine the specifics of their application, installation and operation.

133. Anchor lines must be equipped with a device for attaching them to the structural elements of a building or structure. When used in a rope structure - a device for tensioning it, providing ease of installation, removal, rearrangement and the ability to change the length of the rope depending on the distance between the attachment points.

134. The design of the anchor line parts must exclude the possibility of injury to the worker’s hands.

135. The mass of the rope as a whole should be established by standards or technical specifications for ropes of specific designs.

136. If it is impossible to install crossing bridges or when performing minor work that requires the worker to move at height within the workplace, and when the possibility of the worker sliding along an inclined plane is excluded, anchor lines located horizontally should be used.

Strapless harness- a safety belt, including: a load-bearing belt covering the waist or chest of a person. The design has a lanyard attachment point and may have positioning lanyard attachment points to secure the worker in the workplace. For use as a restraint harness only.

Webbing harness with shoulder and hip straps - a safety belt, including: a load-bearing belt covering a person’s waist, having shoulder and hip straps. Used for holding and insurance.

Restraint harnesses

The meaning of the concept of "restraint" is to limit the movement of a worker in a safe working area without the risk of him falling. The definition of the use of this element of the safety system is described in the regulations governing this type of harness GOST R EN 358, Whereby “Restraint harnesses (waist belts) are used for movement restraint (a method by which a person is protected by PPE from entering areas where there is a risk of falling) and for work positioning (a method that allows a person to work while supported by PPE while in a tensioned state in such a way that falls are prevented).

Thus, a restraint harness cannot be used as a fall arrest device and may, in particular, be used to position a worker without the risk of him falling from a height.

Harnesses

The definition of a safety harness is specified in the regulatory GOST R EN 361 and it sounds like this: “full body harness - a component of a safety system for covering the human body to prevent falling”. The point of this definition is that it is possible to relatively safely stop a worker from falling from a height when using a harness as a component of the system.

Harnesses always have main straps that cover both the legs and the chest. They also necessarily have one or more subsystem fastening elements, marked with the capital letter A. The fastening element is located on the chest and/or back.

A safety harness can be used to position a worker at the workplace (with leg support) if it has a wide waist belt with attachment points for a positioning lanyard (type B attachment points).

Safety harnesses that can be used in rope access (in particular when performing work in an unsupported space) must ensure a safe and comfortable stay for the worker in a suspended state (in the absence of support for the legs). Such harnesses usually have in their design both a waist sash and leg and chest straps reinforced with wide pads.

Seated and positioning harnesses

This class of harnesses is regulated by the standard GOST R EN 813 and defines the use of such straps for “convenience of placement in the required working position and in restraint systems where a low attachment point is required.” Thus, the standard defines the scope of their use only as harnesses for convenient positioning, which makes their use justified when working on masts and poles, as well as when working on trees (arboriculture).

The use of this type of harness as a component of safety systems is prohibited, but they can be supplemented with chest straps and be part of a safety harness that meets the requirements of GOST R EN 361.

Harnesses are the main and mandatory component of the safety system. The use of different types of harnesses for use as fall protection PPE depends on the location of the work and the risks. The main types of harnesses are for positioning, restraint and fall prevention.

Full body harnesses are safety harnesses and must comply with GOST R EN 361 (European equivalent of EN 361). Such harnesses are applicable for both supported and unsupported spaces; they ensure reliable safety of the worker in the event of a possible fall from a height with the risk of a large (relatively) jerk factor. In addition, all harnesses certified to this standard can be used not only as a component of a fall arrest system, but also in restraint systems.

Harnesses without chest straps (lower harnesses) and belts are regulated by the GOST R EN 358 standard (European analogue of EN 358) and provide only positioning at the workplace and/or keeping the worker in a safe zone.

Harnesses for working in a sitting position that comply with the GOST R EN 813 standard are used for work that requires increased comfort during a long stay in an unsupported space or when positioning at the workplace. In particular, harnesses that are both certified and most effectively used when working with rope access systems (industrial mountaineering).

All presented harnesses comply with the requirements of the CU TR, which confirms the availability of appropriate certificates.

You can buy safety, restraint, and positional harnesses from our company by using the tools of the electronic catalog or by sending us a free-form application.

Occupational Safety Standards System

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION MEANS FROM A FALL FROM A HEIGHT.
LENS AND RESTRAINT SLANGS AND POSITIONING

General technical requirements.
Methods tests

EN 358:1999
Personal protective equipment for work positioning and prevention of falls from a
height - Belts for work positioning and restraint and work positioning lanyards
(IDT)

Moscow Standardinform 2009

Preface

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying national standards of the Russian Federation are GOST R 1.0-2004 “Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"

Standard information

1 PREPARED by the working group of the subcommittee PC 7 of the Technical Committee for Standardization of Personal Protective Equipment TK 320 “PPE” based on its own authentic translation of the standard specified in paragraph 4

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization of Personal Protective Equipment TK 320 “PPE”

3 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 18, 2008 No. 486-st

4 This standard is identical to the European standard EN 358:1999 “Personal protective equipment for work positioning and fall prevention. Leashes to hold and positioning at the workplace and slings for the worker positioning"(EN 358:1999 "Personal protective equipment for work positioning and prevention of falls from a height - Belts for work positioning and restraint and work positioning lanyards").

When applying this standard, it is recommended to use instead of the reference European and international standards the corresponding national standards of the Russian Federation, information about which is given in the supplement.

The name of this standard has been changed relative to the European standard to bring it into compliance with GOST R 1.5-2004 (clause 3.5)

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index “National Standards”, and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notifications and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

4.1.1.3 The fastening and adjusting elements of the lap belt must be designed and manufactured so that, when properly secured, the element cannot be released or opened inadvertently. If the fastening or adjusting elements can be secured in more than one way, the lap belt shall comply with the performance requirements of this standard for each possible fastening method. 4.1.1.4 Visual inspection of the lap belt and all its connections must be possible even when the belt is incorporated into clothing or when it is a component of a harness. 4.1.1.5 A lap belt intended for work positioning and without a back support must have a width of at least 80 mm. 4.1.1.6 The back support, if provided on the lap belt, must be designed to provide physical support to the user without restricting the movement of the arms or legs. The minimum length of the back support must be 50 mm greater than half the circumference of the belt when it is adjusted to the maximum radial length (waist size) specified by the manufacturer. The width of the back support must be at least 100 mm in the 200 mm long section centered on the user's back and must be at least 60 mm at other locations. 4.1.1.7 If the lap belt is equipped with shoulder straps or leg straps, they must not impair the use of the lap belt in any way. No connecting elements must be connected to the shoulder strap or leg strap. 4.1.1.8 If the lap belt is incorporated into another protective device, such as a full body harness (EN 361), the lap belt shall comply with the performance specifications specified in . 4.1.2 Work positioning lanyard 4.1.2.1 A fixed-length work positioning lanyard shall comply with the requirements of EN 354. It shall be designed for a specific purpose, which shall be specified by the manufacturer. The length of such a work positioning lanyard should be kept to a minimum to achieve the specific purpose. 4.1.2.2 A work positioning lanyard equipped with a length adjuster shall be capable of being adjusted to a minimum length that provides freedom of operation and prevents the user from falling when the lanyard is combined into a work positioning system. 4.1.2.3 Each work positioning lanyard must be constructed so that the lanyard cannot inadvertently become detached when connected to the waist belt. The work positioning lanyard material must have an end stop such that the length adjuster, when installed, cannot be inadvertently detached from the lanyard. When a work positioning lanyard can be attached in more than one way, then the lanyard must meet performance requirements for each method of attachment. 4.1.2.4 The work positioning lanyard, equipped with a length adjuster, must be: a ) is permanently connected to the waist belt at one end and has a connecting element at the other end compatible with the fastening element mounted on the waist belt, b ) removable, in this case there must be connecting elements at each end of the lanyard, compatible with the fastening element(s) of the waist belt, or c) removable (and independent) in which at least one end of the work positioning lanyard must be capable of being attached to a suitable anchor point. The lanyard length adjuster must be able to be connected directly or through a removable lanyard with a maximum length of no more than 0.5 m to the waist belt fastening element. 4.1.2.5 Slings for work positioning, described in 4.1.2.4, items a) and b ) shall have a maximum length of not more than 2 m. The work positioning lanyards described in 4.1.2.4 c) shall have a length of 2 m for test purposes, but shall not have a specified maximum length if a size limit is specified by the manufacturer. 4.1.2.6 It shall be possible to perform a visual inspection of all elements built into the work positioning lanyard. 4.1.2.7 Work positioning lanyards shall meet performance specifications when tested with the type of lap belt with which they are intended to be used. 4.1.3 Materials 4.1.3.1 Fabrics and threads must be made from single fiber or multi-filament synthetic threads suitable for the intended use. The tensile strength of synthetic fibers must be known and must be at least 0.6 N/tex. 4.1.3.2 Threads used for stitching must be physically compatible with the woven tape and comparable in quality. They should be of a contrasting color or shade to provide visual verification. 4.1.3.3 When a work positioning lanyard is intended for a special use, then the material suitable for that use (for example, chain or wire rope) shall be specified by the manufacturer. 4.1.3.4 The material used in the production of the work positioning lanyard must have a breaking load of at least 22 kN. 4.1.4 Connecting elements Connecting elements must comply with EN 362. 4.1.5 Thermal resistance A protective device that is claimed to be suitable for use in a high temperature environment (e.g. fire fighting) shall be tested in accordance with EN 137 clause 6.3.1.4 and shall not continue to burn for more than 5 s after being removed from the test flame. 4.2 Performance characteristics 4.2.1 Static strength 4.2.1.1 The lap belt shall be subject to the static strength test in accordance with 5.2.1 and withstand a force of 15 kN for 3 min without releasing the cylinder. 4.2.1.2 The work positioning lap belt with integral lanyard shall be subject to a static strength test in accordance with and withstand a force of 15 kN for 3 min without releasing the cylinder. 4.2.1.3 The work positioning lanyard with length adjuster must be subjected to a static strength test in accordance with and withstand a force of 15 kN for 3 minutes without failure. 4.2.2 Dynamic strength The lap belt and work positioning lanyard must be tested together in accordance with and must not allow the dummy to fall. 4.2.3 Corrosion resistance When tested in accordance with, each metal component of the lap belt and work positioning lanyard shall not show signs of corrosion that could affect its function. 5 Tests 5.1 Test equipment 5.1.1 Equipment for testing lap belts and work positioning lanyards shall comply with the requirements of EN 364 (clauses 4.1 to 4.7), and the use of an alternative (waist) dummy of 100 kg in accordance with EN 12277 may be used (see Figure 2). 5.2 Test methods for static strength 5.2.1 Waist belt 5.2.1.1 Install the waist belt and test cylinder into the test equipment (see Figure 1). Apply the specified test force between the test cylinder and the lap belt attachment member. Maintain the force for 3 minutes and observe whether the waist belt releases the cylinder. 1 - fastening element; a - a buckle that should not be in contact with the cylinder Figure 1 - Testing the lap belt for static strength 5.2.1.2 If the lap belt fastening elements differ in design or in the method of attachment to the belt, then the test is repeated for each type of fastening. A new lap belt is used for each test. 5.2.2 Waist belt with integrated lanyard for work positioning Install the waist belt with integrated work positioning lanyard and test cylinder into the test equipment (see Figure 2). Make sure that the length adjuster is at least 300 mm from the free end of the sling. This position is noted. Apply a force of 5 kN for 3 min between the test cylinder and the connecting element at the free end of the work positioning lanyard. Record any movement (slippage) of the sling material through the length adjuster. Any movement (slippage) through the length adjuster should be no more than 50 mm. Remove the load and immediately move the lanyard length adjuster for work positioning to the lanyard end stop. Apply the specified test force (15 kN) between the test cylinder and the connecting element at the free end of the work positioning lanyard. Maintain the force for 3 minutes and observe whether the cylinder releases the waist belt or lanyard for work positioning. 1 - connecting element; 2 - length regulator A - buckle, which should not be in contact with the cylinder Figure 2 - Static strength test of a lap belt with an integrated lanyard for work positioning 5.2.3 Removable lanyard for work positioning with length adjustment Install the sling for working positioning (see Figure 3). Make sure that the length adjuster is at least 300 mm from the free end of the sling. Mark its position. Apply a force of 5 kN for 3 minutes between the connecting element at the anchor point and the length adjuster. Record the movement (slippage) of the sling material through the length adjuster. The movement (slippage) of the material through the length adjuster should be no more than 50 mm. Remove the load and immediately move the lanyard length adjuster for work positioning to the lanyard end stop. Apply the specified force (15 kN) between the connecting element at the anchor point and the length adjuster. Maintain the force for 3 minutes and observe whether the work positioning lanyard breaks. 1 - length adjustment element Figure 3 - Testing the static strength of a removable lanyard for work positioning 5.3 Dynamic strength 5.3.1 General information 5.3.1.1 If it is necessary to test a waist belt without an accompanying work positioning lanyard, a climbing rope with a diameter of 11 mm, meeting the requirements of EN 892 Single Rope, shall be used instead of the lanyard for testing. If a lap belt with an integrated work positioning lanyard that is less than 1 m in length is required to be tested, a 1 m lanyard must be provided for testing purposes. 5.3.1.2 If the lap belt fastening elements differ in design or in the method of attachment to the belt, then the test is repeated for each type of fastening. For each test, use a new lap belt and work positioning lanyard. 5.3.1.3 When a work positioning cord is required to be tested without an accompanying lap belt, then a lap belt meeting the requirements of this standard connected to a torso dummy or a rigid steel weight of 100 kg shall be used for testing. 5.3.2 Test method 5.3.2.1 Attach the waist belt to the selected dummy. Attach a work positioning lanyard or climbing rope to the waist belt fastening element. Set the length of the working positioning lanyard or climbing rope (1 ± 0.05) m. Attach the connecting element at the free end of the working positioning lanyard to the anchor point of the structure (see Figure 4). 1 - length regulator; 2- mannequin Figure 4 - Dynamic strength tests for lap belt and work positioning lanyard 5.3.2.2 Suspend the dummy by its top attachment and lift it so that the strap attachment is level with the anchor point of the structure and as close to it as possible (without risk of contact during a fall). The dummy torso is held in place using a quick release device. 5.3.2.3 Release the dummy at no initial speed, feet first, to free fall approximately 1 m before the work positioning lanyard becomes taut. Observe whether the dummy will be released by the waist belt. 5.4 Corrosion resistance 5.4.1 Expose the sample to neutral salt spray for 24 h and dry for 1 h. The neutral salt spray test procedure shall be in accordance with ISO 9227. 5.4.2 When examining the sample, the presence of a white coating or tarnish is acceptable if the functioning of the element or component is not impaired. If it is necessary to gain visual access to the internal parts of a component, disassemble the device and inspect it as described. 6 Information provided by the manufacturer, labeling and packaging 6.1 Information provided by the manufacturer The information provided by the manufacturer shall comply with the relevant requirements of EN 365, where applicable, and shall additionally contain: a ) sizing details and instructions on how to achieve the optimal fit; b ) how to properly put on a lap belt; c ) information on the essential need for regular inspection of fastening and/or adjusting elements during use; d ) identification of fastening elements, the correct method of attachment to them and a clear and unambiguous indication of the purpose of each fastening element; e ) indication of the purpose and limitations of the product; f ) a warning that the equipment is not suitable for fall arrest purposes and that additional combinations of work positioning and movement restraint systems with collective protective equipment (e.g. safety nets) or with personal protective equipment (e.g. fall arrest systems) may be necessary for protection against falls from heights in accordance with EN 363); g ) instructions for positioning and/or adjusting the work positioning lanyard so that the anchor point is at or above waist level; the sling must be taut; free movement is limited to no more than 0.6 m; h ) information that the use of protective equipment must be carried out by properly trained and competent personnel or directly under competent supervision; g ) information about any restrictions on product materials or hazards that may affect the performance of materials, such as temperature, chemical agents, sharp edges, abrasion, cuts, ultraviolet radiation, etc.; l ) information on the expected service life of the protective equipment or recommendations on how it can be determined; n ) interpretation of markings; 6.2 Marking The markings of lap belts and work positioning lanyards shall be in accordance with EN 365 and in addition include the manufacturer's designation of the product model or a reference to the number of this standard. 6.3 Packaging Each waist belt and work positioning lanyard must be packaged in suitable moisture-proof packaging upon delivery. APP ZA (informative) Sections of this national standard containing essential requirements or other provisions of EEC directives This standard complies with the essential requirements of Directive 89/686/EEC. NOTE: Other European Union requirements and directives may apply to products conforming to this standard. The following sections of this standard comply with the requirements of Directive 89/686/EEC Annex II. Compliance with the requirements of this national standard provides one way of adapting to the special essential requirements of regulatory directives EFTA. Table ZA .1 European Union Directive 89/686/EEC Annex II Clause number of this standard 1.1 Design principles 1.1.1 Ergonomics 1.2 Safety of PPE 1.2.1.3 Maximum permissible interference to the user