INTRODUCTION
1. Socio-demographic characteristics of youth
1 Features of the socio-demographic group of youth in modern conditions
2 Concepts in the study of youth issues
1 Legal framework for social work with youth
2 The current state of social work with youth in the Russian Federation
CONCLUSION
LIST OF SOURCES USED
APPLICATION
INTRODUCTION
Youth plays a significant role in the socio-demographic, economic, political and cultural life of society. The role and importance of youth in society increases as its structures become more complex and developed.
Youth is a generation of people who are going through the stage of socialization, acquiring, and at a more mature age having already acquired, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions; Depending on specific historical conditions, the age criteria for young people can range from 14 to 30 years.
Today the youth of the Russian Federation is 39.6 million young citizens, i.e. 27% of the country's total population.
Social problems of young people are due to the fact that youth is closely connected with the idea of dependence. Most of the youth (students, students, etc.) have not yet been included in the production process and therefore “live on credit.” Most young people do not have personal autonomy in making decisions affecting their lives. Young people solve the problem of moral and spiritual self-determination. It is necessary to highlight that young people are faced with the problem of choosing a field of work, choosing a profession. Problems are also caused by the need for marriage choice and childbearing.
The degree of development of the study. In social work there is a direction dedicated to youth; many textbooks and teaching aids have been written (Volkov, Pavlenok, Vishnevsky, etc.). There are studies devoted to the problems of youth: I.M. Ilyinsky developed the concept of youth and the youth movement, K. Mannheim defined the purpose of youth.
The object of the study is social work with youth.
The subject of the study is forms of social work with youth in the context of public associations.
Purpose of the study: to analyze the features of social work
with youth.
characterize youth as a socio-demographic group,
analyze the legal framework for social work with youth,
identify the direction of social work with youth.
Methods that were used in the work: analysis of recent statistical data on young people, study and analysis of sources and legal framework, systemic-structural method, questioning.
All this determines the need for social work with this demographic group.
1. Socio-demographic characteristics of youth
1 Features of the socio-demographic group of youth in modern conditions
Studying trends in social changes among modern youth is impossible without considering the demographic processes occurring in society. Socio-demographic indicators of modern Russian society, on the one hand, are a consequence of the negative impact of transformation processes, on the other hand, a reflection of objective trends that are characteristic of many developed countries and have a general civilizational character.
Youth is a state at the stage of a person’s life when the social potential formed in “childhood” and “adolescence” enters its active phase in terms of changing the social status of a person, saturating his social life with social roles. On the other hand, “youth” as a concept has an evaluative meaning and refers to the characteristics of the entire age group of the population, which is usually called youth, and in this sense it has a single content. Therefore, it is used in relation to both 16-year-olds and 30-year-olds, i.e. “youth”, as a socio-demographic group of the population, is heterogeneous and has an internal structure: these are groups of young people by gender and age, by marital status and the amount of property a person owns, by level of education and qualifications, by occupation, etc. . Moreover, according to current legislation, the concept of “youth” includes people under 30 years of age, and the concept of “young family” includes spouses whose age does not exceed 35 years.
In this sense, the concept of “youth” contributes more to the understanding of youth as a social phenomenon. Youth is an organic part of various classes and social strata, ethnic and religious groups of the population, their product, the bearer of their qualitative characterological characteristics. At the same time, youth and youth, although they have their own specific interests and needs, reproduce the basic qualities of the social structure of society and social relations in general.
The concept of “youth” means not just a socio-demographic group, but a specific integrity that synthesizes the most typical properties of the subject, while the factor that unites youth into such integrity is the fact that they have specific, unique interests, both current and long-term .
Young people, in large part, have a level of mobility, intellectual activity and health that distinguishes them favorably from other groups of the population. At the same time, any society faces the question of the need to minimize the costs and losses that the country incurs due to problems associated with the socialization of young people and their integration into a single economic, political and socio-cultural space.
The German sociologist K. Mannheim (1893-1947) determined that youth are a kind of reserve that comes to the fore when such revitalization becomes necessary to adapt to rapidly changing or qualitatively new circumstances. Dynamic societies sooner or later must activate and even organize them (resources that in a traditional society are not mobilized and integrated, but are often suppressed).
Youth, according to K. Mannheim, performs the function of a revitalizing mediator of social life; This function has as its important element incomplete inclusion in the status of society. This parameter is universal and is not limited by either place or time. The decisive factor that determines the age of puberty is that at this age young people enter public life and in modern society for the first time encounter the chaos of antagonistic<#"center">1.2 Concepts in the study of youth issues
youth policy social
Among sociologists and demographers, discussions have been ongoing for more than three decades regarding the definition of the concept of “youth” as an age cohort and the age boundaries for this socio-age group of the population. Age cohorts are understood as “life stages, stages of an individual’s life cycle, identified in the sociocultural tradition of a given society, with which a certain range of activities, occupations, statuses, social roles, psychological comfort, worldview, and self-identification are associated.”
The age boundaries of the period of “youth” are quite flexible and are largely socially determined. In various spheres of a young person’s life in society, both the lower and upper limits of youth age are determined differently, and this period itself has different time durations. The lower limit in modern youthology, as a rule, is set according to biopsychic parameters: puberty, physical growth, the formation of a stable psyche and the transition to the internal problems of the individual, his self-determination in the world. The upper limit is associated with the onset of social “adulthood,” which is characterized by the fact that a person here has the right to freedom of choice and make independent decisions, as well as full responsibility for the results of his choice and actions to implement it.
Among scientists studying the problems of sociology of youth, V.T. Lisovsky was one of the first to define the concept of “youth”: “Youth is a generation of people who are going through the stage of socialization, learning, and at a more mature age have already acquired, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions; depending on specific historical conditions, the age criteria for youth can range from 14 to 30 years.”
Consideration of the concepts of youth makes it possible to determine its characteristics as an object of social work.
The first concepts of youth appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century, when in the USA (G. Stanley, Hall), and a little later in Germany (S. Bühler, E. Spranger, V. Stern, etc.) and Russia (V.I. Lenin, L. S. Vygotsky, A. B. Zalkind, etc.) three main directions of theoretical understanding of this phenomenon have formed:
) interpretation of youth as bearers of the psychophysical properties of youth;
) understanding of youth as a cultural group;
) comprehension of youth as an object and subject of the process of continuity and change of generations.
In my opinion, the concept of youth and the youth movement by I.M. is of greatest interest. Ilyinsky, recognized in the scientific community and one of the most influential in our country.
Generalizations by I.M. Ilyinsky’s relatively younger generation can with full justification be called a humanistic concept of youth. In it, the development of a young man’s personality and the formation of his vitality are placed in first place.
According to I.M. Ilyinsky, “youth is a special kind of value, it is the main value of society, it is not only a demographic concept, but also an economic, social, political concept.” If in society and in the activities of the state a focus is placed on youth, then this changes not only the future, but also the present, since politics begins to be built based on managing processes, on being ahead of events, pushing aside the policy of belated reactions to what has already happened.
Concept by I.M. Ilyinsky includes eight basic provisions:
Youth is an objective social phenomenon, always acting as a large specific age subgroup. The key to understanding the nature of youth is the dialectic of the whole and the part (“youth are part of society; youth are part of society”). The specific age-related problems of youth in any society are that:
a) youth is closely related to the idea of dependence;
b) most of the youth (pupils, students, etc.) are not yet included in the production process and therefore “live on credit”;
c) the majority of young people do not have personal independence in making decisions concerning their lives;
d) young people are faced with the problem of choosing a field of work, choosing a profession;
e) young people solve the problem of moral and spiritual self-determination;
f) they solve the problem of marriage choice and childbearing.
Youth is dual in nature: it is a biological and social phenomenon, which determines the connection between its psychophysical and social development.
Youth is a concrete historical phenomenon.
Young people are the bearers of enormous intellectual potential and special abilities for creativity.
Youth is both an object and a subject of socialization, which determines its social status.
Young people acquire subjectivity as they self-identify, become self-aware of their interests, and grow in their organization.
Young people are the bearer of processes that will unfold in full force in the future.
Youth is the object of complex, interdisciplinary research, which only in its entirety can give a fairly reliable picture of it. Concept by I.M. Ilyinsky is based on the innovative potential of young people, their political inexperience, romanticism, physical endurance, etc.
Thus, it is not enough to understand youth in the traditional sense, only as the future of society. It must be assessed as an organic part of modern society, bearing a special function, irreplaceable by other social groups, of responsibility for the preservation and development of our country, for the continuity of its history and culture, the life of elders and the reproduction of subsequent generations, and ultimately - for the survival of peoples as cultural -historical communities. Youth has its own special functions in society that cannot be replaced or implemented by any other socio-demographic group.
Based on the main characteristics of youth as a socio-demographic group, the goals and objectives of social work with youth are identified.
The purpose of social work with youth in Russia is:
development and realization of the potential of youth in the interests of stable democratic development of the country, ensuring its sovereignty, competitiveness and security.
The objectives of social work with youth in Russia are:
) creation of a system of services, proposals, and projects that are accessible and in demand by youth, promoting the process of social development of youth, ensuring that young people receive social practice and independent life skills;
) creating conditions for young people to independently solve their problems, including through increasing the subjectivity of youth public associations, developing student self-government;
) assistance in obtaining quality education, career guidance and employment for young people, and solving housing problems;
) ensuring the social and physical health of the younger generation, the formation and promotion of positive role models, fashion for a healthy lifestyle.
Social work with youth should not be built on guardianship and paternalism, but on stimulating the activity of young people themselves, creating conditions for independently solving the problems they face. Social work with youth is not focused on creating benefits for young people. This is a targeted and systematic investment policy that provides for investing in young people through the organization and stimulation of work initiated, organized and carried out, primarily by the youth themselves. Financing of youth work should be carried out from budgets of all levels and from extra-budgetary sources, based on the principles of investment, through the creation of effective mechanisms to ensure the effectiveness of this work.
To ensure its effectiveness, the adopted directions and programs of social work with youth must be systematic, long-term and stable.
To coordinate and develop the main directions of youth work, it is necessary to improve the structure of youth work management from the federal to the municipal level.
1 Legal framework for social work with youth
In modern state youth policy, the main Conceptual provisions are spelled out in the Resolution of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation of June 3, 1993. No. 5090-1 “On the main directions of state youth policy in the Russian Federation”, which until January 2005. was the main document dictating state youth policy.
Objects of state youth policy:
citizens of the Russian Federation, including persons with dual citizenship from 14 to 30 years of age during their stay on the territory of the Russian Federation, if this entails the responsibilities of federal government bodies;
young families - families in the first 3 years after marriage, in the case of the birth of children - without limiting the period of marriage), provided that one of the spouses has not reached 30 years of age, as well as single-parent families in which the father or mother has not reached 30 years;
youth associations.
Subjects of state youth policy:
state bodies and officials (by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 17, 2000 No. 867, the State Committee for Youth Policy was abolished, its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation);
youth groups and associations;
young citizens.
Principles of state youth policy:
a combination of state, public interests and individual rights in the implementation of state youth policy;
involving young citizens in the formation of policies and programs for youth;
ensuring legal and social protection of young citizens;
providing a young citizen with a state guarantee of a minimum of social services for training, education, spiritual and physical development, health care, and employment;
priority of public initiatives in comparison with the corresponding activities of government bodies and institutions when financing activities and programs related to youth.
Directions:
ensuring respect for the rights of young people;
ensuring employment guarantees;
promoting youth entrepreneurship;
state support for a young family;
guarantees for the provision of social services;
support for talented youth;
creating conditions for the physical and spiritual development of youth;
supporting the activities of youth and children's associations;
promoting international youth exchanges.
Implementation measures:
adoption of special legislation and other legal acts, decisions of local authorities and management;
introducing amendments and additions to legislation and other acts;
development and implementation of state youth policy of a comprehensive and targeted nature;
creation of the Russian Fund for Federal Youth Programs for the organization and financial support of priority youth development programs, as well as the formation of similar regional and territorial funds;
allocation of separate allocations in the federal and local budgets to finance activities in the field of youth policy;
creation of state bodies for youth affairs and social services of various profiles.
In 1994, the Federal Program “Youth of Russia” was adopted. To create a mechanism for solving youth problems, provide budget funds for the development of priority areas of youth policy.
In 1998, a new Federal program “Youth of Russia for 1998-2000” was adopted. Its main part was the formation and strengthening of legal, economic and organizational conditions for the civic development and social self-realization of youth. The program provided for the formation of a legislative and regulatory framework, the development and phased implementation of a long-term lending system and other forms of support for young people in order to obtain an education, support business activity, housing construction, and household management. Also, the formation of a system of bodies for temporary and secondary employment of youth, development of entrepreneurship. Development of conditions for spiritual and moral education, civic and patriotic formation of youth.
In 2005, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation approved the program “Youth of Russia for 2006-2010”.
An analysis of the three previous programs allows us to notice that the first two programs are aimed at creating a legal framework and a system of social services, and the third and subsequent fourth clearly highlight areas of support and social protection for youth.
The youth social protection system in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has an approved structure with a mandatory minimum for a city or region:
Comprehensive social service center (departments: social assistance at home, day care, temporary stay, urgent social assistance);
Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children;
Social rehabilitation center for minors;
Social hotel;
Social shelter for children and teenagers.
Currently, work continues on the regulatory legal support of state youth policy. A number of documents have been developed:
bill “On state support for young families in the housing sector” (together with the Committee on Women, Family and Youth Affairs of the State Duma of the Russian Federation);
project of the federal interdepartmental program “Students of Russia”;
draft Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On approval of model provisions on the establishment of bodies for youth affairs”;
draft Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On state support for ensuring temporary and seasonal employment and placement of students in temporary jobs during extracurricular hours”;
draft Concept of Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation;
an approximate provision on the certification of workers in the field of state youth policy, which will be included in the draft Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On improving the sectoral system of remuneration for workers in education and the field of youth policy”;
draft resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the support of student labor groups.”
The number of federal target programs, the implementation of which is coordinated by the Department of Youth Policy, has increased - the Federal Target Program “Youth of Russia (2001-2005)” was supplemented by the subprogram of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of the state program “Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation”, the subprogram “Providing Housing for Young Families” of the Federal target program "Housing" for 2002-2010. Under this subprogram “Providing housing for young families,” the Russian Ministry of Education held a competition to provide federal budget funds to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The procedure for providing subsidies to young families for compensation from the federal budget for part of the cost of housing in the event of the birth (adoption) of a child has been agreed upon. A Coordination Council for the implementation of the subprogram has been created.
In the field of supporting youth entrepreneurship and promoting youth employment, special attention is paid to supporting the movement of student groups, working and rural youth. Interdepartmental programs to promote youth employment have been developed and are being implemented; rallies and competitions of student teaching and labor teams are held.
The modern Strategy of state youth policy in the Russian Federation has been developed for the period until 2016 and defines a set of priority areas focused on youth.
The state youth policy implemented within the framework of the Strategy is designed to combine state and non-state resources, which assumes the interdepartmental nature of interaction in order to:
systemic involvement of youth in public life and development of independent life skills of young residents of the country, informing all young people about the opportunities for their development in Russia and in the world community, as well as a culture of using the opportunities for personal and social development created in the country, which will allow the young person to more fully realize their potential, will strengthen his confidence in his abilities and his future;
identifying, promoting, supporting activity and its achievements in the socio-economic, socio-political, creative and sports spheres, which will give young people the opportunity to express themselves, realize their potential and receive well-deserved recognition in Russia;
involving young people who have problems integrating into society into a full life.
To implement the priority area, including involving young people in public life and informing them about potential development opportunities in Russia, the following projects are envisaged: “Russian youth information network “New Look”; "Volunteer of Russia"; "Career"; "Young Family of Russia."
To implement the priority area, including the development of creative activity of youth, the “Team” and “Success is in your hands” projects are envisaged.
To implement the priority area, including the integration of young people who find themselves in difficult life situations into the life of society, the “Step Towards” project is envisaged.
2.2 The current state of social work with youth in the Russian Federation
Currently, a number of negative trends and phenomena are observed among the youth of our country.
a culture of responsible civic behavior, social activity and self-government skills are slowly developing;
the problems of a young family are getting worse;
the physical and mental health of the younger generation is deteriorating;
the criminalization of youth is growing;
the availability of quality education is decreasing;
income stratification among young people is growing;
there is a degradation of the employment structure, destruction of the work motivation of young workers - young people are integrated mainly into the sphere of exchange and redistribution;
The involvement of young people in the government system is minimal.
On the other hand, a number of positive trends are strengthening among young people:
the innovative potential of youth is developing;
independence, practicality and mobility, responsibility for one’s destiny, and receptivity to new things increase;
the number of young people choosing personal initiative as the main way to solve their problems is increasing;
the prestige of quality education and training is increasing;
the formal-status attitude towards education gives way to the practical use of acquired knowledge as the basis for personal and professional success and future well-being;
interest in improving one's health is growing;
modern Russian youth is becoming a full-fledged part
international youth community, actively integrates into global economic, political and humanitarian processes.
The development of positive trends and the use of the potential of youth innovative activity in the interests of creation and civic service can be sustainable only with the creation of an adequate system of participation of the state and society in the processes of socialization of youth, the formation of effective mechanisms of partnerships between the “adult” society and the new generations entering it.
In order to prevent neglect and homelessness of minors, a network of youth clubs, centers, and the yard sector in municipalities is being developed, social services for youth are being created, and the volunteer movement is being supported. According to data at the beginning of 2004, there are 1,542 youth social service institutions operating in the regions of the Russian Federation, operating in more than 20 areas.
In order to support talented youth and organize youth leisure, the Department of Youth Policy annually holds a competition of youth creative projects. An important component of programs for the development of leisure and artistic creativity for children and youth (Russian Student Spring, etc.) is work with youth media. In messages from youth information centers, much attention is paid to issues of creative festivals and competitions. In the regions there are programs of a non-governmental all-Russian public organization - the Russian Youth Union - “Student Science”, “Information Space”, “Law and Order in Universities”, “Employment”, “Student Camps”, “Movement of Pedagogical and Construction Brigades”.
The Association of Student Youth, part of the Russian Youth Union, helps create organizations in educational institutions that defend the rights and interests of student youth at various levels.
Modern phenomena - the growth of extremism and aggression among young people, the formation of asocial subcultures and countercultures - indicate the insufficient effectiveness of existing institutions of socialization and demonstrate their systemic crisis.
The destruction of traditional social ties and the state education system has significantly reduced the role of the previously dominant institutions of socialization - family, school, university, and enterprise.
The influence of such traditional institutions of socialization as the army and trade unions has also been largely lost. Public youth associations play an insufficient role.
The leading position in the formation of consciousness and worldview, life values, and role models has been taken by the media, which often exploit the base instincts of young people for the sake of their own commercial interests. The dominant products of mass consumer culture largely contribute to the growth of aggression and moral depravity among young people, reinforcing negative trends in them.
The task is to, by improving and developing institutions of socialization, achieve their balanced and productive influence on the processes of socialization of young people.
Meanwhile, today “the model of social work with youth in the Russian Federation that exists at the present stage does not meet the complexity and scale of the tasks facing Russian society and the state.”
The regulatory legal framework for state policy regarding youth in a number of areas exists, but it is fragmented, eclectic and requires changes, as it does not correspond to the modern political and socio-economic situation. It should be noted that the legislation regarding youth was basically formed before 1995.
The existing youth management bodies failed to ensure the proper level and scale of work, which to a certain extent was the result of frequent changes in management models. This has led to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of state policy towards youth and the real level of state influence on solving youth problems, as well as to a lack of interaction with other areas of state policy, and the artificial isolation of youth issues.
The unsystematic and multidirectional nature of practical actions and duplication in the activities of departments reduces the effectiveness of social work with youth. Systematic everyday social work with young people is being replaced by fragmented image-building activities.
Social work with youth in most regions of the Russian Federation and at the municipal level is also not systematic. It should be noted that in some regions it is quite diverse, and in terms of content and depth of solving youth problems, it is more productive than activities at the federal level.
Most youth and children's public associations are concentrated in large cities. In small towns and rural areas, youth associations are rather poorly represented.
At the same time, nationalist, extremist, and criminal youth formations are having an increasingly noticeable influence on young people.
Problems of a conceptual, strategic nature, legal regulation, financial and scientific support that have not been resolved at the federal level seriously reduce the effectiveness of social work with youth at all levels.
Social work with youth is also carried out by various public associations.
Public youth associations are the main form of self-organization of youth; their activities should be aimed at:
Increasing social activity of the younger generation, developing tolerance among young people;
Gaining skills for young people to effectively and efficiently integrate into modern life;
Participation of young people in the development and implementation of decisions in the field of state and municipal government, through work in public and government structures at all levels, through the development of student self-government;
Creating attractive models of positive activities and involving young people in them.
Public associations can be given resources to solve problems that they can handle on their own. At the same time, public associations take full responsibility for solving these problems with the help of the youth themselves.
Russia is undergoing a process of social transformation, striving to get rid of the remnants of totalitarianism and become a democratic state governed by the rule of law. Scientists tracking changes in the social order record the emergence of certain features of civil society.
Society is changing, and the role of man in it is changing. If previously a person was relegated to the role of a conscientious performer, now a person is an active transformer of social space. Personal activity is one of the basic characteristics of a person in modern civil society. This change increases human responsibility. It fills the concept of “citizen” with a new ethical and moral meaning. Thus, the famous sociologist V.T. Lisovsky writes: “A citizen is a member of a political community, having rights and obligations associated with his membership in it.” This interpretation reflects a two-way relationship between the individual and society. However, most Russians do not have a real awareness of this relationship (in our opinion), since the history of the Soviet Union presupposed a formal one-way relationship of subordination from the state to the individual. The citizen was a vassal of the state and gratefully performed his duty towards the state, which granted him certain rights. This was the case before the well-known perestroika events, when the image of the patron state was discredited. The unequal interaction was interrupted. The integrity of “individual-society-state” has been violated. People found themselves disunited and isolated from the state. According to data obtained in a monitoring study of identification processes, in 1992 not a single respondent said that he was a Russian, a citizen of Russia. The concept of a citizen has lost its social prestige and meaning for a long time.
The modern Russian has to restore lost connections in society and the state and, moreover, make them reverse: from the individual to society, and through it to the state. Much time will pass before every Russian person understands that the declared democracy as a connection between an individual, society and the state will be effective if and only when everyone realizes that he can influence the activities of the state and society, that he is the master of his own fate. A person who has achieved such awareness is a “new” citizen. The totality of such citizens constitutes civil society.
B.I. Koval writes that civil society is “the highest form of human solidarity in the modern world.” Solidarity is active sympathy, a state of personality when a citizen cannot fulfill his life program without the assistance, empathy, and help of others.
The first years of perestroika forced a person to withdraw, withdraw into himself, or, at best, realize himself within the framework of his family and circle of friends. The active position of a person in civil society brings a person to the public level of interaction. After all, democracy in its most primitive definition is the power of the people, and the people are a community conscious of unity, community, and solidarity. And it is useless to hope for the implementation of democracy before a sense of solidarity manifests itself.
Solidarity makes people unite. The moral of the children's fairy tale "Teremok" - "Better together" - is probably present in everyone. Guided by this principle, people unite within the framework of public organizations, associations, movements that increase the importance of each person, make them feel like a free, full-fledged subject of democratic governance, and therefore have the opportunity to be heard by the state. Democracy is a dialogue between the state and civil society, where everyone's voice is heard.
American political scientist D. Patrick notes: “Most theorists of democracy believe that a network of associations and organizations forms the basis of civil society.” Another American scientist R. Putnam insists: “People interested in democracy (its consolidation and effectiveness) must first of all contribute to the formation of civil society.” Long-term studies conducted by Putnam in Italy confirmed that a viable network of local voluntary organizations creates social capital - civic values, skills and knowledge, capital necessary for the consolidation of democracy. R. Putnam's conclusion is this: citizens, having acquired social capital through participation in civil society organizations, can later use it to strengthen democratic principles in government.
The issues of functioning of children's and youth public organizations are very relevant in our time. Against the backdrop of acute problems of budgetary financing of social programs, the crisis of the family institution, unfavorable demographic processes of reforming school education, the youth movement seems to be an effective channel for resolving or at least defusing the particular tension of some issues related to the successful socialization of the younger generation.
Among the many problems that can be solved through the active functioning of youth public formations, in the first place are the problems of civic and patriotic education of the younger generation of Russians. The true formation of civil society in our country is possible with the rooting of its traditions among the youth, therefore an organized youth movement is the primary condition for strengthening and developing democracy in the state.
The hopes that youth public associations can play a positive role in the educational process and make up for the lack of attention to children from the older generation are to some extent not groundless. The experience of the Soviet past confirms the validity of such hopes, bearing in mind the active activities of the All-Union Pioneer Organization and the Komsomol. However, the same history of the Pioneers and the Komsomol also speaks of significant shortcomings in the activities of these organizations. In new historical conditions, simply reproducing the organizational structures and forms of work of youth public associations is impossible and impractical, but their rethinking and reassessment is necessary. For example, the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, held in April 2003 in Chelyabinsk on the initiative of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and the Scientific and Practical Center SPO-FDO of the Federation of Children's Organizations of the Chelyabinsk areas.
The modern youth movement in Russia is contradictory. It involves associations that differ in the focus of their activities, age and numerical composition. According to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, “today in Russia there are more than 427 thousand youth and children's public associations of various territorial spheres of activity.”
So, the most important problem today is youth employment and self-realization. Youth public associations allow you not only to realize yourself, but also to gain a lot of experience for future not only political and professional activities. Since the problems of youth public associations have been dealt with by a rather narrow circle of scientists, as evidenced by the small number of monographs, it is necessary to study in this area to organize more and better amateur performances and self-organization of youth.
Based on existing definitions of such concepts as youth, public association, organization, it is possible to formulate a definition of a Youth Public Association. A youth public association is an association of youth (people aged 14 to 30 years), jointly pursuing interests, programs or goals based on certain norms and rules. One of the components of the social structure of society is an initiative, self-made, self-governing association of young people, whose common will is aimed at jointly solving common problems and protecting the common interests of other people and groups. Interactions in IOOs are determined by formal rules and regulated norms of behavior.
The educational function of youth and children's public associations is based on the satisfaction and implementation of the needs and interests of a young person, the formation of the younger generation as a social and creative force.
The peculiarity of the implementation of the educational functions of youth organizations is the exceptional importance of amateur performances and creativity of children, adolescents, and young people. They themselves mainly form the standards for general activity, including its stimulation, organization and coercion.
CONCLUSION
Youth can be defined as a vast set of group communities formed on the basis of age characteristics and associated subcultures, mentality, social psychology and basic specific activities in various spheres of life. In a narrower (sociological) sense, youth is a socio-demographic group, identified on the basis of age-related characteristics of the social status of young people, their place and functions in the social structure of society, specific interests and values, needs and types of life activities.
The purpose of youth in the modern world lies in the indisputable fact that it is not so much an object of upbringing, education and socialization, but rather an active subject of social reproduction, the innovative potential of society, an essential guarantor of its development. It is the young generation that acts both as an important condition for further socio-economic changes and as an innovative force.
The specificity of social work with youth lies in the fact that youth are considered not as an object of education, but as a subject of social action, social renewal.
Social work with youth should be of a public-state nature and be aimed at intensifying actions and developing partnerships among its main subjects: state authorities, local governments, civil society institutions, commercial and non-profit organizations, the youth themselves to ensure the effective implementation of state and public interests in the process of social formation and self-realization of youth.
Social work with youth should be carried out in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in a variable manner, taking into account the specifics of regions and local conditions, but with unconditional compliance with basic federal standards. Young people in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation must be guaranteed participation in social and state construction, protection of their rights and legitimate interests.
To carry out the research part of this work, a questionnaire was developed covering various aspects of the life of young people, their needs, as well as questions that help to understand how young people live at the present time. The questionnaire is aimed at identifying public opinion about young people; the respondents are CSU students. Among the 40 respondents, there were first- and second-year students of the Faculty of Economics. Of these, 70% were girls and 30% boys.
LIST OF SOURCES USED
1. Resolution of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of June 3, 1993. No. 5090-1 “On the main directions of state youth policy in the Russian Federation”
Basov, N.F. Social work with youth / N.F. Basov. - M.: Dashkov and K, 2009. - 328 p.
Grigoriev, S.I. Social work with youth: main directions and modern forms: textbook for universities / S. I. Grigoriev, L. G. Guslyakova, S.N. Pavlov. - M.: KnoRus, 2011. - 213 p.
Technology of social work: textbook for bachelors / [V. A. Petrosyan and others] ; edited by E.I. Kholostovoy, L.I. Kononova. - Moscow: Yurayt, 2011. - 503 p.
Youth in Russian regions: prospects for civic and professional development: collection of materials / Ed. M.K. Gorshkova, A.A. Nelyubina. - Publication of the Federation Council, 2006. - 192 p.
Fundamentals of social work: textbook. aid for students higher textbook establishments / N.F. Basov, V.M. Basova, O.N. Bessonova and others; edited by N.F. Basova. - M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2005. - 288 p.
Firsov, M.V. Theory of social work: textbook. aid for students higher textbook institutions / M.V. Firsov, E.G. Studenova. - M.: VLADOS, 2005. - 268 p.
Shkurin, V. Youth: free time and club / V. Shkurin. - M.: Leisure, 2008. - 203 p.
Sorokin, P.A. Human. Civilization, Society / P.A. Sorokin. - M.: Politizdat, 2007. - 55 p.
Bovkun, V.V. Lifestyle of modern youth: trends, problems, prospects / V.V. Bovkun. - M.: Leisure, 2007. - 432 p.
Social work with youth: Textbook. Publisher: Dashkov i K, 2010. - 327 p.
Nechaeva L.A. Volunteerism as a form of work with youth. - [Electronic source]. - Access mode: #"center">APPLICATION
Research tools (questionnaire)
Hello!
We invite you to take part in the questionnaire survey.
The questionnaire is anonymous, you do not need to indicate your first and last name. Please circle the correct answer.
Do you think youth play a significant role in the socio-demographic, economic, political and cultural life of society?
What are the most significant problems (social, personal) that concern you currently? _____________________________________________
What problems of Russian youth, in your opinion, are the most pressing at the moment? ____________________________________________________________
What do you think the youth of our country need most?
____________________________________________________________
Do you know the laws of the Russian Federation on youth and youth policy?
Do you plan to continue your education after graduation in this area?
Do you think it will be easy for you to find a job in your specialty?
How do you see your future?
I would like to work in the public sector
I would like to start my own business
I would like to work in a private company
other_______________
Please indicate your gender
Male. Female.
Specify course______
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION!
Social work with youth is understood as a specific type of professional activity aimed at improving the quality of the youth population, carried out by state, municipal and commercial organizations, which includes a set of legal, social, medical, economic, as well as psychosocial, pedagogical, organizational, preventive, information and other measures to prevent negative trends among young people, as well as the formation of socially significant properties and qualities in the younger generation. A distinctive feature of social work with young people is the active involvement of the youth themselves in social events aimed at overcoming crisis situations that arise in them.
The main problem of social work in this case is the formation in the younger generation of the ability to solve their own problems, adapt to new socio-economic conditions of a market economy, acquire skills for independent living and participation in self-government.
The subject of this type of activity is social services, which are an integral part of an integral (federal, regional, municipal, etc.) system for organizing social work with young people; These services provide information and resources to the social support system for the younger generation at all levels.
The system of social services in the Russian Federation is a complex of state, non-state structures, as well as specialized institutions aimed at providing social assistance and social protection to young people, supporting their initiatives, and includes a mandatory minimum of institutions for each city and region:
- a) social service center (contains departments: social. assistance at home, day, temporary. stay, urgent. social assistance);
- b) social assistance center. family and children;
- c) social rehabilitation center for. minors;
- d) social shelter for children. and teenagers.
It also includes: psychological and pedagogical centers. help; emergency psychological centers. telephone assistance; rehabilitation centers for. children and adolescents with disabilities, as well as assistance centers. children left without care. parents, etc.
The main goals of such services are:
- - .formation of a system of social services for youth as a unified state-public system of socio-psychological support for young people;
- - identification of the conditions that determine the formation of antisocial behavior among young people;
- - .providing urgent assistance to young people who find themselves in difficult life situations;
- - increasing the degree of independence of young people, their ability to control their own lives and most effectively resolve difficulties that arise;
- - the formation of conditions in which a person, despite the crisis of life, can maintain self-esteem and self-respect from society; achieve such a result that he no longer needs help from a social worker (ultimate goal).
The scope of social work among young people is wide and diverse. It contains several related trends, one of which is the social protection of youth, which is understood as a set of government measures of a social, economic, and legal nature aimed at ensuring state-guaranteed minimum standards for different groups of youth.
The second direction is social assistance to the younger generation. This assistance consists of the care of the state and society for the younger generation, which needs support due to age, health, social status, and can be considered as a redistribution of financial resources between different groups of youth on the basis of current legislation.
It should be noted here that social support for a number of social categories of youth, such as low-income groups of children, adolescents, students, young workers and young professionals, is ultimately both economically and socially effective, since after some time these objects of social work will be active subjects of market relations and can contribute to increasing the national wealth of our country.
The third direction of social work with youth is social pedagogy, which includes both assistance to needy categories of young people and the process of their socialization. prevention and education.
Most often, when talking about social work with the younger generation, they talk about the following problems: an increase in crime, drug addiction and suicide, deteriorating health of the younger generation, social orphanhood, homelessness, violence against minors in families, youth unemployment, moral laxity, lack of spirituality, social apathy of youth, deformation attitude towards work, etc.
Currently, social work with youth in the field of employment is becoming particularly relevant. A social work specialist can actively promote employment through interaction with employment centers, recruitment agencies, involving young people in advanced training and retraining programs, focusing on the needs of the labor market. The assistance of a social worker in facilitating the employment of young people is very important, since unemployment can lead to an antisocial lifestyle and such phenomena as drug addiction, alcoholism, prostitution and crime among young people, and a conflict situation at home. That is why the priority directions of social youth policy are: attracting the younger generation into public practice and informing them about potential development opportunities; formation of their creative activity; integration of young people who find themselves in difficult living conditions into the life of society.
A significant area of social work with young people is the social prevention of deviant and criminal behavior. Crime among young people is actively growing, which is associated with the socio-economic transformations taking place in our country. Social work is able to minimize the risks that social instability entails in our society through the comprehensive provision of assistance and support to young people, because It is social work that is entrusted with these functions.
A social specialist, if necessary, must perform a mediating function between a young person in need of assistance (medical, psychological, legal, advisory) and a specialist who is competent in providing the requested type of assistance (doctor, psychologist, lawyer, consultant, etc.). ).
Awareness of this has led to the fact that one of the areas of activity of the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs is “Socialization of youth in need of special state protection,” which is focused on the socialization of young people who use psychoactive substances; young people in conflict with the law, as well as training specialists to work with this category of young people.
The above and a number of other problems really characterize the “youth field” of modern Russian society, but only to a certain extent.
In the eyes of young people themselves, the problems whose solution becomes most important are seen as follows: 28.5% indicate an improvement in their financial situation; 27.4% find a stable, highly paid job, in the specialty they have acquired, career growth, avoiding unemployment or layoffs; 20.2% report receiving higher education; find your own home - 19.7%; solve a health problem, improve family relationships - 11.0%; eliminate the consequences of the economic crisis - 7.7%; want to get married, start a family, have a child - 5.5%.
All the problems of modern youth can, if not be prevented, then contribute to the formation of adequate social attitudes, changes in behavior and value systems for the better; properly organized social work with youth can.
A special role in social work with youth is played by methods and technologies, which are divided into:
- 1) Individual social work - used in working with both individuals and families, in solving psychological, interpersonal, social and economic problems through personal interaction, the main form of which is counseling. In the process of individual work, support is provided with the aim of establishing contact with social institutions (doctors, lawyers, social services).
- 2) Group social work, used to provide support to the individual through the transfer of group experience. Group work is implemented in different forms of work: club, circle and implies the formation of a stable composition of young people, the presence of a certain space and a fixed time.
- 3) Community social work is designed to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of social relationships, the involvement of the population and institutions of a certain territory to the maximum extent possible to solve acute problems of youth.
Along with classical methods of working with youth, new ones are being created, which include “mobile” social work with youth. The emergence of this method is associated with the need to influence and control that part of the younger generation that does not apply either to youth centers or to the authorities of the social protection system, but at the same time, is predisposed to display deviant behavior and aggressiveness.
The increase in the number of homeless people among young people who are prone to illegal behavior led to the emergence of “street” social work, which involves communicating with young people not within the walls of social institutions, youth centers or counseling centers, but directly in their habitat. That is, social work with youth has moved directly to the streets.
The principle and goal of such social work is to establish trusting relationships and joint interaction, the purpose of which is to actively penetrate into the youth world who are predisposed to crime.
Street social activities are carried out in various forms, for example: providing various alternative ways to spend free time, organizing sporting events, organizing buses to places where prostitutes, drug addicts gather, etc. .
Thus, social work with youth is a specific type of professional social activity, which is focused on improving the quality of life of young people, providing assistance and support to youth representatives, since interaction with youth is the most important component of the content of the professional activities of social sector specialists.
To overcome the social problems of young people, an integrated approach is required, which, in general terms, assumes:
- - ensuring respect for the rights of young people;
- - ensuring labor and employment guarantees for young people;
- - assistance in business activities;
- - .state assistance to a young family;
- - guaranteed provision of social services;
- - .support for talented young people;
- - .creation of conditions for both the physical and spiritual development of young people;
- - support for the activities of youth associations.
Thus, youth is a socio-demographic category of our society, which is distinguished by a set of characteristics, characteristics of its social. situations determined by various social and psychological properties, which in turn are determined by the degree of socio-economic and cultural development, as well as the characteristics of socialization in Russian society.
As social practice shows, young people are one of the vulnerable categories of the population in general and because of the transformations taking place in the socio-economic and political spheres of modern Russia. In particular, the uncertainty of the role and place in the life of society of modern youth is associated, on the one hand, with the fact that this age category is at the beginning of the path of active socialization, and on the other, with potential marginalization, aggravated by unemployment, alcoholism and drug addiction, and crime.
However, the issue of building social technologies. Working with the younger generation is complicated by the fact that, as a rule, young people are not voluntary clients of social services. The culture of turning to social services to solve problems has not yet been formed among Russian youth. All this simultaneously forces us to pay special attention to the formation of effective social work with young people.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION
RUSSIAN STATE SOCIAL UNIVERSITY _____________________________________________________________________________
Branch in Elektrostal
Specialty: “Social work”
Course work
by discipline
"Theory of Social Work"
on the topic of:
"Social work with youth"
Work completed:
3rd year student
full-time department
groups DS-6
Mikhailenko V.V.
Accepted:
Turchaninova T.V.
Elektrostal
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………..………...3
CHAPTER 1 . Features of social work with youth
§ 1. Youth as a special social group…………………………….6
§ 2. State youth policy……………………………...10
CHAPTER 2. Social work with youth
§ 1. Structure of social services for youth…………………..17
§ 2. System of social work with youth…………………………...22
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………25
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………….27
INTRODUCTION
Youth is a socio-demographic group experiencing a period of emerging social maturity, adaptation to the adult world and future changes.
Relevance This work is that there is currently an exacerbation of social problems affecting the rights and interests of young people. Therefore, the issue of social protection of young people is most important.
In connection with the market economy and the weak, shrinking material base, the following problems arise:
social vulnerability of young people in the world of work;
the lag of the level of education from the modern level of the most developed countries, the decline in the prestige of vocational education;
low wages, scholarships, difficulties with secondary employment, lack of high-quality inexpensive goods;
reduction of the material base for organizing cultural leisure for youth;
changing the lifestyle of young people and marriage and family relations.
Currently, cases of antisocial phenomena have become more frequent. They are social in nature. The decline in spirituality and morality in society leads to uncertainty in the present and future. The growth of social injustice and distrust of authorities leads young people to participate in acts of civil disobedience, mass riots, and interethnic conflicts.
The lack of life experience, the ability to adequately evaluate oneself, one’s actions and the misdeeds of others lead to confusion, lack of prospects, feelings of uselessness and loneliness appear, which pushes a young person into a criminal environment or to suicide.
Therefore, young people need protection and support throughout their development.
In the process of writing the work, modern literature on the problem of social protection of youth was processed, and extensive practical material was studied.
Object of study This work is for young people.
Subject of study – activities of social protection bodies aimed at social support for young people.
The purpose of the work in question - analyze approaches to the formation of social work with youth, select optimal methods that promote effective self-realization of youth.
Tasks:
Consider youth as a special group.
Identify the main problems of social work with youth.
Formulate basic programs for social protection of youth.
Research methodology .
The works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of social protection, as well as regulatory and legislative acts regulating the processes of social work in the Russian Federation formed the basis theoretical and methodological parts of the study.
Empirical basis of the study is based on an analysis of the experience of social work with youth in different cities.
Degree of scientific development of the problem. The theoretical basis of this study was the scientific works of P.D. Pavlenka, V.N. Shubkin, E.I. Kholostova. and other authors who examined such problems as the sphere of personal life of young people, youth policy and its features.
Regulatory framework.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On State Support of Youth and Children’s Associations” was adopted by the State Duma on May 26, 1995.
Chapter 1. Features of social work with youth.
§ 1. Youth as a special group.
Youth is a socio-demographic group experiencing a period of formation of social maturity, entry into the world of adults, adaptation to it and its future renewal.
The boundaries of this group are blurred and fluid, but usually young people are considered to be the population between the ages of 14 and 30.
The lower age limit is determined, in particular, by the fact that from the age of 14 physical maturity begins and access to work opens. The upper limit is the age of achieving labor and social stability (economic independence, professional self-determination), starting a family, having children.
Being at a transitional stage from the world of childhood to the world of adults, the younger generation is experiencing the most important stage in their lives - family and extra-family socialization.
Socialization is the process of personality formation, learning and assimilation by an individual of values, norms of attitudes, patterns of behavior inherent in a given society, social community, group.
Every young person needs to learn the norms of values, attitudes, ideas and stereotypes developed by society and various groups.
Modern youth as a social group is characterized by certain characteristics and common features.
According to the annual Report of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Youth Affairs to the Government of Russia on the situation of youth for 1998-1999, the number of citizens as of October 1999. Between the ages of 15 and 29 there were 32.2 million people, or 22% of the population. As the report's developers note, the current demographic situation is characterized by negative natural growth that has developed since 1992. 1 We can come to the conclusion that a decrease in population, low birth rate, along with a significant deterioration in the health of young people leads to a deterioration in the gene pool of the nation, which, in turn, can pose a threat to the national security of the country.
The deterioration of the health status of the Russian population, according to experts, has no precedent in industrialized countries in peacetime.
A significant decline in the level and quality of life of the majority of young Russians, an increase in social tension that causes stress, aggravation of environmental problems, especially in cities, and other similar reasons lead to an increase in the number of diseases, including the emergence of epidemics and socially determined diseases.
AIDS is beginning to seriously threaten the younger generation of Russians. The first case of AIDS was identified in Russia in 1987, and every year the number of patients is growing at tremendous speed.
Factors unfavorable for youth development include the spread of smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse. Suicide rates among young people remain high. The desire to escape from real problems into an illusory world contributes to the massive spread of alcoholism and drug addiction among teenagers. Drug addiction today is becoming a powerful factor of social disorganization, posing a great threat to the normal functioning of the entire social organism. According to experts, the reasons for the growth of drug addiction are, to a certain extent, the result of a conflict between the individual and society, which is especially clearly manifested in the crisis of socialization.
The number of young people among workers in industry, construction, and transport is falling. In connection with the changes taking place in the Russian economy, the share of young people in the non-productive sector is growing. At the same time, the alienation of some young people from work, which is characterized by the reluctance of young people to work well and with high quality, and the lack of desire for professional, qualified and job growth.
The number of young people in rural areas has decreased because... young people prefer to work not in agricultural production, but in urban enterprises and organizations. Recently, many have actively rushed into the field of trade. In this regard, there is a danger of the emergence of a “lost generation” during the transition to the market and a further expansion of the social base to replenish risk groups, criminalization and an increase in the level of violence among youth.
Traditionally, risk groups include people without a fixed place of residence, prostitutes, alcoholics, and drug addicts.
The introduction of market relations in its current forms has exacerbated the problem of social protection of young people in the world of work. Young workers are the first to be laid off and join the ranks of the unemployed.
Particularly alarming trends in the current situation in the youth sphere include:
the lag of the level of education from the level achieved by the most developed countries;
the growing decline in the prestige of general and vocational education;
an increase in the number of young people entering the workforce with a low level of education and not focused on continuing their education;
unpreparedness of higher, vocational and secondary school personnel to work in new conditions;
a decline in the intellectual level of the graduate student body - the future of Russian science, an outflow of gifted young men and women from many universities and from the country.
Economic reform has aggravated serious problems of young people in the sphere of everyday life. The earnings of young workers and employees are often lower than those of workers in the public sector of the economy in general. Creating families and having children further worsens the financial situation of young people. Single-parent young families and families with children find themselves in a particularly difficult social and financial situation.
A factor that largely determines the image and lifestyle of young people is the criminalization and commercialization of their leisure time. The problem of personal safety of young people is becoming increasingly urgent: sociological studies show that about 50% of them have ever been subjected to physical violence from peers or adults, and 40% have experienced assault from their parents. 1
Socialization does not stop when a child enters an orphanage, it goes on as usual, but the question is how it continues and how it differs from family socialization. Socialization is the most important issue, very serious and requiring careful analysis, since the entire future life of a person depends on how socialization went in childhood; it is in childhood that everything that then helps to live throughout life is laid down.
Social and everyday training of preschool children brought up in an orphanage 2016
A well-organized education should prepare a person for the three main roles in life - citizen, worker, family man. From a social point of view, education is the purposeful preparation of the young generation for life in a given and future society, carried out through specially created state and public structures, controlled and adjusted by society.
Fundamentals of interpersonal interaction of socio-pedagogical and socio-psychological support for a young family in social service organizations 2016
The family is a system of human social functioning that changes not only under the influence of socio-political conditions, but also due to the internal processes of its development. The types of family relationships are changing, the system of power and subordination in family life, the roles and functional dependence of spouses, the position of children are becoming different; many scientists characterize the current state of the family as a crisis.
Prevention of school truancy 2016
The article is devoted to the organization of work in a general education institution to prevent absences from classes without a good reason. Can be used by teachers, class teachers and social workers of educational institutions.
Extracurricular event "Healthy leisure - healthy youth" 2016
The event is designed for teenagers 11–12 years old. In my work, I use a form of preventive work such as theatrical performance. In my opinion, theater is always spectacular and impressive. A child, watching a performance on stage, experiences these situations. The goal of the work is to create motivation for a healthy lifestyle; organization of leisure time for minors; awareness of the importance of health for one’s own self-affirmation.
Methodological materials on the organization of pedagogical prevention of unauthorized departures and antisocial behavior of pupils 2016
Purpose of the lesson: social and pedagogical prevention of unauthorized departures and antisocial behavior.
Intellectual game of law "What? Where? When?" 2016
Purpose of the game: to improve the legal education of students. Form of the event: intellectual game. Age: high school students. Almost any number of teams are allowed to participate in the game. Each team can consist of from 6 to 20 people.
Class hour "Don't do to others what you wouldn't wish for yourself" 2016
A positive attitude towards oneself is an important condition for the full development of a child’s personality. To develop it, children need to feel their own importance in the eyes of other people. Recognition of the value of a child is expressed in parental love, attention, care and respect for his dignity by others. The formation of a child’s positive attitude towards himself and others is facilitated by the awareness of the uniqueness of himself and those around him.
New Year's psychological campaign "May everything you wish come true!" 2016
The psychological campaign in the pre-New Year month created a homely, comfortable atmosphere in the kindergarten, a certain mood in which a positive mood reigned, and the participants felt like close, interesting and significant people. The action was intended to reduce risks during the adaptation of new employees, and to make the team smile sincerely, unite even more and work more productively. After all, positive thinking is the key to success at work!
Quest game "We are for a healthy lifestyle!" 2016
The proposed event contributes to the development of the intellectual and physical abilities of students, awakening in them a desire to take care of their health, saturates school life, making it interesting and exciting. Children learn to form their own opinions, listen and hear others, work actively and creatively in a team, showing their individuality. The game format is convenient to use within one physical education lesson. Teams take turns performing tasks at different sites.
Correctional and developmental lesson “Now I am a fifth grader!” 2016
Correctional and developmental classes are conducted with the aim of adapting children to secondary school. The lesson helps every fifth grader enter a new stage of schooling as easily and joyfully as possible; supports and develops children's interest in knowledge; helps them communicate with new classmates and teachers.
Interdepartmental interaction in solving social and pedagogical problems of a child in an educational organization 2016
The range of activities of a social teacher is very wide: from working with the immediate environment of students to coordinating actions with various social partners, subjects of prevention, without whose participation it is often impossible to effectively, efficiently and effectively solve the problems of a child and his family. The development reflects not only the problems resolved with the subjects of interdepartmental interaction, but also the regulatory requirements for mandatory notification of each other about the presence of such problems.
Parent meeting "Causes of teenage suicide. The role of adults in helping teenagers in crisis situations" 2016
Socially Insecure Kids 2016
In order for a child to feel happy, to be able to better adapt and overcome difficulties, he needs to have a positive image of himself and of society.
Campaign "Green light for health!" 2016
The most precious gift that a person receives from nature is health. The health status of the younger generation is the most important indicator of the well-being of society and the state, reflecting not only the current situation, but also giving an accurate forecast for the future. The significant deterioration in the health of the Russian population, especially children, observed in recent years has become a national problem.
Taking into account the age characteristics of cadets as a condition for the prevention of violations in their behavior 2016
Modern research on deviant behavior places emphasis not so much on issues of its correction, although this is certainly important, but on the prevention of behavioral deviations. Undoubtedly, prevention is better than correction. And one of the most effective and accessible methods of prevention is knowledge of the age characteristics of adolescents and the ability to use this knowledge in the educational process.
Psychological training for teenagers using parables and fiction “The World of Your Home” 2016
Psychological training is a form of specially organized training for self-improvement of a student’s personality, during which adolescents develop ideas about family as a basic value of life and society, and develop the qualities necessary for favorable coexistence with family and friends. This development can be used in the work of educational psychologists, social educators, and teachers of grades 4–11.
2016
The project is being implemented in reflective-dialogue technology; in modern conditions, dialogue acquires new meaning and quality, acting as the basic principle of the communicative content of education. The ability of students to conduct a fruitful, effective dialogue in various areas of the sociocultural sphere, to understand the world dialogically, becomes the most important communicative property.
2016
Now any child has the opportunity to play with a ball. However, surveys of parents in recent years have shown that little attention is paid to ball games. We have been using ball games for correctional work in our practice for a long time. We taught parents how to play ball at a parent meeting. Ball games are of great importance in the development of a child.
Preventive hour “Live in peace with yourself and in harmony with others” 2016
The preventive hour helps create conditions for the formation of tolerant behavior of participants in the educational process. Promotes the formation of interpersonal relationships among students in the spirit of acceptance, understanding, recognition; develops the ability to adequately and fully know oneself and other people.
Scenario of the holiday for National Unity Day "We are one country" 2016
This event is aimed at instilling patriotic feelings in children: love for the Motherland, native land, tolerance for people of all nationalities living in our country. To develop children's interest in the history of Russia, in the history of their native land and city.
Integrated lesson (psychology + religious studies) “Cultural, religious and psychological aspects of attitudes towards death” 2016
Purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of death as the most important stage in a person’s spiritual development and of the psychological factors accompanying the process of dying.
Vocational guidance for preschoolers through acquaintance with spatio-temporal types of creativity as part of training at the theater studio "Nomads" 2016
Stage activity synthesizes such types of creativity as acting, dance, vocals, artistic reading, etc. The task of a theater teacher is to create favorable conditions for bright and useful experiences for preschoolers. With excellent career guidance work, the child will be introduced to various professions in the performing arts.
Help from a mentor in developing a teenager’s personality 2016
The formation of a person’s worldview is influenced by 4 main factors. Family is the influence of parents, family traditions, personal experience of parents and other relatives, preschool, school and professional institutions. The surrounding world is nature, friends, the media, everything that surrounds a person in life. Internal desire for self-knowledge and self-development. A harmonious personality grows if the influence of these four main factors is equally felt in its development.
Development of a morally free personality of adolescents brought up in various social conditions 2016
In educational institutions, the characteristics of adolescents should be taken into account in the practice of the educational process. It is necessary to expand the understanding of the psychological characteristics of the formation of value orientations and moral consciousness of modern teenagers, making it possible to improve the methods and techniques of an individual approach to teenagers in the process of their education and moral education.