We arrived at the Leninsky Put SPK PZ early in the morning. It was not yet eight o'clock. At that time, a planning meeting was going on in the garage - the work for the current day was being distributed. The office door practically did not close, fragments of phrases were heard. In the “smoking room” there is already an order, the machine operators and the agronomist are discussing the last details on the go. It was a pleasant surprise that there were a lot of young people. As it turned out, there are a lot of young specialists in this farm, and many have recently joined the general team: machine operators Ilya Korolev, Nikolay Slastikov, Sergey Kashin. Everyone is responsible. Ilya, for example, masters any technique. Among the young specialists are a veterinarian, a second livestock specialist, an agronomist, an accountant, an engineer... Of course, I really wanted them to settle down here, find themselves, not be afraid of difficulties, and not look for easier ways. As the head of the farm will later say, you can rely on everyone, and trust means a lot, especially for beginners.
While waiting for the end of the planning meeting, I remembered the good old days, when graduates of educational institutions were assigned to farms for three years to gain experience and practice. Everyone once started from scratch. Another thing is how they will be received on the farm, whether they will help. Now, for some reason, when applying for a job, company managers immediately ask for work experience, but where can a graduate get it? Time must pass for him to show his capabilities, his potential. And in general, if the graduate distribution system worked in our time, there probably wouldn’t be such personnel problems in the agro-industrial complex (and not only in it). If a person studied at the expense of the state (at a budget-funded place), he must somehow repay his debt by working in his specialty where there is a need for personnel. External factors, attitudes towards agriculture and much more in general greatly influence its development, as well as the proper organization of labor and the use of new technologies. But that's not all. What about pricing and lending? Weather? Just think: agriculture is a sector of the economy that produces real money. Yes, it ultimately feeds us all. How can you not help him?! After all, this contradicts all logic.
We couldn’t help but touch on this painful topic when talking with M.A. Mugaev, head of the SPK PZ “Leninsky Put”. You can agree with every word he says. Who, if not him, who has devoted his entire life to agriculture, is well aware of its problems that hinder the work of farmers who know the whole process from the inside?! You can feel his concern for agriculture, for his team. “How much can be done if some of the pressing problems are solved,” argues Mugai Aigubovich. “We would pay more wages to employees, then there would not be such problems. But, unfortunately, today we do not have such an opportunity.”
“A person working in agriculture already deserves honor and respect,” he continues. Gold words! It is they, the rural workers, who work in difficult conditions, sometimes to exhaustion, produce environmentally friendly food products, provide nutritious feed... It’s a shame when you “stew in your own juice”, produce results, and in return... If even one specialist is missing, be it a machine operator, livestock specialist, or agronomist, this already affects the entire production process. There has probably always been and will be a shortage of personnel, says Mugai Aigubovich. What other personnel will come is the question. But if such specialists came who are passionate about the cause, who work with desire... Each person is a chain in a common link, the final result depends on his work.
For four years there was no agronomist at Leninsky Put, we got out as best we could, because we had to work. Moreover, the weather today brought a surprise. And as if by magic, a young agronomist, Anastasia Andreevna Zakharova, came to the farm. Mugai Aigubovich has high hopes for her. And not by chance! It would seem that she is a young specialist who is just trying to gain experience, but she is not afraid of difficulties, she is not afraid to take risks, to use advanced technologies, keeping up with the times. This spring became a serious test for her, a young specialist. But, according to Mugai Aigubovich, she quickly got used to it, although, of course, it was not easy for her, she got involved in the process, “as if she had worked here for ten years.” And what indicators the farm has at the end of the harvest is largely thanks to Anastasia Andreevna. A competent approach to business and the ability to work with people helped this fragile girl make up for lost time during the sowing season. “If everyone had this approach to business, if they felt responsibility, then the results would be different. You can immediately see when a person wants to work, or is simply working out time. The human factor has not yet been canceled,” says the chairman. Isn't that right? By the way, it so happened that A.A. Zakharova went to study at the agricultural academy purely by chance, but now, after studying, having found herself on this farm, she has already begun to be useful. Maybe this is what God intended?
There were omissions in crop rotation, and if it is not set up correctly, then during the preparation of feed and caring for crops, a large part of the harvest may be lost. On the farm, continues Mugai Aigubovich, this year we managed to successfully use herbicides and see the results of their action. How did it work before? They treated the plants with herbicides, but the weeds still grew. Now, thanks to the skillful approach of the young agronomist, everything is different. It must be said that an agronomist has no more complex operation than working with herbicides. You need to know the development phase of the cultivated plant and weed, choose the optimal air temperature, its humidity, in a word, it is very difficult to choose the time for their use. The farm purchased two sprayers, but still couldn’t keep up. As for equipment in general, “Leninsky Put” has enough of it; another question is the quality of its service. The whole process as a whole depends on this.
The corn yield was low this year, although the soil was prepared and the seedlings were good, but because of the cold weather it practically did not grow, and in the end we got little. But next year we still plan to increase the area under its crops. However, under such conditions, spring crops were successful, barley in particular. Previously, they sinned on low-stemmed varieties, but it turned out that they were in vain. The farm actually became convinced that even on such lands it is possible to get a good harvest if the necessary technologies are followed.
Livestock farming is also given great importance in the Leninsky Path. On October 1, the milk yield received a big increase; this, according to the chairman, is the result of varied feeding of the animals. The cows are given sunflower and rapeseed cake, beet pulp, and a special formula of compound feed is used. But, unfortunately, not all farms are experiencing increases. “There is a lag behind the leaders in the complex, which, by the way, we hoped for, but the required productivity did not work out, although the livestock breeders gave an increase of 140 tons compared to last year,” Mugai Aigubovich is concerned. “The result is a large gap between the leaders and the laggards, and this is under the same working conditions. Of course, not everyone can be a leader, but when there is a backlog of a thousand liters of milk for each cow, it seems that people are working on different farms. But this year we have good results in terms of average daily weight gain of animals due to the fact that we have established feeding from birth to sale, using specialized feed. Unfortunately, we are liquidating pig farming due to cases of African swine fever in the region. In principle, we have good livestock and good results.”
Next year, the farm plans to begin construction of a new complex for 1,200 head of livestock, gathering the entire milking herd in one place, and converting the vacated premises for young animals, which is very convenient for livestock breeders. And the place has already been determined. Therefore, work is now in full swing to collect the necessary documents that need to be submitted to the Russian Ministry of Agriculture in order for their plan to be approved and the SPK PZ “Leninsky Put” to be included in the lending program at 5 percent. Let's hope everything works out for them.
And, of course, one cannot help but note another victory of the agricultural production complex “Leninsky Put” at the annual agricultural exhibition, held recently in Moscow, where the farm team “took” gold. “Livestock was represented at the exhibition much more widely than before,” Mugai Aigubovich shares with us, “about ten regions presented horses, previously one or two were exhibited. The sheep of the Romanov breed, which we also traveled with, were owned by four farms. We also brought to the exhibition products made from the wool of these sheep - our veterans did their best. It’s just a pity that the equipment was not presented today; the machine operators and I were hoping to find something for our farm.”
Special words of gratitude were said by Mugai Aigubovich Mugaev to the veterans, who still help the farm to the best of their ability, because there are never extra workers, especially in busy times. And now, after the harvest is completed, they are in service.
It’s great that a variety of generations work on this farm, who understand the importance of the agricultural industry; the love for the land overpowered all the hardships of this hard work.
One of the directions for the development of Russian livestock farming is to expand the variety of animals raised. However, in traditional niches the competition is already very high. There is a way out, say the Russian Association of Game Breeders, and suggest paying attention to non-traditional animal species for agriculture.
Farmers are hardy and hardworking people, and they select equipment to suit themselves. Usually there are a lot of things to do in a day, and without a reliable car they are like without hands.
Being an agronomist means understanding a huge number of fertilizers and preparations, constantly learning something new and achieving results through trial and error. Fortunately, in some matters you can completely trust the experts, for example, in the supply of high-quality fertilizers and the development of mineral nutrition systems adapted to specific conditions and goals.
Every poultry farm has a need to transport chickens. Sometimes they need to be transported between workshops of the enterprise, and sometimes transported over long distances. At the same time, chickens are very delicate creatures, which is why the requirements for chicken carriers are quite high.
The company LLC TD "Veles" has been operating in the market for the production of feed for farm animals and poultry for more than 18 years. We offer our clients comprehensive solutions for the implementation of effective feeding and feed storage systems.
For the second year in a row, TD Inagrotech is marked by the interest of farmers and large agricultural producers in the overhaul of old harvesters.
The DEKALB innovation center has been operating in Russia since 2014. It is no coincidence that this brand of corn seed has a reputation as an innovator in the field of corn cultivation.
Dear partners! Congratulations on your rich harvest and we offer to help you preserve it!
On August 21, 2019, in the village of Khitrovo, Rasskazovsky district, Tambov region, a bright and beautiful event took place - the Field Day of the French seed company Cossad Semans.
Our company, SCM Volga, has been producing and installing prefabricated self-supporting arched structures made of galvanized steel using technology from the American corporation M.I.S. Industries since 1995. The technology allows the construction of prefabricated hangars anywhere that can be reached by truck.
Table salt is an indispensable component of the feed ration of dairy and beef cattle. Salt is the most important electrolyte that maintains the correct water-salt balance in the body of animals.
The cultivator is the most commonly used tillage machine in agriculture, which is considered one of the simplest and most “unsophisticated”. However, the variety of cultivators makes us pay closer attention to these units.
“Agro-Industrial Complex Market” continues the series of articles on selection in crop and livestock production. In previous issues you can find publications on wheat, soybeans, sunflowers and other crops, as well as on breeding in poultry farming.
Limited Liability Company "Taganrogselmash" (OOO "TAGSMA") offers new products of its own design and manufacture - high-performance quick-change devices for combine harvesters for sunflower harvesting, mounted on the inclined chamber of the combine and ensuring high-quality and reliable harvesting of sunflower seeds.
The tillage system is one of the cornerstones of agriculture. However, most managers and specialists of agricultural enterprises do not have a clear position on this issue. The recommendations of agricultural scientists on the soil cultivation system do not add clarity.
Farms covering hectares of land require high-tech equipment for crop care and irrigation. This is the only way to get high yields.
The abundance of the agrochemical market is surprising and alarming: there are many companies and products, but will there be any effectiveness? When deciding to purchase or apply agrochemical products, agricultural producers take risks every time. The EuroChem company has become a reliable partner in this matter for them around the world, ready to promptly supply a wide range of effective mineral fertilizers and find a technological solution to achieve high yields and preserve land fertility.
The harvesting campaign has come to an end. Many farmers are already making plans to earn money after selling grain. And agricultural producers usually invest a significant portion of these funds into their farms. Technology eats up the most money. To purchase a new tractor, farmers have to part with several million.
The article provides an analysis of the state of commercial melon growing in the Russian Federation, considers a number of problems affecting the development of the industry: lack of cultivated lands for melon growing, lack of crop rotation, etc. A brief overview of the assortment of the main crop - table watermelon, presented on the market by foreign and domestic seed companies is given.
They say that personnel decides everything. But how to solve the problem of having these personnel? And it certainly exists in the Russian economy, and the closer the industry is to real production, the more obvious the problem. In agriculture, the situation with personnel is also very acute.
Feed rations containing corn grain, canned corn cob mixture (CCM) and/or extruded corn grain allow for the highest biological performance in sow, piglet and finishing pig production.
Sowing time is one of the most important elements in the technology of growing winter crops, affecting plant productivity. The calendar dates for sowing winter crops must be adjusted taking into account the prevailing weather conditions - moisture availability and thermal conditions, as well as forecast indicators for the duration of the autumn growing season of winter crops.
Digital technologies can provide a sharp increase in the efficiency of agribusiness, but so far they are not being implemented as actively in the Russian agro-industrial complex as in many other industries.
Without the use of a wide range of agricultural machinery, modern agricultural production is impossible. Therefore, it is necessary to look for ways to increase the prestige of the machine operator profession and improve their training. One of these methods was recently demonstrated at the All-Russian Field Day 2019 exhibition in the Leningrad region: we are talking about cooperation between a company producing agricultural equipment and an agricultural university.
Agrofirma Semko-Samara LLC was formed on February 10, 1994. The main task was to create in the shortest possible time a modern varietal composition of vegetable crops for Samara and the Samara region. Our company specializes in supplying vegetable and flower seeds to summer residents, farmers and greenhouses.
Tsyngueva V.V. Current state of agriculture in Russia / V.V. Tsyngueva, E.Yu. Zavalnyuk, A.I. Ageenko, Yu.E. Bessonova // Economics and business: theory and practice. – 2016. – No. 5. – pp. 196-201.
THE CURRENT STATE OF AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA
A.I. Ageenko, master's student
Yu.E. Bessonova, master's student
E.Yu. Zavalnyuk, Senior Lecturer
V.V. Tsyngueva, Senior Lecturer
Novosibirsk State Agrarian University
(Novosibirsk, Russia)
Annotation. Basic The task of the country's economic development is modernization , increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production. The article discusses s state of the artRussian agricultureat the present stage, relevance of increasing the efficiency of the domestic agro-industrial complex, features RUSSIAN skogo agriculture.
Keywords: efficiency, agricultural production, state n regulation, import substitution, government program.
Agriculture is a priority And tetny branch of the Russian economy, since it allows you to ensure food O free security of the country. V n A current Russian economy A is in a state of crisis. An important task for economics O Miki Russia is the active development of its own agricultural industry O industrial complex that can compete with world-class agro-industrial complex [ 1 ]. Agriculture production O accounts for over 12% of the gross social product and more than 15% of Russia's national income, and concentrates 15.7% of production fixed assets.
Low level of developmentRussian agriculture communications n with essence common problems:
- V high prices for fuel, which make highly profitable agricultural production impossible about duction;
- V high interest rates on loans(15 – 25 % ) due to uncertainty about loan repayment;
- V high customs duties on agricultural machinery and vulnerable And puppies domestic market from dumping about new supplies food products from abroad;
– imperfection of the system taxation;
- With social problems of rural life e lei: it is necessary to build housing in rural areas, improvesocial conditions for peasants [ 2 ] .
From point of view Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, preChairman of the Central Council of RUSO V.S. Shevelukha, " Further development of the country, as well as achieving food security With The strength and independence of the state largely depend on overcoming such obstacles. N A the time has come when we need to save not only agricultural production O the driver, but also the consumer of food from wild price hikes, from low-quality products, from destructive force“ with a over-regulated economy” . It must be admitted that the reform of the 90s led to the dispossession of peasants, distorted land use, and destroyed technical e skiy equipment of the village, created h at pre-food food freeze And bridge from foreign capital. Village n e must be saved from complete destruction e nia. Fate of the village head And depends on the attitude of the authorities towards the peasant, and on his survival depend well-being without O danger to the whole country."
The main paradox of the current situation And situation in Russian agriculture I It is true that if there are sufficient A supplies of natural and man-made resources for production h food production within the country to the full extent needs fa k tic it production isonly half of what is needed. The second half of the products And tania is imported from abroad. As a result of the ongoing And side agrarian and other reforms imposed on our country from outside Russia lost I la your food without O danger and came to the point of impending famine and national catastrophe.
In the present Currently, issues of increasing efficiencyefficiency of the domestic agro-industrial complex and find everything greater relevance. On the one hand, this is due to the presence of h venous-climatic potential for the production of our own agriculture th natural raw materials and production O potential for its processing. On the other hand, difficult foreign policy conditions associated with the introduction of e Russian research institutes near foreign stations ran once personal political and fifinancial and economic sanctions, push And are working towards strengthening their own food supply ve n Noah security of Russia. The above fully applies to one of the and the most important areas of agriculture- well and here you go. All the troubles of livestock farming are attributed to the decline in livestock numbers, and agricultural z enterprises in you They fill not an economic, but more a social role for peasants. There is an opinion that livestock farming, like agriculture, in Russian conditions- it's a risky business e division. But it’s not just about costs, it’s also about A rational use of resources, With current equipment and technologies. For example, labor productivity in Russian livestock farming is at least two times lower than in developed Western countries. M O Farmers are also hampered by the disproportion between the real cost of raw milk and the purchase prices for it from dairies. Today there is a price dictate of trade over the e a worker, and the processor - above the village economic producer.
Promote e farmer efficiency quality, intensity fication of livestock d s tva, increase The increase in livestock production volumes is possible only in conditions of sustainable production d supply of high-quality and varied feed. In modern conditions, increased e reduction in the pace of development of social And livestock farming largely depends on O scientific and technological progress a, and n intensive implementation of dosti science, etc. technology, excellence, postimprovement of organizational methods A tions of production, labor, management, production relations, i.e. i.e. from all si s belly management topicsnew manufacturing industries [ 4 ].
Establishing a rational organization A tion feed productiondstva on the modern floor don't worry problems from solving a large number of technological, organizational and O social and economic problems. Va and The urgency and urgency of solving these problems is determined by the exacerbation of the previously existing in the livestock industry O raising imbalances between the availability and needs of livestock for feed [ 5 ].
Grain production is traditionally the basis of all food O th complex and the largest reflection With pour agriculture. Russia location offers excellent conditions for production d grain quality of hard and strong varieties of psh e in the Volga region, the Southern Urals, and the Northern Caucasus.Bread products satisfy 35–38% daily as required human content in food, 40–50% in protein and carbohydrates. C yincluding grain consumption for production about the issue quality of livestock products and their share in energy content A Research Institute of Food Sciencepopulation ion is 50–60% [6].
It is necessary to move from words to deeds in regulating government support and ki of agriculture for specific A activity boards.
In the USA and the vast majority of countries around the world consistently use financial support for farmers and other owners of the land. ABOUTmain tools we are preferential loans, issuing subsidies for scientific research, co m pension losses from natural disasters, payment for a new vehicle technology and new technologies, etc.In the USA it applies up to 30 different h new types of material and technical support d holdings of farmers and others about farming In Russia, only 2 billion rubles have been allocated from the federal budget for these purposes, but even that amount is used ineffectively. Budgetary funds cover the losses of agricultural machinery manufacturers, and they undertake to sell such equipment with e a big discount from the price that they themselves set [ 7 ]. In developed and developing countries to help farmers with side of the state isup to 90%. On average, she kept and hangs out in the world at the level of 50% of total wages A spending on agricultural production n new products. The Russian government can and should take upon itself the solution of the main financial issue: due to r e price regulation will be completely resolved O the problem of eliminating disparity in rural areas b agricultural and industrial products . This is the root question and the main mechanism of growthunderstanding economic conditionsagricultural production d s tva .
Russian scientists have been proving and convincing for decades government of the country in neob need to decide to take such a step. F. Roosevelt in the years great crisis(1929 – 1933 ) solved this problem to the law on dative order. She turned out to be the main thing for recovery food flattery provision of the country.
To everyone who visits villages and villages with e of today's Russia, rush I can see the extreme desolation of the countryside, agriculture, the entire infrastructure, poverty and hopelessness, squalor of housing, devastation at sewing livestock complexes, d O horn and production villages threes. Os o very heavy picture formed in heaven onakh Central Not black earth zones, in Siberia and the Far East. Many d O horns, schools, medical, household and cool b Tourist institutions in rural areas have come to the united states A doc. Special signs of their ma With I don’t see staff restoration and development T Xia. Only food is put in order And individual point objects taken under control at only 5% of the total number of such objects in the industry.
Historical experience is convincing d insisted that numerous attempts to solve old and new problems of the village- consolidation and deconsolidation of farms, introduction of O the latest systems of agriculture and land reclamation,technological revolution marriage agricultural enterprises And activities, sending managers and specialists from industrial enterprises to the villages d acceptance, introduction of cost accounting and others about r ganization and technological measures met O house of the "main link"- had a positive impact only on T effective performance indicators of agricultural enterprises within limited territories O riy. Large-scale, national indicators of the country's agricultural development remained low or very low. For duration 6th period in post-war period only twice- after the September Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee (1953) and implementation Contd. freedom program (1980– 1985), k o where for agriculture were highlighted and investments in the amount of 25% of total capital investments in the national economy of the country, etc. O there was a noticeable increase in the rate of gross agricultural production b skogo economy. Mobilization plans and the comprehensive use of significantly increased investment volumes have resulted in A significant positive results.
It is necessary to clearly understand that agriculture differs from other sectors and industries of the national economy. O miki two features.
Firstly, this is absolutely non-monopoly b naya industry. In the classics of the agricultural industry n This complex is divided into three spheres: O production of agricultural machinery, fertilizers, technical maintenance; livestock and crop production and, n A end, food and precycling industry about thinking. So many owners T warring entities in any sector n A There is no national economy.
Secondly, to a large extent With infantry in the agro-industrial complex And sieve depending on the agroclimatic factor, in A to a significant degree beyond human control O century, and from the so-called biological cycles. If you were born today e chick, then after 18 months she will become a heifer of breeding age - it will be possible to bring a bull to her. She will become heifer - we have to wait another nine months; By then she will become a cow and give the first t O cooked products- milk. Three years will passso that it begins to recoup its costs. In this regard, let’s say your milk prices have fallen - and you have nowhere to put it. But if you don't milk the cow once - she must be taken to a meat processing plant, where she will be deprived of her life in thirty seconds. And this is after three years of work.
Let us turn to the state policy of price regulation. The main profit settles T in the field of processing and distribution at tion. X farms need not so much I washed the dot a tions, how much consistent pricing policy and affordable, debt O urgent loans to develop and m O sod production. Currently, the total amount of accounts payable l womanhood is about 2 trillion rubles, and revenue from the sale of agricultural products T wine products with a profitability of 3–4%- about 3 trillion rubles. OchevIt is clear that in such a situationself-acceptance I thoroughly solve the problem of repayment A duties is impossible. Need specialists And national economic measures to contain a niya of high edges ditny rates. It would be possible for those industries that are gender at tea t federal budget support and ku, including for the purchase of equipment at knowledge and technology, issue loans at discount rate BAnka of Russia, increased by 2–3% [ 6 ] .
In addition, every year in Russia the share of imported products increases. And tania, while in developed countries (USA and EU states) agricultural production volumes are approximately 30% higher than the population's food needs about food products - this difference and enters the Russian market. According to the banners And that pyramid needs about A. Maslow, given the trend poses a threat to human life and health. When analyzing the competitiveness of agriculture th In the region, it is necessary to note the fact that the trade margin is 40%, while in the world it ranges from 8 to 12% .
The main competitive advantages e agricultural products are And native resources, personnel qualifications, level of technology and quality of production d amount of agricultural products, m A material and financial resources, cash And whose state support and hara To ter competition. The main obstacle to the development of conc at ration of domestic agriculture is the fact that a significant part of the proceeds remains with farmers O middlemen, agricultural products themselves h drivers sell products To tion at low prices, and entry to the market is virtually closed to farmers. It is known that in all sectors of the economy profit is concentrated And is created in separate parts of the chain A cost of production. For this reason not every enterprise strives to take placeso in those areas where profithigher. That is why today in Russia Prior and tetna mediator and economic activity, not production.
Rural competitiveness x about farms - this is the situation of agricultural production O drivers in the foreign and domestic markets in certain conditions of economic development O miki, politics, society, etc. d. The goal of increasing the competitiveness of any industry is to increase the level and A quality of life of the population. Basis pov sheniya competitor about The ability of agriculture is an innovative way of development. At the same time, neo b It is worth noting the fact that in Russia in agriculture T We use in practice about 4% of all scientific developments, while in developed countriesthis figure has reached and that's 50%.
A factor in increasing competition O agricultural property serves as a O the health of the earth. It is worth noting that in Ro With only 8% of fertile land remains e strands that meet international standards.
Most its characteristic negative proprocesses in the Novosibirsk region Asti I'm in soil erosion occurs, hydration and waterlogging of lands, salinization, overgrowing of forage lands with shrubs and chalk O forest Increasing negative air th impacts on the soil cover lead to a decrease in soil fertility and, with ledov a Consequently, to a decrease in yield rurality economic crops. Total area of erosion- and deflation-hazardous soilsagricultural lands diy N o Vosibirsk region is 7.8%, including arable land- 13.6%. Erosion is T being one of the most dangerous species gradation, calldestruction of soils and loss of their fertility, leading to and water pollution emov, siltation of small and large rivers [ 10 ].
Thus, in the current environment A new economic restrictions gender And tactics of the Russian Federation is aimed at establishing and strengthening the agro-industrial complex for both With ensuring the country's food security and implementing import policies O substitutions. Economicwhich sanctions became a catalyst active growth of competitiveness agriculture, st. and a mule for further development of innovations tion activities in the agro-industrial complex and pre-production T rotation of possible deficiency on edema e national market of agricultural products. To achieve the goals set by the Government of the Russian Federation e A number of government programs and activities have been developed. Main pr O program of support for rural development O state economy is the “State program h development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural markets new products, s rya and food for 2013–2020”, approved by the Government And by the Russian Federation in July 2012.
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CURRENT STATUS OF AGRICULTURE RUSSIAN
A.I. Ageenko, graduate student
Y.E. Bessonova, graduate student
E.Y. Zavalniuk, senior lecturer
V.V. Tsyngueva, senior lecturer
Novosibirsk state agricultural university
(Russia, Novosibirsk)
Abstract.The primary goal of economic development is the modernization-tion, improving the competitiveness of agricultural production. The article deals with the level of development of Russian agriculture at the present stage, the relevance of increasing the effectivenessncy of domestic agriculture, particularly Russia-sky agriculture.
Keywords:efficiency, agricultural production, the state-tion regulation, import substitution, state program.
1. Zeltser Alexander Meerovich. Study of the physiological mechanism of digestion in calves when feeding canned grain mixture (GMR) There is a review.
The formation of ruminal digestion when feeding grain mixtures containing 50 and 75% of wet canned corn grain mixture (GMR) with a fiber content of 6.0-6.5% is achieved by gradually introducing feed over 36-42 days with an interval of 5-7 days. With this method of feeding calves ZSS, the maximum values of the enzyme activity of the microflora of the rumen contents and the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were obtained. There was no established advantage in the indicators of rumen digestion, digestibility of nutrients, daily gains and metabolic energy costs per unit of production between groups of calves 20-130 days of age who received a dry grain mixture and feed in their diet, including from 15 to 50% ZSS corn. Consumption of GR by calves more than 42 g per kg LW^(0.75.) leads to suppression of the enzymatic activity of rumen microflora and reduces the use of nutrients and animal productivity.
2. Bylinskaya Daria Alexandrovna. Financial support for agriculture in the Republic of Belarus There is a review.
Co-authors: Mesha Maria Sergeevna, 3rd year student, Polesie State University. Scientific supervisor: Natalya Leontievna Davydova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Polesie State University
The article discusses issues of financing agriculture of the Republic of Belarus, in accordance with the State Program for the Development of Agricultural Business in the Republic of Belarus for 2016 - 2020. The problems of financing the agro-industrial complex and ways to solve them have been identified.
3. Khoruzhaya Natalya Nikolaevna. Mechanism of budget financing of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Belarus There is a review. The article was published in No. 69 (May) 2019
Co-authors: Antsipovich Dmitry Sergeevich, student. Chernoruk Svetlana Vasilievna, senior lecturer, Polesie State University
The article reflects the role of agricultural finance in the use of funds from the state budget of the Republic of Belarus. During the analysis, the place and role of agriculture in the national economy was identified, the main directions in which agriculture is supported in the Republic of Belarus, and the amount of financing in each direction were considered. The State Program for the Development of Agricultural Business for 2016-2020 was also analyzed. (the work considers 2017-2019). The study showed that, subject to further competent financing of the agro-industrial complex, agriculture will take a leading position among countries near and far abroad, and will also increase the share of imports of agricultural products.
4. Mikaberidze Malkhaz Shotaevich. Drying prunes in a field of infrared rays There is a review. Article published in No. 68 (April) 2019
The article is devoted to the intensification of the processes of drying prunes in the field of infrared (IR) rays. We studied the modes of the technological operation of drying plum fruits and analyzed the thermal process using a graphical method. Numerous experiments carried out and the positive results obtained indicate the feasibility and prospects of drying plums in the field of IR rays.
5. Zhunis Zhansia Sembekovna. DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGRICULTURAL LOGISTICS CENTER AND COMPLIANCE WITH MODERN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS There is a review.
Co-authors: Shartaev Ayan Sadykovich, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Architecture and Design, Kazakh Agrotechnical University named after S. Seifullin
The article examines how architectural design is based on a logistics center. Introducing the same logistics center into global practice, providing a business-oriented, domestic logistics center with its own style of orientation.
6. Sleptsova Lyudmila Petrovna. Activation of innovative activities of horticultural enterprises There is a review. The article was published in No. 66 (February) 2019
Co-authors:
This article substantiates organizational and economic methods for increasing the innovative activity of horticultural enterprises, which will ensure their profitable management. A statistical survey of the development of horticulture in Ukraine, including in the Vinnytsia region, was carried out. It was found that for the development of horticulture, it is necessary to search for effective organizational and economic measures to enhance the innovative activities of horticultural enterprises. To increase the innovative activity of industrial gardening, state agricultural policy is of great importance, one of the main strategic goals of which is to transfer the agricultural sector to the most modern socio-economic relations. One of the ways to enhance innovation activity in a horticultural enterprise is to create an innovation unit in order to formulate strategic directions for the implementation of innovations and determine the feasibility of implementation.
7. Vasilyeva Tatyana Igorevna. Kinesio taping as a promising method of treatment and prevention in veterinary medicine There is a review.
Co-authors: Parshina Valentina Ivanovna, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
The article discusses the technique of taping animals using special elastic veterinary tapes as a method of treating and preventing injuries and pathological conditions of the musculoskeletal system in animals.
8. Horuzhaya Natalya Nikolaevna. ANALYSIS AND WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL FINANCE AT JSC "KOSSOVO" There is a review. The article was published in No. 64 (December) 2018
Co-authors: Chernoruk S. V., senior lecturer of the Department of Finance, Faculty of Banking, Poles State University
In this work, an analysis of the income and financial condition of the agricultural organization of OJSC Kossovo was carried out, and measures were developed to eliminate the identified problems.
9. Panasovets Yulia Aleksandrovna. Assessment of the state of agriculture in the Republic of Belarus There is a review.
Co-authors: Chernoruk Svetlana Vasilievna, senior lecturer, Department of Finance, Polesie State University
This article analyzes the state of agriculture in the Republic of Belarus for the period 2015-2017. Within the framework of this issue, the structure of agricultural products, changes in the industrial production index and the dynamics of production of basic agricultural products were analyzed. The role of agriculture for the Republic of Belarus is also defined.
10. Kalyuk Vadim Alexandrovich. Improving the system for assessing the level of agricultural development There is a review. The article was published in No. 63 (November) 2018
Co-authors: Degtyarevich Iosif Iosifovich, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Organization of Production in the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Grodno State Agrarian University, Republic of Belarus
The article provides a brief analysis of the results of achieving the target indicators of the regional program for the development of agricultural organizations in the Zelvensky district of the Grodno region, and formulates the tasks for their implementation. In terms of improving the system for assessing the level of agricultural development, it was proposed to introduce a profit indicator per 1 point-hectare of cadastral valuation of farmland and a corresponding analysis was carried out for agricultural organizations in the Zelvensky district in comparison with the regional average.
11. Grabovsky Nikolai Borisovich. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SORGUM AND CORN IN JOINT CROPPING There is a review.
The article presents the results of determining the duration of the interphase and growing seasons and biometric indicators of sweet sorghum and corn in joint crops. The duration of phenological phases and growing seasons is 2-3 days longer in joint crops of sweet sorghum and corn compared to single-species crops. The maximum plant height (294.2 and 249.7 cm) and leaf surface area (56.1 thousand m2/ha) was achieved for the joint cultivation of hybrids of sweet sorghum Dovista and corn Bystritsa 400 MV.
12. Kucher Larisa Ivanovna. The effect of using soil protection technologies on meadow-chernozem soil in relation to potassium There is a review. The article was published in No. 61 (September) 2018
The influence of soil protection technologies, which are based on minimal soil cultivation, on the content of exchangeable potassium in meadow-chernozem leached soil is considered, and the feasibility of using minimal cultivation in relation to exchangeable potassium is substantiated. The removal of potassium by corn for silage and spring barley using plowing and minimal cultivation was calculated.
13. Kremenchuk Roman Ivanovich. ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTATION ABILITY OF LAVENDER (LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA) TO LOW TEMPERATURES There is a review.
The relevance of research on narrow-leaved lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) in the growing conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, in uncharacteristic growing conditions for the crop, is highlighted. The influence of low temperatures on the structural parts of shoots of 8 varieties of domestic and foreign selection was analyzed. Based on the research results, lavender varieties resistant to low temperatures have been identified, which can be recommended to producers for their introduction in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
14. Kucher Larisa Ivanovna. Indicators of the parameters of the root system of seedlings of low-growing hybrid forms of pear (pirus communis l.) depending on the timing of sowing. There is a review. Article published in No. 58 (June) 2018
The results of studying the root system of seedlings of low-growing hybrid forms of pear selected by the Institute of Pomology named after. L.P.Simirenka. Most of them with a developed root system were obtained as a result of autumn sowing of seeds.
15. Menshchikova Yana Vitalievna. INFLUENCE OF ZIRCON AND POTASSIUM SULPHATE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF TOMATOES OF THE “GINA” VARIETY There is a review. The article was published in No. 57 (May) 2018
Co-authors: Menshchikova Yana Vitalievna, bachelor, student, Kurgan State University, Department of Biology; Lushnikova Tatyana Aleksandrovna, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Biology, Kurgan State University
Treatment with a growth regulator zircon and potassium sulfate stimulates the growth of stems, leaves and increases the yield of tomatoes, and also helps to increase tissue water content, relative turgidity, water-holding capacity, photosynthesis intensity, respiration intensity, pigment content, while helping to reduce water deficiency.
16. Shepherd Anastasia Alexandrovna. STATE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS. PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLUTION There is a review. The article was published in No. 52 (December) 2017
Co-authors: Scientific supervisor: Sergey Vasilievich Galkovsky, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economic Theory, Polesie State University
The article analyzes agriculture in the Republic of Belarus and identifies problems and ways to solve them.
17. Kucher Larisa Ivanovna. Content of exchangeable potassium in meadow-chernozem soil using minimal cultivation There is a review. The article was published in No. 50 (October) 2017
The influence of minimal cultivation on the content of exchangeable potassium in the meadow-chernozem soil of the Andrushevsky natural and agricultural region, as well as the yield of silage corn, is considered.
18. Tarnavskaya Ekaterina Petrovna. Features of growth and development of Jonagold clones of Ukrainian selection There is a review. The article was published in No. 47 (July) 2017
The results of studying the characteristics of the growth and development of trees of 20 Jonagold clones in the conditions of Podolia are presented. Research has shown that spontaneous clones of the Jonagold DP-5, DP-13, DP-14, DP-17 varieties are characterized by a more restrained tree growth rate compared to the original variety. The duration of the growing season for all tested clones in the research area was 215±6 - 217±8 days. The timing and duration of the phenological phases of trees of spontaneous clones depended on the weather conditions of the growing seasons. The beginning of flowering in plants of all clones for the entire study period was recorded in the first ten days of May; the duration was 10±1 - 11±2 days. Harvesting maturity of the fruits occurred at 12.09±7 – 22.09±2. The biological properties of clone plants correspond to the climatic conditions of the research region.
19. Likhovid Pavel Vladimirovich. RECLAMATION CONDITION OF SOIL DEPENDING ON THE DEPTH OF ITS BASIC TILLAGE ON SUGAR CORN CROWS There is a review. The article was published in No. 42 (February) 2017
Co-authors: Ushkarenko Viktor Aleksandrovich, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Head of the Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy, Kherson State Agrarian University, Ukraine
The results of a study of the influence of the depth of main soil cultivation on its reclamation state on sweet corn crops are presented. It has been established that with drip irrigation with water of quality class II, a gradual deterioration in the reclamation state of the soil occurs, which is reflected in an increase in the content of general and toxic salts in the 0-50 cm layer. More intense salt accumulation is observed when plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm. Concentration of toxic salts increased significantly with the main tillage to a depth of 20-22 cm. Research has shown that, regardless of the depth of the main tillage, processes of secondary salinization of the soil are inevitable under the influence of low-quality irrigation water.
20. Sergey Veronica Viktorovna. Problems of bank lending to agricultural enterprises and ways to solve them There is a review.
Co-authors: Volodko Olga Vladimirovna, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics of Production Organization; EE "Polessk State University"
This article analyzes bank lending to agricultural enterprises. The current state policy regarding bank lending to agricultural enterprises has been studied; promising directions in the development of bank lending to enterprises of the agro-industrial complex have been identified, and the most effective methods have been identified to enable a reduction in negative indicators in this area in a short time.
Features of meat productivity of French cattle in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals
A comparative description of the slaughter performance of French beef cattle is presented. The morphological, varietal and chemical composition of meat is given.
2009 / Bakharev A. A., Krinitsyna T. P., Lysenko L. A.Condition of cattle hooves at different ages and analysis of the causes of their damage
In recent years, against the backdrop of obvious successes of breeders in increasing the milk productivity of cows, the productive longevity of cows, especially highly productive ones, has been steadily declining. One of the reasons for this is the increase in the number of diseases of the limbs, in particular the hooves.
2008 / Bystrova I. Yu.Introduction of the Transbaikal knotweed in the conditions of the hilly-plain steppe of Northern Kazakhstan
In the experiments, which were carried out in the hilly-plain agricultural zone of the Akmola region, the optimal periods of mowing ripeness were determined when cultivating for silage and for vitamin-rich grass meal. It has been established that when harvesting for vitamin herbal flour (budding phase), the content...
2008 / Bushueva A.V.Level of mineral nutrition and quality of potato tubers
Application of fertilizers at higher rates led to a decrease in the content of starch and dry substances compared to the control (without fertilizers). A correlation dependence of the accumulation of nitrates (y) in potato tubers with a consistent increase in the dose of nitrogen fertilizer (x) in the composition of NPK,...
2009 / Simonenko N.K.Analysis of radionuclide activity in biogeoceoses of the southwestern regions of the Bryansk region
An analysis of long-term data on the activity of radionuclides in the main components of forest and meadow biogeocenoses in radiation-contaminated areas of the Bryansk region was carried out. It has been shown that the highest 137Cs radioactivity is characteristic of the moss-lichen layer, in the fruiting bodies of mushrooms and...
2009 / Bulokhov A.D., Borzdyko E.V., Panasenko N.N., Skovorodnikova N.A.Elemental composition of humic acids in peats of the Middle Ob region
The article presents the results of a study of the elemental composition of humic acid molecules extracted from the surface layers of various types of peats in the Middle Ob region, which made it possible to obtain important information about the structure of these substances.
2008 / Sartakov M. P.Infestation of spring barley crops depending on mineral nutrition conditions
The dynamics of weed infestation in spring barley crops grown on gray forest well-cultivated soils is considered, depending on the level of mineral nutrition
2007 / Torikov V. E., Melnikova O. V., Klimenkov F. I.Sel-plex and iodocasein in the pre-start diet of broiler chickens
The introduction of organic forms of selenium and iodine into the pre-start diet of broiler chickens has a beneficial effect on the digestibility and use of nutrients in poultry feed, helps to increase the biological usefulness of meat, productivity and safety of broilers.
2009 / Shatskikh E.V.Productivity of early ripening varieties of spring wheat under the influence of treatments of seeds and plants with protective and stimulating compounds
In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region, the influence of pre-sowing seed treatment with microelements, growth regulators and fungicide treatment of crops on the productivity of early ripening varieties of spring wheat was studied.
2009 / Belkina R.I., Savchenko A.A.Zinc in soils and crop products of stationary experiment
The article presents the results of a study of zinc content in chernozem soils and crop products. A low zinc content in soils has been established, which indicates the need for widespread use of zinc fertilizers on agricultural crops. Zinc content as in...
2009 / Voropaev V. N., Pashkova O. M.The use of feed mixtures in the diets of dairy cows
In the course of research, it was found that when feeding dairy cows with feed mixtures of different compositions, the productivity and quality indicators of milk increase. To obtain a homogeneous mixture, it is necessary to increase the mixing time and reduce the cutting size of hay and silage.
2010 / Morozova T. M., Gamko L. N.The use of enzyme preparations in feeding first-calf cows during the milking period
The results of studies of the influence of enzyme additives fibrozyme and cellobacterin on the digestibility, use of nutrients in diets and milk productivity of black-and-white cows are presented.
2009 / Volynkina M. G., Khlystunova V. A.Epizootological and clinical-pathomorphological features of urinary tract infections of bacterial etiology in pigs
Specific and nonspecific urinary tract infections are relatively widespread among sows (10% and 19.8%, respectively) in pig farms in the West Siberian region. The main etiological factor in specific urocystitis and pyelonephritis is A. suis, and in...
2008 / Pleshakova V.I., Drozdova L.I., Lorengel T.I., Knyazeva E.V.Epizootological monitoring of poultry and wild bird influenza in the Sverdlovsk region
The relevance and practical significance of the problem of avian influenza dictate the need for a broad approach to epizootic monitoring, which will make it possible to foresee trends and patterns of development of the epizootic process, develop scientifically based elimination programs and prevent...
2010 / Markovskaya S. A., Petrova O. G., Koritnyak B. M., Kitaev N. S.Intraspecific differentiation of the Niedzwiecki apple tree, taxonomic relationship and difference with other ornamental apple trees
Based on the index of the shape of the corolla petals, the zone of size and shape of the leaf blades, intraspecific differentiation of the Nedzvetsky apple tree in the landscaping plantings of Yekaterinburg was established. The taxonomic relationship and difference between ornamental apple trees of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Garden...
Humic preparations and polyazophos in biological potato growing
The effectiveness of using the complex of paste fertilizers (PFC) "Polyazophos" and humic preparations "Gumistim" and "Gumisol-Sk" on potatoes has been established. The influence of these substances on plant development, product quality, crop safety, and disease damage to plants and tubers has been studied.
2008 / Marukhlenko A.V., Svist V.N., Borisova N.P., Molyavko A.A.