Job description for pool lifeguard. Job description for professional emergency rescue teams. Head of communications workshop

Rescuers and their status

The status of rescuers is a set of rights and obligations established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and guaranteed by the state to rescuers. The peculiarities of the status of rescuers are determined by the responsibilities assigned to them to participate in emergency response work and the associated threat to their life and health.


Citizens of the Russian Federation acquire the status of rescuers based on the decision of the relevant certification bodies based on the results of certification after these citizens have undergone a medical examination, fulfilled physical fitness standards, trained in rescue training programs and are certified to carry out emergency rescue operations.


Citizens of the Russian Federation, when making a decision to assign them the status of rescuers, certification bodies are issued a certificate of the established form, a rescuer book, intended to record the rescuer’s participation in emergency response work, a badge with the surname, first name and patronymic, blood type and registration number of the rescuer printed on it. Rescuers undergo certification in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Rescuers who do not pass certification lose their status as rescuers. Rescuers of professional ACC and emergency rescue units are subject to mandatory state fingerprint registration.


Rescuers' rights:
1. Rescuers involved in emergency response work have the right to priority purchase of tickets for all types of transport when traveling to the place where said work is carried out.
2. During emergency response work, rescuers have the right to:

  1. complete and reliable information necessary for them to perform their duties;
  2. unhindered access to the territory and production facilities of organizations, to residential premises for emergency response work;
  3. requiring all persons located in emergency zones to comply with established safety measures;
  4. equipment and equipment in accordance with the technology of emergency rescue operations;
  5. use of communications, transport, property and other material resources of organizations located in emergency zones to save people and in case of emergency.

3. Medical and psychological rehabilitation of rescuers who took part in rescue operations is carried out in medical organizations and rehabilitation centers at the expense of funds for the maintenance of rescue services and units.
4. Rescuers of professional ACC and emergency rescue teams have the right to improve their theoretical knowledge and professional skills during working hours in the prescribed manner.
5. Rescuers of professional ACC and emergency rescue units have the right to be provided with food while on duty with the payment of expenses from funds allocated for the maintenance of emergency rescue services and emergency rescue units.
6. Rescuers of professional ACC and emergency rescue units who were injured during the performance of duties assigned to them by an employment contract have the right to priority medical care and payments in the amount of the average monthly salary at their main place of work.
7. Rescuers have the right to preferential pensions in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Guarantees for the activities of rescuers

1. State authorities, local self-government bodies and organizations are obliged to provide assistance to rescuers involved in emergency response work when they travel to participate in the said work and during their implementation, including providing transport and other necessary material means.
2. During emergency response work, rescuers are subordinate only to the leaders of the emergency response team and the emergency rescue teams in which they carry out the specified work.
3. No one has the right to force rescuers to perform tasks and work that are not related to the duties assigned to them by the employment contract.

Responsibilities of rescuers

Rescuers are obliged:
1. be ready to participate in emergency response work, improve your physical, special, medical, and psychological preparation;
2. improve skills of action as part of emergency rescue teams;
3. strictly follow the technology for carrying out emergency rescue operations;
4. actively search for victims, take measures to rescue them, provide them with first medical and other types of assistance;
5. strictly carry out orders given during emergency response work by the leaders of the emergency response system and emergency rescue teams, in which rescuers take part in carrying out these works;
6. Explain to citizens the rules of safe behavior in order to prevent emergencies and the procedure for action in the event of their occurrence.


The responsibilities of professional ACC rescuers and emergency rescue teams are determined by the relevant charters, manuals and are an integral part of the employment agreement (contract).

Hours of work (service) and rest, wages for rescuers

In daily activities, the mode of work (service) of rescuers of professional ACC and emergency rescue units is determined by internal labor regulations, duty schedules, schedules of classes or other special training events, and during the working day and working year is determined by the current medical requirements and sanitary and hygienic norms. The time on duty of rescuers at home in standby mode is taken into account at the rate of one-fourth of an hour for each hour of duty. When carrying out emergency response work, the working hours and working hours of rescuers can be changed and are established by emergency response managers, taking into account the nature of the emergency, the specifics of the response work and medical recommendations.


Rescuers of professional ACC, emergency rescue units are annually granted regular leave of 30 days if the rescuer has continuous work experience in professional ACC, emergency rescue units as rescuers for less than 10 years, 35 days if he has worked as a professional rescuer for more than 10 years and 40 days. with continuous experience as a rescuer for more than 15 years.


In addition, professional rescuers for participating in emergency response work throughout the year are provided with additional paid leave of no more than 15 days at the rate of one day of leave per 24 hours of work. Rescuers of non-staff and voluntary emergency rescue units, as well as rescuers who are not members of these units, may be given monetary compensation in exchange for additional leave in the amount and in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.


Remuneration for the labor of professional ACC rescuers and emergency rescue teams is made in accordance with the employment contract. Its amount cannot be lower than the wages of workers in leading working specialties of the specified organizations.

Rescuers' right to housing

Rescuers of the ACC, emergency rescue teams of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and family members living with them, living quarters in accordance with the standards provided for by the housing legislation of the Russian Federation, at the expense of state, municipal or departmental housing funds, according to the affiliation of these services and formations are provided on a priority basis. The conditions for the provision of residential premises to rescuers of professional ACCs and emergency rescue teams of organizations are determined by the employment contract.


Families of those killed (deceased) in the performance of their official duties as professional rescuers, as well as families of rescuers involved in emergency response work and those killed (deceased) during the said work, who needed housing (improved living conditions), retain the right to it receipt (improvement of living conditions). Living quarters are provided to these families no later than six months from the date of death of the rescuers. Rescuers of professional ACC and emergency rescue teams have the right to install apartment telephones at current rates as a matter of priority.

I APPROVED
Supervisor "____________"
____________ (____________)
JOB DESCRIPTION
for professional rescue teams
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. This job description defines the functional duties, rights and responsibilities of professional emergency rescue teams.
1.2. A professional emergency rescue unit is understood as an independent or part of the emergency rescue service structure designed to carry out emergency rescue operations, the basis of which is rescue units equipped with special equipment, equipment, equipment, tools and materials.
1.3. Emergency rescue operations are actions to save people, material and cultural values, protect the natural environment in the emergency zone, localize emergency situations and suppress or reduce to the minimum possible level the impact of their characteristic hazardous factors. Emergency rescue operations are characterized by the presence of factors that threaten the life and health of the people carrying out these operations, and require special training, equipment and equipment.
1.4. Professional emergency rescue teams can carry out their activities to service objects and territories on a contractual basis. Funds received from completed contracts are directed to budget revenue at the appropriate level of the budget system of the Russian Federation.
1.5. Due to the special nature of the activities of professional emergency rescue units, their management presupposes strict compliance by all employees of professional emergency rescue units with orders and instructions given by the head of the specified unit.
1.6. Stopping work as a means of resolving a collective labor dispute in professional emergency rescue units is not permitted.
1.7. The readiness of professional emergency rescue teams to respond to emergency situations and carry out work to eliminate them is checked during certification, as well as during inspections carried out within its powers by the federal executive body specifically authorized to solve problems in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations, state supervision bodies, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies specially authorized to solve problems in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations.
1.8. A rescuer of a professional emergency rescue unit can be a citizen trained and certified to carry out emergency rescue operations.
2. FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Rescuers of professional emergency rescue teams are obliged to:
2.1. Be ready to participate in emergency response work, improve your physical, special, medical, and psychological preparation.
2.2. Improve skills of action as part of professional emergency rescue teams.
2.3. Strictly follow the technology for carrying out emergency rescue operations.
2.4. Actively search for victims, take measures to save them, provide them with first medical and other types of aid.
2.5. Strictly carry out orders given during the work to eliminate emergency situations by the head of the emergency rescue unit, in which rescuers take part in carrying out these works.
2.6. Explain to citizens the rules of safe behavior in order to prevent emergency situations and the procedure for action in case of their occurrence.
2.7. The responsibilities of rescuers of professional emergency rescue teams are determined by the relevant charters, instructions and are an integral part of the employment agreement (contract).
2.8. __________________________________________________.
3. RIGHTS
Rescuers of professional emergency rescue teams have the right to:
3.1. Extraordinary purchase of tickets for all types of transport when traveling to the place of liquidation of emergency situations.
3.2. Complete and reliable information necessary for them to perform their duties.
3.3. Unobstructed access to the territory and production facilities of organizations, to residential premises for carrying out work to eliminate emergency situations.
3.4. Requiring all persons located in emergency zones to comply with established safety measures.
3.5. Equipment and equipment in accordance with the technology of emergency rescue operations.
3.6. The use of communications, transport, property and other material resources of organizations located in emergency zones to save people and in cases of emergency in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.7. Medical and psychological rehabilitation, if they took part in rescue operations, provided in medical organizations and rehabilitation centers at the expense of funds for the maintenance of rescue units.
3.8. Improving your theoretical knowledge and professional skills during working hours in the prescribed manner.
3.9. Providing food while on duty with payment of expenses from funds allocated for their maintenance.
3.10. Rescuers of professional emergency rescue teams who were injured during the performance of duties assigned to them by an employment agreement (contract) have the right to priority medical care and payments in the amount of the average monthly salary at their main place of work.
3.11. Rescuers have the right to preferential pensions in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. RESPONSIBILITY
4.1. Professional emergency rescue teams serving organizations under contracts bear financial responsibility for damage caused to these organizations by improper actions during emergency response work. The amount of damage and the procedure for its compensation are determined in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4.2. Professional rescue teams serving organizations under contracts bear financial liability for damage caused by the suspension, in full or in part, of the organization’s activities in accordance with the procedure established by law, if the training and condition of the professional rescue teams created by these organizations or serving them under contracts, do not meet the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4.3. Rescuers guilty of failure to fulfill the duties assigned to them by an employment agreement (contract), intentionally causing harm to the health of rescued citizens during emergency response work, causing damage to the natural environment, material and cultural values, are subject to disciplinary, administrative, civil or criminal penalties. liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
5. WORKING CONDITIONS
5.1. In daily activities, the mode of work (service) of rescuers of professional emergency rescue units is determined by the internal labor regulations, duty schedules, schedules of classes or other special training events.
5.2. The work schedule of rescuers of professional emergency rescue teams during the working day and working year is determined by the current medical requirements and sanitary and hygienic standards.
5.3. The duty time of rescuers of professional emergency rescue teams at home in standby mode is taken into account in the amount of one-fourth of an hour for each hour of duty.
5.4. When carrying out work to eliminate emergency situations, the working hours and working hours of rescuers can be changed and are established by emergency response managers, taking into account the nature of emergency situations, the specifics of the work to eliminate them and medical recommendations.

I have read the instructions ______________/____________/
(signature)

Rescuer

Job responsibilities. Performs search and rescue and first priority emergency operations. Conducts a range of preparatory work necessary to rescue people. Accompanies experts or specialists in the disaster zone or affected area. Within the limits of his competence, he manages assigned military personnel and civilian specialists mobilized to eliminate the consequences of an emergency situation. Ensures maintenance and constant readiness of assigned equipment and property. Carries out preventive measures to prevent or reduce the consequences of accidents and natural disasters.

Must know: laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, methodological and regulatory documents relating to the activities of emergency rescue units; basics of sanitary and hygienic assessment of the situation and object; first aid techniques; methods and techniques of radio communication in radiotelephone mode; techniques and techniques for searching, extracting and transporting victims in various conditions; self-control techniques, safety precautions when working with means of transportation, mechanization and radio communications; the basics of survival in various climatic and natural conditions; methods of movement across various forms of relief; fundamentals of tactics and methods of carrying out rescue operations in case of vehicle accidents; purpose of technical means used when working in disaster zones; basic tactics and safe methods of working in contaminated environments, including those unsuitable for breathing; requirements for secrecy, preservation of official, commercial and state secrets, non-disclosure of confidential information; fundamentals of economics, organization of production, labor and management; basics of labor legislation; environmental regulations; labor protection and fire safety regulations; internal labor regulations.

Qualification requirements.

Rescuer: higher professional education and special training without requirements for work experience.

I CONFIRM:

[Job title]

_______________________________

_______________________________

[Name of company]

_______________________________

_______________________/[FULL NAME.]/

"_____" _______________ 20___

JOB DESCRIPTION

Rescuer

1. General Provisions

1.1. This job description defines and regulates the powers, functional and job responsibilities, rights and responsibilities of the rescuer [Name of the organization in the genitive case] (hereinafter referred to as the Company).

1.2. The rescuer is appointed to the position and dismissed from the position in the manner established by the current labor legislation by order of the head of the Company.

1.3. The rescuer belongs to the category of specialists.

1.4. The rescuer reports directly to [name of the immediate supervisor's position in the dative case] of the Company.

1.5. A person with the appropriate qualifications may be appointed to the position of rescuer:

Rescuer: secondary vocational education without requirements for work experience, mastery of two working professions necessary to perform job duties as part of a search and rescue unit.

Lifeguard 3rd class: secondary vocational education, work experience as a rescuer for at least 2 years, mastery of three working professions necessary to perform job duties as part of a search and rescue unit.

Rescuer 2nd class: secondary vocational education, work experience as a 3rd class rescuer for at least 2 years, mastery of five working professions necessary to perform official duties as part of a search and rescue unit.

Rescuer 1st class: higher professional education, work experience as a 2nd class rescuer for at least 3 years, mastery of seven working professions necessary to perform official duties as part of a search and rescue unit.

International class lifeguard: higher professional education, work experience as a 1st class rescuer for at least 3 years, mastery of eight working professions necessary to perform job duties as part of a search and rescue unit, possession of a document confirming knowledge of a foreign language.

1.6. The practical activities of a rescuer should be guided by:

  • legislation, regulations, as well as local acts and organizational and administrative documents;
  • internal labor regulations;
  • rules of labor protection and safety, ensuring industrial sanitation and fire protection;
  • this job description.

1.7. The rescuer must know:

  • Constitution of the Russian Federation;
  • laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies;
  • methodological and regulatory documents relating to the organization and conduct of emergency rescue and search and rescue operations;
  • rules, techniques, technology and sequence of search and rescue operations, including the use of canine crews;
  • methods and techniques for unblocking and transporting victims;
  • methods and techniques for working with fire equipment;
  • stages of organizing emergency psychological assistance;
  • the procedure for preparing for work and using emergency rescue tools;
  • the procedure for establishing communications and conducting radio exchanges;
  • methods of orientation on the ground;
  • basics of survival in extreme situations;
  • the basics of conducting emergency rescue operations using climbing equipment;
  • technical characteristics of mechanisms, machines and devices used during search and rescue operations;
  • main characteristics of individual and collective protective equipment;
  • methods and techniques for determining damaging factors in an emergency zone;
  • basics of diving rescue operations;
  • basics of labor legislation;
  • labor protection and fire safety rules.

1.9. During the temporary absence of the rescuer, his duties are assigned to [name of the deputy position].

2. Job responsibilities

The rescuer is required to perform the following job functions:

2.1. Performs emergency rescue, search and rescue, and other emergency operations in a variety of climates using appropriate equipment.

2.2. Maintains constant readiness to participate in emergency response activities.

2.3. Conducts a search for victims, including using special search devices, takes measures to rescue them, provides them with first aid and other types of assistance.

2.4. Performs duty as part of the duty shift of the search and rescue team.

2.5. Explains to citizens the rules of safe behavior in order to prevent emergency situations and the procedure for action in case of their occurrence.

2.6. Prepares emergency rescue equipment, property and equipment for emergency rescue operations.

2.7. Establishes and maintains radio communications during emergency rescue operations.

In case of official necessity, the rescuer may be involved in the performance of his official duties overtime, in the manner prescribed by law.

3. Rights

The rescuer has the right:

3.1. Receive complete reliable information about working conditions and labor protection requirements in the workplace.

3.2. Receive materials and documents related to issues of his professional activity.

3.3. Receive professional training, retraining and advanced training in the manner established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws.

3.4. Interact with other services of the enterprise on production and other issues included in its functional responsibilities.

3.5. Submit proposals for improvement of work related to the responsibilities provided for in this job description for the manager’s consideration.

3.6. Report to the manager about all identified violations and shortcomings in connection with the work performed.

3.7. Get a workplace that meets state regulatory requirements for labor protection and the conditions stipulated by the collective agreement.

3.8. Interact with all divisions of the Company to resolve operational issues of their professional activities.

4. Responsibility and performance evaluation

4.1. The rescuer bears administrative, disciplinary and material (and in some cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, criminal) responsibility for:

4.1.1. Failure to carry out or improperly carry out official instructions from the immediate supervisor.

4.1.2. Failure to perform or improper performance of one's job functions and assigned tasks.

4.1.3. Illegal use of granted official powers, as well as their use for personal purposes.

4.1.4. Inaccurate information about the status of the work assigned to him.

4.1.5. Failure to take measures to suppress identified violations of safety regulations, fire safety and other rules that pose a threat to the activities of the enterprise and its employees.

4.1.6. Failure to ensure compliance with labor discipline.

4.1.7. Offenses committed in the course of carrying out their activities - within the limits determined by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

4.1.8. Causing material damage and/or losses to the company or third parties associated with actions or inactions during the performance of official duties.

4.2. The rescuer’s work is assessed:

4.2.1. By the immediate supervisor - regularly, in the course of the employee’s daily performance of his labor functions.

4.2.2. By the certification commission of the enterprise - periodically, but at least once every two years, based on documented results of work for the evaluation period.

4.3. The main criterion for assessing the work of a rescuer is the quality, completeness and timeliness of his performance of the tasks provided for in these instructions.

5. Working conditions

5.1. The rescuer’s work schedule is determined in accordance with the internal labor regulations established at the enterprise.

5.2. Due to operational needs, the rescuer may go on business trips (including local ones).

I have read the instructions ______/____________/ “__” _______ 20__

Answer: Rescuers are obliged:

be ready to participate in emergency response work, improve your physical, special, medical, and psychological training;

improve skills of action as part of emergency rescue teams;

strictly follow the technology of emergency rescue operations;

actively search for victims, take measures to rescue them, provide them with first medical and other types of aid;

strictly carry out orders given during the work to eliminate emergency situations by the heads of emergency rescue services, emergency rescue units, in which rescuers take part in carrying out these works;

explain to citizens the rules of safe behavior in order to prevent emergency situations and the procedure for action in case of their occurrence.

2. The responsibilities of rescuers of professional emergency rescue services, professional emergency rescue teams are determined by the relevant charters, instructions and are an integral part of the employment agreement (contract).

Prepare equipment, tools, devices for work, maintain them in proper condition, possess skills and operating techniques;
- prepare for work and operate means of radiation and chemical reconnaissance, means of communication, warning, and provision of medical care;
- use personal and collective protective equipment;
- move in rough terrain, overcome water obstacles, rocky areas, snowy slopes, crevices, rubble;
- use fire extinguishing means;
- assess the current situation and make the optimal decision;
- determine the presence of damaging factors and possible ways (options) of emergency development;
- organize your work rationally and safely;
- search for victims using both improvised means and special equipment;
- remove victims from the lesion and transport them to a safe place;
- provide first aid to victims;
- provide self-help;
- dismantle the rubble;
- perform rigging, gas welding, loading and unloading operations;
- be aware of the degree of risk;
- interact with other participants in the work, perform work under the influence of one or more extreme factors (height, confined spaces, lack of lighting, gas pollution, smoke, difficult weather conditions, etc.);
- carry out landing in the affected area from a helicopter and an airplane by parachute, using a rope system from land and water vehicles;
- perform work in compliance with safety requirements;
- carry out search and rescue and emergency restoration work in conditions of almost any natural and man-made emergency;
- navigate the terrain;
- survive in various emergencies;
- organize the evacuation of victims and the population from the danger zone;
- turn off the supply of fuels, lubricants and aggressive substances, gas, water, electricity, which are a source of emergencies or are potentially dangerous;
- carry out rescue operations with animals, material assets, food;
- localize the spread of emergency situations;
- perform work in combat conditions or when there is a possibility of their occurrence;
- use mobile electrical installations, compressors, pumps and food preparation points;
- choose the optimal methods of work and means of labor;
- perform physical work of varying severity under conditions of emotional stress;
- work under conditions of personal risk;
- work in changing natural and anthropogenic conditions;
- carry out operational control over the condition of the facility and the environment;
- work in various working positions;
- work to the limit of a person’s physical and emotional capabilities;
- exert a psychological influence on the victim, prevent panic and take on the role of leader;
- recover quickly.

Causes, consequences and nature of emergencies of anthropogenic and natural nature;
- terminology;
- rights and functional responsibilities of rescuers during RPS, requirements for rescuers;
- structure of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia;
- rules for storage and operation of equipment, tools, devices used during RPS;
- rules for storing and using protective equipment;
- safety rules and instructions;
- technical characteristics of the equipment, machinery, tools, devices used;
- rules, techniques and sequence of RPS implementation;
- techniques, methods and means of searching for victims;
- alarm, symbols, codes;
- rules for operating lifting equipment and rules for performing rigging work;
- rules for conducting reconnaissance;
- methods and techniques for determining the presence of damaging factors;
- techniques for conducting RPS in particularly hazardous conditions;
- doses of safe human exposure to dangerous and harmful factors (radiation, light energy, temperature, SDYA, etc.);
- time of safe stay of a person in extreme situations;
- methods and techniques for determining the condition of victims and the complexity of injuries;
- first aid techniques;
- techniques for providing self-help and self-rescue;
- rules for the operation of communication and warning means;
- optimal ways to move in different conditions;
- basics of survival in adverse conditions;
- rules for organizing temporary camps and halts;
- methods and techniques for extracting victims from the rubble, damaged vehicles, and from the upper floors of destroyed buildings;
- ways and methods of extracting victims from cracks, caves, failures, from avalanches, mudflows, landslides, snow;
- methods of orientation on the ground;
- methods of carrying out work in combat conditions in the presence of mined areas;
- rules for saving animals, plants, food, material assets;
- methods of working with air, land and water transport;
- features of work with the involvement of the canine service;
- types of main SDYAVs, their physicochemical properties, nature of the impact on victims;
- rules for organizing the workplace;
- basic means, methods of preventing and extinguishing fires;
- MPC of hazardous substances when performing chemical reconnaissance;
- methods of protection against modern weapons;
- rules for organizing the evacuation of victims and the population;
- features of the region of responsibility;
- fundamentals of psychology and pedagogy;
- recovery methods;
- rules of interaction.

Along with the listed knowledge and skills, the rescuer must have the following basic professional qualities specific to this profession:
- the ability to perform monotonous movements for a long time, in the presence of great physical and emotional stress, in uncomfortable working positions;
- the ability to move quickly and perform work in various conditions (anthropogenic and natural), as well as in the presence of real and potential danger;
- the ability to independently choose the optimal pace of work, compare it with the pace of work of other rescuers, machinery and equipment;
- the ability to quickly perceive and quickly process information in conditions of poor visibility, sound interference, sudden changes in illumination, dust, smoke and other distracting factors;
- the ability to evaluate and distinguish the speed and direction of movement of objects;
- the ability to adequately respond to a sudden danger;
- the ability to simultaneously observe several objects or their parts;
- the ability to perceive, differentiate and isolate “useful” sound information from general noise;
- the ability to endure short-term significant physical and neuro-emotional overloads, quickly switch attention, readiness to perceive new loads, sensations, impressions;
- the ability to confidently and accurately recognize objects by their shape and outline;
- the ability to balance one’s strengths with the work ahead;
- the ability to determine the distance between objects;
- the ability to endure unpleasant impressions without pronounced emotional stress;
- the ability to independently make changes to work and quickly make decisions when the situation changes;
- the ability to quickly and accurately perform actions and maintain stability of motor reactions under the influence of extreme factors, in conditions of time shortage;
- the ability to suppress drowsiness and work effectively at different times of the day;
- conscientiousness, courage, sense of duty, endurance, self-control, responsibility and collectivism;
- the ability to coordinate their activities with the work of other rescuers;
- ability to perform work safely;
- the ability to gain experience, learn from mistakes and be able to recognize the degree of risk;
- ability to mutual understanding, compassion.

3. Manual fire escapes: types, purpose, design, technical characteristics, timing and testing procedure.

Answer: To lift firefighters to the upper floors and onto the roofs of burning buildings, manual fire escapes are used during rescue operations. Fire departments are armed with three types of manual fire escapes: a stick ladder (LP), an assault ladder (LS) and a three-legged retractable ladder (L-ZK).

To ensure the efficiency and safety of firefighters when lifting and working at height, manual ladders must be simple in design, relatively light, durable and stable.

For the manufacture of stairs, high-quality varieties of various types of wood or light, high-strength metals are used. Wooden strings of stairs are made from selected and first grade pine. It is allowed to make bowstrings from individual glued strips. The steps are made of first grade hardwood (oak, ash, beech). Wooden parts of stairs are hot impregnated with natural drying oil and then coated with colorless varnish. Metal stairs are stronger, lighter and more durable than wooden ones. The disadvantages of metal stairs are electrical conductivity and the possibility of corrosion in the internal cavities of metal structural elements.

Stick ladder(LP) is a wooden single-leg folding ladder. When extended, it is used, as a rule, to lift firefighters out of a window on the first floor of a building or into a room, and when folded, it is used to break through wooden partitions and door panels or knock off plaster.

The stick ladder consists of two wooden strings with a failed section and eight steps. A special feature of the ladder is the hinged fastening of the steps in the longitudinal plane of the strings, which allows them to be brought together until they are completely closed when folding the ladder into a stick of oval cross-section. When folding the ladder, its steps are placed in triangular grooves on the inside of the strings. A wooden plate is attached to one end of each bowstring using a metal tip and a tie. . The other end of the bowstring is protected by a metal plate .

The hinge is a metal sleeve inserted tightly at the end of the step. The hinge axis is passed through the sleeve and string , the ends of which are riveted to form a semicircular head. To avoid crushing the wood of the bowstrings, washers are placed under the riveted heads.