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The history of Russia is rich in significant events. In all centuries, heroism, the courage of Russian soldiers, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state. In addition to military victories, there are events worthy of being immortalized in people's memory. (Federal Law No. 32-FZ of March 13, 1995)
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In the Russian Federation, the following days of Russian military glory are established: April 18 - Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus (Battle of the Ice, 1242); September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380); November 4 is National Unity Day. In honor of the liberation of Moscow by the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders (1612); July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709); August 9 - Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714); December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790); September 11 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790); September 8 - Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812); December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853); February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day; December 5 - Day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941); February 2 - Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943); August 23 - Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943); January 27 - Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944); May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 (1945).
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April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus (Battle of the Ice, 1242)
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September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380) On the morning of September 8, all 6 regiments of the Russian army were located along the right bank of the Nepryadva. At 12 o'clock the Tatars also appeared on the Kulikovo field. Almost immediately the battle was started by Grand Duke Dmitry, after the duel between the Tatar Chelubey (or Telebey) and the monk Alexander Peresvet. Both fighters fell dead. (This duel is mentioned only in “The Tale of the Massacre of Mamayev”, while it is absent in other chronicles and works.) This was followed by a battle of the guard regiment, which withstood the attacks of the Tatars, and was forced to fight back from both the front and the flanks. Some sources say that Dmitry was in a guard regiment, and when the regiment began to retreat under the blows of the superior forces of the Tatars, he went to the main forces of the Russian army to move them into battle. The calculation, apparently, was that the Tatars, in a battle with a guard regiment, would mix up their battle formations, and they could be forced into a “wall-to-wall” battle, where in the conditions of a close, narrow space, numerical superiority does not play a big role. The Tatars were able to shoot down the guard regiment, continued the general onslaught and cut into the center. The battle here was protracted and long. According to eyewitnesses of the battle and chroniclers, the Tatar cavalry got stuck in the advanced regiment, in the “foot Russian great army,” which fought desperately in close quarters. The chroniclers indicated that the horses could no longer step on the corpses, since there was no clean place. Taking into account the peculiarities of cavalry combat, it can be assumed that the Tatar cavalry cut into the ranks of the Russian infantry several times and rolled back. The regiment, standing in ambush, was eager to fight all the time, but Voivode Bobrok held it back, holding out until the last moment, citing various reasons, including the fact that the wind would be in the face and it would be difficult for the horses to escape. However, when the Tatars broke through to the river and exposed the rear to the ambush regiment, Bobrok ordered to engage in battle. The cavalry attack from an ambush from the rear on the main forces of the Tatars became decisive. The shock Tatar cavalry was driven into the river and killed there. At the same time, the regiment of the right hand of the Russian army and a large regiment went on the offensive. The Tatars retreated once again; got mixed up and fled.
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November 4 is National Unity Day. In honor of the liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from the Polish invaders (1612), the people's militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky, the unification of the patriotic forces of the Russian people at the final stage of the struggle against the Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish occupiers in the present day. XVII century It arose in a difficult situation, after the interventionists captured a significant part of the country, incl. Moscow and Smolensk, and the collapse due to acute contradictions of the first militia of 1611. In September 1611 in Nizhny Novgorod, the zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin appealed to the townspeople with an appeal to raise funds and create a militia to liberate the country. The population of the city was subject to a special tax for organizing the militia. Its military leader was invited by Prince. D.M. Pozharsky. Letters were sent from N. Novgorod to other cities calling for the collection of the militia. In addition to the townspeople and peasants, small and medium-sized nobles also gathered there. The main forces of the militia were formed in the cities and counties of the Volga region. The program of the people's militia consisted of liberating Moscow from interventionists, refusing to recognize sovereigns of foreign origin on the Russian throne (which was the goal of the boyar nobility, who invited the Polish prince Vladislav to the kingdom), and the creation of a new government. The actions of the militia were supported by Patriarch Hermogenes, who refused to comply with the demands of the Moscow traitor boyars to condemn the militia and called for a fight against the interventionists. Victory in the battle on August 22-24 sealed the fate of the enemy garrisons in the Kremlin and Kitai-Gorod, which capitulated on October 22-26, 1612. The liberation of Moscow by the people's militia created the conditions for the restoration of state power in the country and served as a powerful impetus for the deployment of a mass liberation movement against the interventionists. all over the country. In November 1612, the leaders of the militia sent letters to the cities calling for the convening of a Zemsky Sobor to elect a new tsar. The composition of the Zemsky Sobor of 1613 reflected the outstanding role of the townspeople and the lower nobility, as well as the Cossacks in the war of liberation against the invaders.
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July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709) The Battle of Poltava is the largest battle of the Great Northern War, took place on June 27 (July 8), 1709. The Russian army of Peter I and the Swedish army of Charles took part in it XII. The decisive Russian victory led to a turning point in the Northern War in Russia's favor and ended Sweden's dominance as the main military power in Europe. After Peter I conquered Livonia from Charles XII and founded the new fortress city of St. Petersburg, Charles decided to attack central Russia and capture Moscow. Unfavorable climatic conditions prevented Charles from doing this, who led his army to Moscow from the south, through Ukraine. At two o'clock in the morning on June 27, Swedish infantry moved in four columns towards the Russian redoubts, followed by six cavalry columns. After a stubborn two-hour battle, the Swedes managed to capture only two advanced redoubts. Renschild regrouped his troops, trying to bypass the Russian redoubts on the left. At the same time, six right-flank battalions and several squadrons of generals Schlippenbach and Ross broke away from the main forces of the Swedes, retreated to the forest north of Poltava, where they were defeated by Menshikov’s cavalry. Having broken through the redoubts, the main part of the Swedes came under heavy artillery and rifle fire from the Russian camp and retreated in disarray to the Budishchensky forest. At about six o'clock in the morning, Peter led the army out of the camp and built it in two lines, with infantry in the center, Menshikov's cavalry on the right flank, and General R.H. Bour's cavalry on the left. A reserve of nine infantry battalions was left in the camp. Renschild lined up the Swedes opposite the Russian army. At 9 o'clock hand-to-hand combat began, the Russian cavalry began to cover the enemy's flanks. Under pressure from superior forces, the Swedes began a retreat, which by 11 o'clock turned into a real flight.
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August 9 - Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714) The first naval victory in the history of Russia of the Russian fleet over the Swedish squadron at Cape Gangut (Hanko Peninsula, Finland), Baltic Sea , August 9, 1714 The Battle of Gangut between the Russian and Swedish fleets played an important role in the favorable outcome for Russia of the Northern War of 1700-1721. By the spring of 1714, the southern and almost entire central parts of Finland were occupied by Russian troops. In order to finally resolve the issue of Russia's access to the Baltic Sea, which was controlled by the Swedes, it was necessary to defeat the Swedish fleet. At the end of June 1714, the Russian rowing fleet (99 galleys and auxiliary ships with a 15,000-strong army) under the command of Admiral General F.M. Apraksina concentrated on the eastern coast of Gangut (in Tverminne Bay) with the goal of breaking through to the Abo-Aland skerries and landing troops to reinforce the Russian garrison in Abo (100 km northwest of Cape Gangut). The path to the Russian fleet was blocked by the Swedish fleet (15 battleships, 3 frigates and a detachment of rowing ships) under the command of G. Vatrang. The victory off the Gangut Peninsula was the first major victory of the Russian regular fleet. She provided him with freedom of action in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia and effective support for Russian troops in Finland. In the Battle of Gangut, the Russian command boldly used the advantage of the rowing fleet in the fight against the linear sailing fleet of the Swedes in the skerry area, skillfully organized the interaction of naval forces and ground forces, reacted flexibly to changes in the tactical situation and weather conditions, managed to unravel the enemy’s maneuver and impose its tactics on him . The high moral and combat qualities of soldiers, sailors and officers allowed the Russian fleet to defeat the numerically superior Swedish fleet.
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December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790) In 1790, after capturing the fortresses of Kiliya, Tulcha and Isakcha, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Prince G.A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky gave the order to the detachments of generals I.V. Gudovich, P.S. Potemkin and the flotilla of General de Ribas to capture Izmail. However, their actions were hesitant. On November 26, the military council decided to lift the siege of the fortress due to the approach of winter. The commander-in-chief did not approve this decision and ordered General-in-Chief A.V. Suvorov, whose troops were stationed at Galati, to take command of the units besieging Izmail. Having taken command on December 2, Suvorov returned the troops retreating from the fortress to Izmail and blocked it from land and from the Danube River. Having completed the preparations for the assault in 6 days, Suvorov on December 7, 1790 sent an ultimatum to the commandant of Izmail demanding the surrender of the fortress no later than 24 hours from the date of delivery of the ultimatum. The ultimatum was rejected. On December 9, the military council assembled by Suvorov decided to immediately begin the assault, which was scheduled for December 11. Suvorov planned to begin the assault at 5 a.m., about 2 hours before dawn. Darkness was needed for the surprise of the first blow and the capture of the rampart; then it was unprofitable to fight in the dark, since it made it difficult to control the troops. Anticipating stubborn resistance, Suvorov wanted to have as much daylight as possible at his disposal. The conquest of Ishmael was of great political significance. It influenced the further course of the war and the conclusion of the Treaty of Iasi between Russia and Turkey in 1792, which confirmed the annexation of Crimea to Russia and established the Russian-Turkish border along the river. Dniester. Thus, the entire northern Black Sea region from the Dniester to the Kuban was assigned to Russia. The anthem “The Thunder of Victory, Ring Out!”, which until 1816 was considered the unofficial anthem of the Russian Empire, was dedicated to the victory at Izmail.
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September 11 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790) The Battle of Cape Tendra is a naval battle on the Black Sea during the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1792 between the Russian squadron under the command of F. F. Ushakov and the Turkish squadron under the command of Hassan Pasha. Happened on August 28-29 (September 8-9), 1790 near the Tendra Spit. After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, a new Russian-Turkish war began. Russian troops launched an offensive in the Danube region. A galley flotilla was formed to help them. However, she could not make the transition from Kherson to the combat area due to the presence of a Turkish squadron in the western Black Sea. The squadron of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakov came to the aid of the flotilla. When it approached the Turkish squadron on August 28 (September 8), Kapudan Pasha Hasan decided to hastily retreat, but Ushakov ordered an immediate attack on the Turks. When the Russian fleet approached within shot range of the Turkish rearguard, Hasan Pasha ordered the other ships to turn back. These maneuvers of the Turkish fleet allowed Ushakov’s ships to take a parallel course, reduce the distance and begin massive shelling of Turkish ships. Having received many injuries, the Turks retreated. On the morning of August 29 (September 9), it turned out that the Turkish squadron was close to the Russian one and Ushakov continued to pursue it. The Russians managed to sink several enemy ships, including the best one, the flagship Kapudanie, and also captured the battleship Meleki-Bahri. The victory in the battle at Cape Tendra made it possible to transfer the galley flotilla to the Danube, which significantly strengthened the Russian army. Rear Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree.
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September 8 - Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812) The Battle of Borodino (in the French tradition - the battle on the Moscow River, French Bataille de la Moskowa) is the largest battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 between the Russian and French armies. It took place on September 7 (August 26, old style) 1812 near the village of Borodino (125 km west of Moscow). Formally, the battle ended in victory for the French troops under Napoleon, although the French failed to achieve a decisive victory over the Russian troops under the command of General Kutuzov, sufficient to win the entire campaign. The subsequent retreat of the Russian army after the battle was dictated by strategic considerations and ultimately led to Napoleon's defeat. Russian historian N.P. Mikhnevich reported the following review of Napoleon about the battle: “Of all my battles, the most terrible is the one I fought near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy of victory, and the Russians acquired the right to be invincible... Of the fifty battles I gave, in the battle of Moscow [the French] showed the most valor and achieved the least success.” According to the memoirs of the French general Pele, a participant in the Battle of Borodino, Napoleon often repeated a similar phrase: “The Battle of Borodino was the most beautiful and most formidable, that the French showed themselves worthy of victory, and the Russians deserved to be invincible.”
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December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853) Battle of Sinop - the defeat of the Turkish fleet by the Russian squadron, under the command of Admiral Nakhimov. Historians consider it as the “swan song” of the sailing fleet and the first battle of the Crimean War. The Turkish fleet was destroyed within a few hours. This attack served as a pretext for Britain and France to declare war on Russia. Vice Admiral Nakhimov (84-gun ships "Empress Maria", "Chesma" and "Rostislav") was sent by Prince Menshikov to cruise to the shores of Anatolia. There was information that the Turks in Sinop were preparing forces for a landing at Sukhum and Poti. Approaching Sinop, Nakhimov saw in the bay a detachment of Turkish ships (twice his size) under the protection of 6 coastal batteries and decided to closely blockade the port in order to attack the enemy with the arrival of reinforcements from Sevastopol. On November 16 (28), 1853, a squadron of rear adm. joined Nakhimov’s detachment. Novosilsky (120-gun ships "Paris", "Grand Prince Constantine" and "3 Saints", frigates "Kahul" and "Kulevchi"). The Turks could be reinforced by the allied Anglo-French fleet located in Beshik-Kertez Bay (Dardanelles Strait). At the end of the battle, the ships of the Russian fleet began to repair damage to the rigging and spars, and on November 20 (December 2) they weighed anchor to proceed to Sevastopol in tow of steamers. Beyond Cape Sinop, the squadron encountered a large swell from NO, so the steamships were forced to give up their tugs. At night the wind grew stronger, and the ships headed further under sail. On the 22nd (December 4), around noon, the victorious ships entered the Sevastopol roadstead amid general rejoicing.
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February 23 – Defender of the Fatherland Day February 23 – Day of the Red Army’s victory over the Kaiser’s troops in Germany (1918) – Day of Defenders of the Fatherland. Immediately after the October Revolution of 1917, the Soviet government had to fight not only internal but also external enemies - the First World War continued, military operations took place on Russian territory. On February 18, 1918, Austro-German (there were 39 German divisions alone) and Turkish troops, treacherously violating the truce concluded on December 15, 1917, invaded Soviet Russia and began to occupy Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states. On February 21, German troops captured Minsk. On this day, the Soviet government addressed the people with the appeal “The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!” On February 23, Red Army Day was held in Petrograd under the slogan of defending the socialist Fatherland from the Kaiser’s troops. In Petrograd alone, tens of thousands of volunteers rose up to repel the enemy. The newly formed units of the Red Army immediately entered into battle against the German troops. Since 1922, February 23 has acquired the character of a large national holiday, like the Birthday of the Red Army. On February 22, 1922, a parade of troops of the Moscow garrison took place on Red Square, and in the evening there was a ceremonial meeting of the Moscow Council together with representatives of the military units of the Moscow garrison. Since 1923, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, February 23 was celebrated annually as Red Army Day. Since 1946, the holiday began to be called the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy. On February 10, 1995, the State Duma of Russia adopted the federal law “On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia”, in which this day is named as follows: “February 23 – Day of the Red Army’s victory over the Kaiser’s troops of Germany (1918) – Day of Defenders of the Fatherland” .
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December 5 - Day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941) Battle of Moscow (September 30, 1941 - April 20, 1942) - military operations of Soviet and German troops in the Moscow direction. On the Soviet side, it included the Moscow defensive strategic operation, the counteroffensive near Moscow and the Rzhev-Vyazemsk strategic operation. Adolf Hitler considered the capture of Moscow, the capital of the USSR and the largest Soviet city, as one of the main military and political goals of Operation Barbarossa. In German and Western military history it is known as "Operation Typhoon". The Battle of Moscow became one of the turning points of the Second World War, during which the Wehrmacht suffered a serious defeat for the first time. Although the Wehrmacht had to retreat before this battle (during the offensive of Soviet troops near Yelnya in September 1941 and the battle for Rostov), these were much less serious defeats than near Moscow. The Battle of Moscow is one of the largest battles of the war in terms of the number of troops involved and the losses incurred. Shortly before the battle, political instructor of the Panfilov division Vasily Klochkov told his soldiers: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind us!” In Moscow, near the walls of the Kremlin, in the Alexander Garden there is the grave of the Unknown Soldier who died in the battle of Moscow. The monument was opened on the 30th anniversary of the battle.
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February 2 - Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943) The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the most important events of the Second World War. The battle included the Wehrmacht's attempt to capture the left bank of the Volga in the area of Stalingrad (modern Volgograd) and the city itself. Confrontation in the city, and the counter-offensive of the Red Army (Operation Uranus), as a result of which the VI Army of the Wehrmacht and other forces of the German allies in and around the city were surrounded and partly destroyed, partly captured. According to rough estimates, the total losses of both sides in this battle exceed 2 million people. The Axis powers lost large numbers of men and weapons, and were subsequently unable to fully recover from the defeat. I.V. Stalin wrote: “Stalingrad was the decline of the Nazi army. After the Battle of Stalingrad, as we know, the Germans could no longer recover.” For the Soviet Union, which also suffered heavy losses during the battle, the victory at Stalingrad marked the beginning of the liberation of the country and the victorious march across Europe that led to the final defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945.
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August 23 - Day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943) Battle of Kursk (July 5, 1943 - August 23, 1943, also known as the Battle of Kursk, Operation Citadel, German Unternehmen Zitadelle) in its own way scope, the forces and means involved, tension, results and military-political consequences, is one of the key battles of the Great Patriotic War. The Battle of Kursk lasted forty-nine days - from July 5 to August 23, 1943. In Soviet and Russian historiography, it is customary to divide the battle into three parts: Kursk defensive operation (July 5-23); Oryol (July 12 - August 18) and Belgorod-Kharkov (August 3-23) offensive. The victory of the Soviet army at Kursk marked the final transition to the Allies of the strategic initiative in World War II. By the time the front stabilized, Soviet troops had reached their starting positions for the attack on the Dnieper. British-American forces landed in Sicily in the midst of the battle. An indirect result of the Battle of Kursk was Italy's withdrawal from the war on September 8, 1943. After the end of the battle on the Kursk Bulge, the German command lost the opportunity to conduct strategic offensive operations. Local massive offensives, such as the Watch on the Rhine (1944) or the Balaton operation (1945), were also unsuccessful. Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, who developed and carried out Operation Citadel, subsequently spoke of it as follows: “It was the last attempt to maintain our initiative in the East. With its failure tantamount to failure, the initiative finally passed to the Soviet side. Therefore, Operation Citadel is a decisive, turning point in the war on the Eastern Front."
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January 27 – Day of lifting the siege of the city of Leningrad (1944) Breaking the siege of Leningrad (1944). January 12-30, 1944 troops of the 67th Army of Leningrad (commander from June 1942, Lieutenant General, later Marshal of the Soviet Union L.A. Govorov), 2nd shock and part of the forces of the 8th Army Volkhovsky (created December 17, 1941, commander General of the Army K.A. Meretskov) of the fronts, with the support of long-range aviation, artillery and aviation of the Baltic Fleet, with counter strikes in a narrow ledge between Shlisselburg and Sinyavin (south of Lake Ladoga), they broke the blockade ring and restored the land connection between Leningrad and the country. A railway and a highway were built through the resulting corridor (8-10 km wide) within 17 days, but the problem of supplying the city had not yet been completely resolved: an important point was the Mga station on the railway. The Leningrad-Volkhov line remained in enemy hands, the roads in the liberated zone were under constant fire from enemy artillery. Attempts to expand land communications (the offensive in February-March 1943 on MGU and Sinyavino) did not achieve their goal. In July-August, at the Mginsky salient, Soviet troops inflicted a heavy defeat on the troops of the 18th German Army and prevented the transfer of enemy troops to other fronts. The Battle of Leningrad was of enormous political and strategic importance. In the battle for Leningrad, Soviet troops took over up to 15-20% of the enemy forces on the Eastern Front and the entire Finnish army, and defeated up to 50 German divisions. The soldiers and residents of the city showed examples of heroism and selfless devotion to the Motherland. Many units and formations that took part in the Battle of Leningrad were converted into guards units or became decorated. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers received government awards, hundreds received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, of which five twice: A.E. Mazurenko, P.A. Pokryshev, V.I. Rakov, N.G. Stepanyan and N.V. Chelnokov.
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May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945. In the Berlin operation in 1945, over 2.5 million soldiers and officers, 6,250 tanks and self-propelled guns, 7,500 aircraft were involved. On May 9, 1945, a Li-2 plane with the crew of A.I. landed at the Frunze Central Airfield of Moscow. Semenkov, who delivered the act of surrender of Nazi Germany to Moscow. And on June 24, the Victory Parade took place on Red Square. The parade was commanded by Marshal Rokossovsky, and the parade was hosted by Marshal Zhukov. At the parade, the combined regiments of the fronts marched in a solemn march in the following order: Karelian, Leningrad, 1st Baltic, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Belarusian, 1st, 4th, 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian , consolidated regiment of the Navy. As part of the regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front, representatives of the Polish Army marched in a special column. In front of the combined regiments of the fronts were the commanders of the fronts and armies, the Heroes of the Soviet Union carried the banners of the famous units and formations. The parade ended with the march of 200 standard bearers throwing the banners of the defeated German troops onto the platform at the foot of the Mausoleum.
3 Days of military glory of Russia April 18, 1242 – Battle of the Ice September 21, 1380 – Battle of Kulikovo November 4, 1612 – Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders on July 10, 1709. – Battle of Poltava August 9, 1714 - naval battle at Cape Gangut on September 11, 1790. - naval battle off Cape Tendra on December 24, 1790. - capture of Izmail on September 8, 1812. – Battle of Borodino December 1, 1853 - naval battle off Cape Sinop on February 23, 1918. – Defender of the Fatherland Day November 7, 1941 - military parade on Red Square on December 5, 1941. - counteroffensive near Moscow on February 2, 1943. - end of the Battle of Stalingrad on August 23, 1943. – victory at the Kursk Bulge on January 27, 1944. – lifting the blockade of Leningrad on May 9, 1945. – Victory Day September 2, 1945 - Japanese surrender
6 Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders on November 4, 1612. November 4, 1612 Militia detachments led by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and merchant Kuzma Minin expelled Polish interventionists from Moscow, creating conditions for the restoration of state power in Russia.
10 Sea battle off Cape Tendra on August 28, 1790. The Black Sea Fleet under the command of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakov defeated the Turkish fleet. This victory ensured a breakthrough to Izmail for the Dnieper flotilla, which provided great assistance to the ground army in capturing the fortress.
13 Defender of the Fatherland Day On this day, the young Red Army stopped the advance of German troops near Pskov and Narva. Although a number of historians point out the incorrectness of this date, February 23 is considered the birthday of the Red Army, and later the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland.
14 Day of the military parade on Red Square November 7, 1941 During the harsh days of the defense of Moscow, a parade of troops took place. Chairman of the State Defense Committee I.V. Stalin made a patriotic speech from the podium. Straight from the parade, the troops went to the front, to defend their native Moscow.
15 The beginning of the counteroffensive of Soviet troops near Moscow on December 5, 1941. On the night of January 5–6, Red Army units launched a powerful counteroffensive along the entire front. As a result, the enemy was driven back kilometers from the walls of Moscow. During the battles, Soviet troops defeated 38 enemy divisions.
16TH DAY OF THE DEFEAT OF THE GERMAN TROOPS IN THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD February 2, 1943 THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD IS THE BIGGEST BATTLE OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR. THE FIGHTING IN THE CITY ITSELF CONTINUED FOR MORE THAN TWO MONTHS DURING THE OPERATION, 22 DIVISIONS AND 160 SEPARATE ENEMY UNITS WERE DEFEATED
18 Day of lifting the siege of Leningrad January 27, 1944 The battle for Leningrad lasted from July 10, 1941. to August 9, 1944 During the 900-day defense of the city, Soviet troops pinned down large forces of the armies of Germany and Finland. During the period from January 14 to March 1, 1944. The Leningrad-Novgorod offensive operation inflicted a heavy defeat on Army Group North. And in the starless January night, Marveling at its unprecedented fate, Returned from the mortal abyss, Leningrad salutes itself. Anna Akhmatova
22 COMMANDERS OF VICTORY THE MERIT OF OUTSTANDING COMMANDERS: G.K. Zhukov, A.M. Vasilevsky, K.K. Rokossovsky, I.S. Konev, L.A. Govorov, K.A. Meretskova, S.K. Timoshenko, F.I. Tolbukhina, V.I. Chuikov, A.I. Eremenko, R.Ya. Malinovsky, N.K. Kuznetsova G.K. Zhukov
December 5 is the Day of Military Glory of Russia in honor of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against the Nazi invaders in the Battle of Moscow in 1941, established by Federal Law 32-FZ of March 13, 1995 “On the days of military glory (victorious days) of Russia.”
The German offensive on Moscow began on September 30. The Battle of Moscow for Soviet troops consisted of two periods: defensive (September 30 - December 5, 1941), offensive (December 5, 1941 - April 1942). Hitler was so confident of success that he defined the main installation for the troops as political goals, declaring that the city should be surrounded so that “not a single Russian soldier, not a single resident, be it man, woman or child, could leave it. Suppress any attempt to leave by force!” He believed that Moscow and its surroundings would be flooded and where the city stands today, a sea would appear that would forever hide the capital of the Russian people from the civilized world. The German offensive on Moscow began on September 30. The Battle of Moscow for Soviet troops consisted of two periods: defensive (September 30 - December 5, 1941), offensive (December 5, 1941 - April 1942). Hitler was so confident of success that he defined the main installation for the troops as political goals, declaring that the city should be surrounded so that “not a single Russian soldier, not a single resident, be it man, woman or child, could leave it. Suppress any attempt to leave by force!” He believed that Moscow and its surroundings would be flooded and where the city stands today, a sea would appear that would forever hide the capital of the Russian people from the civilized world.
PARADE on Red Square November 7, 1941 On November 7, 1941, Hitler scheduled a parade of his troops in defeated Moscow. But Moscow was saved by the greatest, unshakable fortitude of its defenders. A visible manifestation of this power was the military parade of Soviet troops on Red Square on November 7, 1941 at 8 a.m. A powerful fascist offensive on the days of the holiday could become a serious danger. On November 7, 1941, Hitler scheduled a parade of his troops in defeated Moscow. But Moscow was saved by the greatest, unshakable fortitude of its defenders. A visible manifestation of this power was the military parade of Soviet troops on Red Square on November 7, 1941 at 8 a.m. A powerful fascist offensive on the days of the holiday could become a serious danger.
PARADE on Red Square on November 7, 1941, in this regard, Stalin conceived a small military trick. He scheduled the parade for 10 a.m., but at the last moment moved it to 8 a.m., when it was still dark in the capital. The enemy was confused. On November 7, 1941, 24.5 thousand Soviet soldiers marched across Red Square. This was the shortest parade in the history of our Armed Forces - it lasted only 25 minutes along with Stalin's speech. But in terms of the power of its impact on the morale of the Soviet troops, society, and humanity in general, it has no equal. In this regard, Stalin conceived a small military trick. He scheduled the parade for 10 a.m., but at the last moment moved it to 8 a.m., when it was still dark in the capital. The enemy was confused. On November 7, 1941, 24.5 thousand Soviet soldiers marched across Red Square. This was the shortest parade in the history of our Armed Forces - it lasted only 25 minutes along with Stalin's speech. But in terms of the power of its impact on the morale of the Soviet troops, society, and humanity in general, it has no equal.
The determination and courage of the Soviet people The increased resistance of the Soviet troops, the struggle of partisans behind enemy lines, the dedication of Muscovites, and the help of the entire country played a decisive role in thwarting the enemy’s plans. Soviet troops managed to stop a powerful enemy group literally at the walls of the capital (12 km from the modern border north of the city), taming the enemy Typhoon.
First victory On December 12, 1941, a significant message from Moscow Radio spread around the world: “On December 6, 1941, the troops of our front, having exhausted the enemy in previous battles, launched a counter-offensive against his flank groups. As a result of the launched offensive, both of these groups were defeated and hastily retreated, abandoning equipment and weapons and suffering huge losses.”
Offensive along the entire front. December 9–20 – The Red Army liberated Rogachevo, Istra, Solnechnogorsk, Klin, Kalinin, Volokolamsk. By mid-January 1942, Soviet troops liberated 11 thousand settlements, eliminated the danger of encirclement of Tula, and pushed the enemy back 100–250 km from Moscow. The counteroffensive near Moscow was turned into a general offensive along the entire front, which lasted until April 1942.
Scheme of the counteroffensive of Soviet troops near Moscow The main line of resistance on the approaches to Moscow was the Mozhaisk line of defense. In total, at this boundary from the “Moscow Sea” to the confluence of the river. Ugra with Oka (230 km) in the four Soviet armies there were only about 90 thousand people.
We will not stand behind the price... The victory near Moscow came at a high price. In December 1941 alone, the Western, Kalinin, and Southwestern (Bryansk) fronts lost about 332 thousand people killed, wounded and captured. And by mid-January 1942, many divisions had only 200–300 active bayonets. And ahead were Stalingrad, the Kursk Bulge, the Dnieper... Until May 1945, there remained a long 3.5 years of bloody battles and millions of losses. But it was on the approaches to the capital in December 1941 that the Great Victory was created. The victory near Moscow came at a high price. In December 1941 alone, the Western, Kalinin, and Southwestern (Bryansk) fronts lost about 332 thousand people killed, wounded and captured. And by mid-January 1942, many divisions had only 200–300 active bayonets. And ahead were Stalingrad, the Kursk Bulge, the Dnieper... Until May 1945, there remained a long 3.5 years of bloody battles and millions of losses. But it was on the approaches to the capital in December 1941 that the Great Victory was built.
The significance of the victory of Soviet troops near Moscow Soviet troops won the first major victory over the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War. The myth of the “invincibility” of the German army was dispelled. The strategic initiative was wrested from the Nazis. The fascist strategy of “lightning war” finally collapsed near Moscow. The German leadership was faced with the need to wage a protracted war. After such a defeat and huge losses, the new spring offensive on the Eastern Front, widely advertised by Hitler’s headquarters, never took place in 1942. Hitler came to the conclusion that, after the German troops came to their senses, it would be possible to carry out an attack only in one strategic direction - the south. To continue the war, Germany urgently needed oil from the Caucasus and wheat from Stavropol and Kuban. Soviet troops won the first major victory over the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War. The myth of the “invincibility” of the German army was dispelled. The strategic initiative was wrested from the Nazis. The fascist strategy of “lightning war” finally collapsed near Moscow. The German leadership was faced with the need to wage a protracted war. After such a defeat and huge losses, the new spring offensive on the Eastern Front, widely advertised by Hitler’s headquarters, never took place in 1942. Hitler came to the conclusion that, after the German troops came to their senses, it would be possible to carry out an attack only in one strategic direction - the south. To continue the war, Germany urgently needed oil from the Caucasus and wheat from Stavropol and Kuban.
The significance of the victory of Soviet troops near Moscow The economically important Central region of European Russia remained in Soviet hands. This in turn made it possible to mobilize resources to continue the war. The USSR gained time to strengthen its military-industrial base in the eastern regions of the country. The spirit of the Soviet people in the fight against the enemy was raised. The economically important Central region of European Russia remained in Soviet hands. This in turn made it possible to mobilize resources to continue the war. The USSR gained time to strengthen its military-industrial base in the eastern regions of the country. The spirit of the Soviet people in the fight against the enemy was raised. The economically important Central region of European Russia remained in Soviet hands. This in turn made it possible to mobilize resources to continue the war. The USSR gained time to strengthen its military-industrial base in the eastern regions of the country. The spirit of the Soviet people in the fight against the enemy was raised. The economically important Central region of European Russia remained in Soviet hands. This in turn made it possible to mobilize resources to continue the war. The USSR gained time to strengthen its military-industrial base in the eastern regions of the country. The spirit of the Soviet people in the fight against the enemy was raised.
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow" The Medal "For the Defense of Moscow" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 1, 1944. As of January 1, 1995, approximately one person has been awarded the medal “For the Defense of Moscow.” The medal “For the Defense of Moscow” was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 1, 1944. As of January 1, 1995, approximately one person has been awarded the medal “For the Defense of Moscow.”
The Battle of Moscow was marked by mass heroism and self-sacrifice of the Soviet people. For the valor and courage shown in battles, 40 units and formations were awarded the guards rank, 36 thousand soldiers were awarded orders and medals, 181 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sidorova Nastya
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Days of military glory of Russia The history of Russia is rich in significant events. In all centuries, heroism, the courage of Russian soldiers, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state...
President of the Russian Federation B. Yeltsin Moscow, Kremlin March 13, 1995 N 32-FZ From the federal law “On days of military glory and memorable dates of Russia” (as amended on February 28, 2007) Adopted by the State Duma on February 10, 1995 The history of Russia is rich in significant events. In all centuries, heroism, courage of Russian soldiers, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state... This Federal Law establishes the days of glory of Russian weapons - the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the days of military glory of Russia) in commemoration of glorious victories Russian troops who played a decisive role in the history of Russia... Article 1. Days of military glory of Russia In the Russian Federation, the following days of military glory of Russia are established: April 18 - Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus (Battle of the Ice, 1242 ); September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380); November 4 is National Unity Day. November 7 - Day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941) July 10 - Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709); August 9 - Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714); December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790); September 11 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790); September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812); December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853); February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day; December 5 - Day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941); February 2 - Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943); August 23 - Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943); January 27 - Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944); May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (1945)
April 18 is the Day of the victory of Russian troops over the German knights on Lake Peipus (1242). The German knights suffered a complete defeat. In the battle, more than 500 knights and “countless numbers” of other troops were killed, and 50 noble knights were captured. All of them followed the horses of the winners on foot to Pskov. The victory over the army of German feudal lords was of great political and military-strategic significance. The protection of the northwestern border of Novgorod land was reliably ensured.
September 21 Victory Day of Russian regiments in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380) In the summer of 1380, Mamai began a campaign against Rus'. On September 8 (21), not far from the confluence of the Nepryadva River and the Don, a fierce battle broke out between the Horde and Russian troops. The enemy could not withstand the blow and began to retreat, and then fled. Mamai's army was completely defeated. The Battle of the Kulikovo Field undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of the Russian unified state, and raised the role of Moscow as the center of the unification of Russian lands.
November 4 National Unity Day November 4 has been celebrated as National Unity Day since 2005. It is associated with the liberation of Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian interventionists. Back in 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was declared a state holiday. National Unity Day is not a new holiday, but a return to an old tradition.
November 7, Military Parade Day on Red Square (1941) The holding of a military parade on Red Square in 1941 was of great military and political significance, contributing to emotional uplift and strengthening faith in the final victory among the peoples of the country. In terms of its impact on the course of further events, it is equated to the most important military operations of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
July 10, Victory Day over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709) As a result of the Battle of Poltava, the land army of King Charles XII ceased to exist. In the battle itself, the Swedes lost over 11 thousand soldiers, and during the retreat about 16 thousand were captured. Russian losses amounted to 1345 people killed and 3290 wounded. Charles XII himself fled to the territory of the Ottoman Empire. Sweden's military power was undermined and a turning point in Russia's favor occurred in the Northern War. .
August 9 Victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714) The victory at the Gangut Peninsula was the first major victory of the Russian regular fleet. In the Battle of Gangut, the Russian command skillfully organized the interaction of naval forces and ground forces, reacted flexibly to changes in the tactical situation and weather conditions, managed to unravel the enemy’s maneuver and impose its tactics on him.
December 24 Capture of Izmail (1790) The assault on Izmail in 1790 was undertaken during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792. On December 11 (24) at 5:30 a.m. the assault on the fortress began. All the guns, 400 banners, and huge supplies of provisions were captured. M.I. Kutuzov was appointed commandant of the fortress. The conquest of Ishmael was of great political significance. It influenced the further course of the war and the conclusion of the Peace of Iasi between Russia and Turkey in 1792, which confirmed the annexation of Crimea to Russia. Thus, the entire northern Black Sea region from the Dniester to the Kuban was assigned to Russia.
September 11 Victory of the Russian squadron over the Turks at Cape Tendra (1790) August 28 (September 11), 1790, as a result of an intense battle, 7 Turkish ships surrendered, the rest fled. The Turkish losses exceeded 2 thousand people, the Russians had 21 killed and 25 wounded. The brilliant victory of the Russian fleet ensured a breakthrough to Izmail for the Dnieper flotilla, which provided great assistance to the ground army in capturing the fortress. F.F. Ushakov was nicknamed “sea Suvorov” in Russia.
September 8 Day of the Battle of Borodino (1812) The Battle of Borodino is the largest battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 between the Russian and French armies. It took place on September 8 (August 26), 1812, near the village of Borodino (125 km west of Moscow). The battle ended with an uncertain result for both sides. The subsequent retreat of the Russian army ultimately led to Napoleon's defeat.
December 1, Victory Day of the Russian squadron over the Turks at Cape Sinop (1853) The defeat of the Turkish squadron in the Battle of Sinop significantly weakened Turkey’s naval forces. In this battle, the Turks lost 15 of 16 ships and over 3 thousand people killed and wounded. The losses of the Russian squadron amounted to 37 people killed and 235 wounded, some ships were damaged. The Sinop naval battle was the last major battle in history of the era of the sailing fleet. Sailing ships began to be replaced by ships with steam engines.
February 23 is Defender of the Fatherland Day. On February 10, 1995, the State Duma of Russia adopted the federal law “On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia,” in which this day is named as follows: “February 23 is the Day of the Red Army’s victory over the Kaiser’s troops of Germany (1918) - Defender of the Fatherland Day.” .
December 5 Beginning of the counteroffensive of Soviet troops near Moscow (1941) The counteroffensive began on December 5-6 on the front from Kalinin to Yelets. Troops of the Kalinin and Western Fronts broke through the enemy’s defenses south of Kalinin and north-west of Moscow. Strong attacks by the Red Army troops on the flank groupings of Army Group Center, intended to encircle Moscow, forced the fascist German command to take measures to save their troops from defeat.
February 2 Day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943) On the morning of January 31, the southern group of forces of the 6th Army, led by Field Marshal F. Paulus, ceased resistance, and on February 2, the northern group, led by General K, capitulated Strecker. The Battle of Stalingrad ended in complete triumph of Soviet military art. From January 10 to February 2, 1943, the troops of the Don Front captured 91 thousand people, about 140 thousand German soldiers and officers were destroyed during the offensive of the Don Front troops.
August 23, Day of the defeat of Nazi troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943) The Battle of Kursk was decisive in ensuring a radical turning point during the Great Patriotic War. It lasted from July 5 to August 23, 1943. Developing the offensive, Soviet troops pushed the enemy 140-150 kilometers westward by August 23, 1943, liberating Orel, Belgorod and Kharkov. After the Battle of Kursk, the balance of forces at the front changed sharply in favor of the Red Army, which provided it with favorable conditions for the deployment of a general strategic offensive.
January 27, Day of lifting the siege of Leningrad (1944) On January 14, Soviet troops went on the offensive from the Primorsky bridgehead to Ropsha, and on January 15 from Leningrad to Krasnoye Selo. After stubborn fighting on January 20, Soviet troops united in the Ropsha area and eliminated the encircled Peterhof-Strelninsky enemy group. At the same time, on January 14, Soviet troops went on the offensive in the Novgorod area, and on January 16 - in the Lyuban direction, and on January 20 they liberated Novgorod. To commemorate the final lifting of the blockade, a fireworks display was given in Leningrad on January 27, 1944.
May 9 Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War (1945) Victory Day is a celebration of the USSR's victory over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War in 1945, celebrated on May 9. On this day, front-line soldiers traditionally meet, wreaths are laid at the monuments of Glory and military valor, and festive fireworks go off.
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Days of Military Glory of Russia.
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According to the chronicles, the Battle of the Ice began at sunrise at Voronei Kamen on Uzmen. The traditional battle scheme is as follows. A German cavalry column attacked the foot center of the Russian army, inflicting heavy losses on it, but was flanked by the princely cavalry and fled. This battle, together with the victories of Prince Alexander over the Swedes (July 15, 1240 on the Neva) and over the Lithuanians (in 1245 near Toropets, near Lake Zhitsa and near Usvyat), was of great importance for Pskov and Novgorod, delaying the onslaught of three serious enemies from west - at the very time when the rest of Rus' suffered great losses from princely strife and the consequences of the Tatar conquest. In Novgorod, the Battle of the Germans on the Ice was remembered for a long time: together with the Neva victory over the Swedes, it was remembered in the litanies of all Novgorod churches back in the 16th century.
April 18, 1242. Day of Military Glory of Russia (victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over German knights on Lake Peipus; Battle of the Ice)
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September 21, 1380. Day of Military Glory of Russia (Victory Day of Russian regiments in the Battle of Kulikovo)
Battle of Kulikovo 1380 September 21 September 21 is the Day of Military Glory of Russia, the Day of the victory of Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). The Battle of Kulikovo Field seriously undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of the Russian unified state and raised the role of Moscow as a center of unification.
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November 7, 1612. Day of Military Glory of Russia (Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders)
Constant meetings began in Nizhny Novgorod: they discussed how to rise, where to get people and funds. Such questions were addressed primarily to Minin, and he developed his plans in detail. Every day his influence grew; Nizhny Novgorod residents were carried away by Minin’s proposals and finally decided to form a militia, convene service people and collect money for them. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky was chosen as the leader of the militia, who was then being treated for wounds on an estate near Moscow and wished that the economic part of the militia be entrusted to Minin. With the support of Pozharsky's troops, Minin assessed the property of the Nizhny Novgorod population and determined the part that should go to the militia. On Minin’s advice, they gave “third money,” that is, a third of the property, or, in some cases, a fifth. Persons who could not collect the required amount were given up as slaves, and their property was completely confiscated. According to the chronicle, he “quenched the thirsty hearts of the warriors and covered their nakedness and gave them peace in everything, and with these deeds he gathered quite a large army.” Other cities soon joined the Nizhny Novgorod residents, raised by the famous district charter, in the drafting of which Minin undoubtedly participated. At the beginning of April 1612, there was already a huge militia in Yaroslavl with Prince Pozharsky and Minin at the head; in August Chodkiewicz was defeated, and in October Moscow was cleared of Poles.
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July 10, 1709. Day of Military Glory of Russia (Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava)
The Battle of Poltava, a decisive episode of the Great Northern War, took place on June 27 (July 8), 1709. The Russian army of Peter I and the Swedish army of Charles XII took part in it. As a result of the Battle of Poltava, the army of King Charles XII ceased to exist. He himself and Mazepa fled to the territory of the Ottoman Empire. The decisive Russian victory led to a turning point in the Northern War in Russia's favor and ended Sweden's dominance as the main military power in Europe
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August 9, 1714. The day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter over the Swedes at Cape Gangut.
During the Northern War (1700-1721) near Gangut (the Russian name for the Hanko Peninsula in Finland), the vanguard of the Russian galley fleet under the command of Peter defeated the Swedish squadron of Rear Admiral N. Ehrenskiöld and captured 10 enemy ships. Thus, the first major naval victory in the history of the Russian fleet was won. Peter called this victory “the second Poltava.”
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In November 1790, Russian troops began the siege of Izmail. Two attempts to take the fortress ended in failure. And then the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, Field Marshal G.A. Potemkin entrusted the capture of the impregnable fortress to A.V. Suvorov. Intensified preparations for the assault began. In an effort to avoid bloodshed, Suvorov sent an ultimatum to the commandant of Izmail to surrender the fortress, to which the answer followed: “It is more likely that the sky will fall to the ground and the Danube will flow upward than Ishmael will surrender.” On December 24, 1790, Russian troops in nine columns from different directions moved to storm the fortress. The river flotilla approached the shore and, under the cover of artillery fire, landed troops. The skillful leadership of Suvorov and his comrades, the courage of soldiers and officers decided the success of the battle, which lasted 9 hours. The Turks defended stubbornly, but Ishmael was taken. The enemy lost 26 thousand killed and 9 thousand prisoners. 265 guns, 42 ships, 345 banners were captured. Suvorov indicated in his report that the Russian army lost 1,815 people killed and 2,455 wounded.
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September 11, 1790. Day of Military Glory of Russia (victory of the Russian squadron over the Turks at Cape Tendra)
In the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. Russian ground forces were successfully assisted by the Black Sea Fleet under the command of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakova. One of the most important events of this war was the victory of the Russian squadron over the Turks at Cape Tendra. On August 28 (September 8), 1790, as a result of an intense battle, 7 Turkish ships surrendered, the rest fled. The Turkish losses exceeded 2 thousand people, the Russians had 21 killed and 25 wounded. The brilliant victory of the Russian fleet ensured a breakthrough to Izmail for the Dnieper flotilla, which provided great assistance to the ground army in capturing the fortress. F.F. Ushakov was nicknamed “sea Suvorov” in Russia.
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September 8, 1812. Day of Military Glory of Russia (Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov)
The battle ended with an uncertain result for both sides. French troops under Napoleon were unable to achieve a decisive victory over the Russian forces under General Kutuzov, sufficient to win the entire campaign. The subsequent retreat of the Russian army after the battle was dictated by strategic considerations and ultimately led to Napoleon's defeat. The Battle of Borodino is considered one of the bloodiest battles of the 19th century. According to the most conservative estimates of total losses, 8,500 people died on the field every hour, or a company of soldiers every minute. Some divisions lost up to 80% of their strength. The French fired 60 thousand cannon shots and almost one and a half million rifle shots. It is no coincidence that Napoleon called the battle of Borodino his greatest battle, although its results were more than modest for a great commander accustomed to victories.
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December 1, 1853. Day of Military Glory of Russia (victory of the Russian squadron over the Turks at Cape Sinop)
This was one of the first battles of the Crimean War, which began as a conflict between Russia and Turkey. The Russian army and navy had a tangible advantage over the weakening Ottoman Empire, which contemporaries called “the sick man of Europe.” The squadron of P.S. Nakhimov blocked the Turkish fleet under the command of Osman Pasha in Sinop Bay. After a battle that lasted four and a half hours, 15 of the 16 Turkish ships were destroyed - only one managed to escape. The defeat of the Turks was absolute: more than three thousand Ottoman sailors were killed and wounded against 38 killed and 235 wounded in Nakhimov’s squadron. Osman Pasha, his two ship commanders and 200 sailors were captured
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Since 1922, February 23 has acquired the character of a large national holiday, like the Birthday of the Red Army. On February 22, 1922, a parade of troops of the Moscow garrison took place on Red Square, and in the evening there was a ceremonial meeting of the Moscow Council together with representatives of the military units of the Moscow garrison. And since 1923, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, February 23 was celebrated annually as Red Army Day. Since 1946, the holiday began to be called the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy.
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December 5, 1941. Day of Military Glory of Russia (beginning of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops in the Battle of Moscow)
The counteroffensive began on December 5-6 on the front from Kalinin to Yelets. The fighting immediately became fierce. Despite the lack of superiority in forces and means, severe frosts, deep snow cover, the troops of the left wing of the Kalinin and right wing of the Western Front, already in the first days of the counteroffensive, broke through the enemy’s defenses south of Kalinin and north-west of Moscow, cut the railway and the Kalinin-Moscow highway and liberated a number of settlements.
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February 2, 1943. The day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad.
According to the plan of Hitler's military-political leadership, the fascist German troops in the summer campaign of 1942 were supposed to achieve the military and political goals set by the Barbarossa plan, which were not achieved in 1941 due to the defeat near Moscow. The main blow was supposed to be delivered on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front with the aim of capturing the city of Stalingrad, reaching the oil-bearing regions of the Caucasus and the fertile regions of the Don, Kuban and Lower Volga, disrupting communications connecting the center of the country with the Caucasus, and creating conditions for ending the war in their favor . Hitler's strategists believed that the loss of Donbass and Caucasian oil would seriously weaken the Soviet Union, and the entry of Nazi troops into Transcaucasia would disrupt its ties with its allies through the Caucasus and Iran and would help drag Turkey into a war against it. Based on the assigned tasks, changes were made to the structure of the leadership of troops on the southern wing of the German Eastern Front. Army Group South (Field Marshal F. von Bock) was divided into two: Army Group B (4th Panzer, 2nd and 6th Field German and 2nd Hungarian armies; Colonel General M . von Weichs) and Army Group A (1st Panzer, 17th and 11th German Field Armies and 8th Italian Armies; Field Marshal W. List).
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The Battle of Stalingrad is one of the largest battles of World War II. It lasted 200 days. During the war, the fascist bloc lost a total of about 1.5 million soldiers and officers, i.e. 25% of all its forces operating on the Soviet-German front, up to 2 thousand tanks and assault guns, more than 10 thousand guns and mortars, about 3 thousand combat and transport aircraft, over 70 thousand vehicles and a huge amount of other military equipment and weapons. The Wehrmacht and its allies completely lost 32 divisions and 3 brigades, and another 16 divisions were destroyed, losing more than 50% of their strength.
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August 23, 1943. Day of Military Glory of Russia (Day of the defeat of Nazi troops in the Battle of Kursk)
The Battle of Kursk was decisive in ensuring a radical turning point during the Great Patriotic War. Hitler's command planned to carry out a major offensive in the summer of 1943, seize the strategic initiative and turn the tide of the war in its favor. For this purpose, a military operation codenamed “Citadel” was developed and approved in April 1943. Having information about the preparation of fascist German troops for an offensive, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command decided to temporarily go on the defensive in the Kursk salient and, during the defensive battle, bleed the enemy’s strike forces and thereby create favorable conditions for the Soviet troops to launch a counteroffensive, and then a general strategic offensive .
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The Wehrmacht lost 30 selected divisions in the Battle of Kursk, including seven tank divisions, over 500 thousand soldiers and officers, 1.5 thousand tanks, more than 3.7 thousand aircraft, three thousand guns. The losses of the Soviet troops exceeded the German ones - they amounted to 863 thousand people, including 254 thousand irrevocable. Near Kursk, the Red Army lost about six thousand tanks. After the Battle of Kursk, the balance of forces at the front changed sharply in favor of the Red Army, which provided it with favorable conditions for the deployment of a general strategic offensive.
Slide 30
By the beginning of 1944, the enemy had created a defense in depth with reinforced concrete and wood-earth structures, covered with minefields and wire barriers. The Soviet command organized an offensive by forces of the 2nd shock, 42nd and 67th armies of the Leningrad, 59th, 8th and 54th armies of the Volkhov, 1st shock and 22nd armies of the 2nd Baltic fronts and Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Long-range aviation, partisan detachments and brigades were also involved. The goal of the operation was to defeat the flank groups of the 18th Army, and then, by actions in the Kingisepp and Luga directions, complete the defeat of its main forces and reach the line of the river. Meadows; in the future, acting in the Narva, Pskov and Idritsa directions, defeat the 16th Army, complete the liberation of the Leningrad region and create conditions for the liberation of the Baltic states. On January 27, 1944, Soviet troops completely lifted the 900-day fascist blockade of the city.
Slide 32
9th May. Day of Military Glory of Russia (The day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution)
The holding of a military parade on Red Square in 1941, during the most difficult days of the war for the country, had great military-political significance, had a great moral impact on the morale of the troops, contributed to emotional uplift and strengthened faith in the final victory among the peoples of the country.
- Try to involve the audience in the story, set up interaction with the audience using leading questions, a game part, do not be afraid to joke and smile sincerely (where appropriate).
- Try to explain the slide in your own words, add additional interesting facts; you don’t just need to read the information from the slides, the audience can read it themselves.
- There is no need to overload the slides of your project with text blocks; more illustrations and a minimum of text will better convey information and attract attention. The slide should contain only key information; the rest is best told to the audience orally.
- The text must be well readable, otherwise the audience will not be able to see the information being presented, will be greatly distracted from the story, trying to at least make out something, or will completely lose all interest. To do this, you need to choose the right font, taking into account where and how the presentation will be broadcast, and also choose the right combination of background and text.
- It is important to rehearse your report, think about how you will greet the audience, what you will say first, and how you will end the presentation. All comes with experience.
- Choose the right outfit, because... The speaker's clothing also plays a big role in the perception of his speech.
- Try to speak confidently, smoothly and coherently.
- Try to enjoy the performance, then you will be more at ease and less nervous.