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Ancient Sparta THE ANCESTORS OF THE SPARTANS WERE THE GREEK TRIBES WHO CAME FROM THE NORTH OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA. THEY SET UP IN SOUTHERN GREECE. IN THE VALLEY OF THE RIVER EUROTH IN THE REGION OF LACONIA, SEVERAL NEIGHBORING SETTLEMENTS UNITED AND BEGAN TO BE CALLED SPARTA.
SPARTANS AND HELOTS. GRADUALLY THE SPARTANS CONQUERED ALL LACONIA, AND ITS RESIDENTS WERE FORCED TO WORK FOR THEMSELVES AND BEGAN TO BE CALLED HELOTS. NEAR LACONIA THE FERTIL MESSENIA IS LOCATED. THE SPARTANS, AFTER A FIERCE FIGHT, CONQUERED THIS REGION. THE RESIDENTS OF MESSENIA WERE ALSO TURNED INTO HELOTS.
ALL THE LANDS IN LACONIA AND MESSENIA WAS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE SPARTANS INTO EQUAL PLOTS. THE HELOTS LIVED AND WORKED ON THESE AREAS, GIVING TO THE SPARTANS THE QUANTITY OF GROWN GRAIN, OLIVES, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS ESTABLISHED BY THE STATE. THE HELOTS WERE SLAVES WHO OWNED THE SPARTAN STATE AND THEY WERE FORBIDDEN TO LEAVE THEIR SETTLEMENTS. . SPARTANS AND HELOTS.
THE SPARTANS TREATED THE HELOTS ROUGHLY AND CRUELLY, MOCKED THEM. FOR EXAMPLE, THEY FORCED THE HELOTS TO DRINK WINE NOT DILUTED WITH WATER, AND THEN SHOWED THEM TO THE YOUTH TO INSPIRE AN AVOIDANCE FOR DRUNKENNESS. IN LACONIA AND MESSENIA, THE HELOTS CONTAINED THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION. Clash of Spartans and Helots. SPARTANS AND HELOTS.
FEARING THEIR COLLUSION AND UPRISING, THE SPARTAN RULES FROM TIME TO TIME MASSAGED UNARMED PEOPLE. THE SPARTAN YOUTHS WERE GIVEN SWORDS AND SENT THEM TO WALK AROUND THE SURROUNDINGS. DURING THE DAY THEY HID, AND AT NIGHT THEY KILLED THOSE HELOTS WHO WERE MEETING ON THE ROADS. SPARTANS AND HELOTS.
YOUNG PEOPLE OFTEN WENT OUT THE FIELDS, KILLING THE STRONGEST HELOTS. THE RESIDENTS OF THE REST OF GREECE CALLED THE KILLING OF THE HELOTS A VILE DEED AND CONDEMNED THE SPARTANS FOR HOLDING THEIR FELLOW PEOPLE - THE GREEK SPARTANS AND HELOTS - IN SLAVERY.
CREATION OF THE SPARTAN STATE. SLAVES CONSISTS OF SPARTANS, VOTE DISCUSSES ALL PROBLEMS COMMANDERS ARMY FREE POPULATION
SPARTA - MILITARY CAMP. SPARTA DID NOT HAVE FORTRESS WALLS. ITS RESIDENTS CLAIMED THAT THE ONLY RELIABLE DEFENSE OF THE CITY ARE NOT STONES, BUT BRAVE MEN. THE MAIN OCCUPATION OF THE SPARTANS WAS WAR, THE SPARTAN INFANTRY WAS CONSIDERED THE BEST INFANTRY IN GREECE
ARMY OF SPARTANS. THE ARMAMENT OF THE SPARTAN WARRIOR CONSISTED OF: METAL HELMET SPEAR LEATHER ARMOR SWORD LEG ARMOR LARGE METAL SHIELD.
THE PHALANX CONSISTED OF 8 ROWS OF A THOUSAND WARRIORS EACH. THE FIRST 3 ROWS PUT SPEARS IN FRONT. THE PHALANX CAME INTO THE ENEMY AND DESTROYED HIM. THE SPARTANS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE WORLD INTRODUCED ORDER INTO THE ACTIONS OF THE WARRIORS INVENTED THE PHALANX THE ARMY OF THE SPARTANS.
SPARTA WAS LIKE A MILITARY CAMP WHERE NO ONE COULD LIVE THE WAY THEY WANTED. THE SPARTANS WERE FORBIDDEN TO ENGAGE IN TRADE AND CRAFTS, ALL MANUAL LABOR WAS DESPIED. ALIENS DID NOT COME TO SPARTA. THERE WERE NOTHING FOR SALE HERE AND NOTHING TO ADMISE: THERE WERE NO BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS BUILT IN THE CITY, NO STATUES WERE PLACED.
THE RESIDENTS OF SPARTA THEMSELVES WERE NOT ALLOWED TO TRAVEL ABROAD FOR FEAR THAT THEY WOULD IMITATE THE LIFE OF OTHERS. SPARTANS WERE FORBIDDEN TO DIN AT HOME. UNITED INTO GROUPS OF A DOZEN AND A HALF, THE MEN EATED THE SAME FOODS TOGETHER: STOWAGE, VEGETABLES, A LITTLE CHEESE AND ONLY OCCASIONALLY MEAT AND FISH.
ONE DAY A FAMOUS COMMANDER RETURNED TO SPARTA AFTER A VICTORY. HE SENT IMMEDIATELY FOR HIS SHARE OF FOOD, WANTING TO EAT WITH His WIFE THIS TIME. HE WAS NOT ONLY DENIED, BUT IN ADDITION, HE WAS FINED. COMPLIANCE WITH ALL RULES WAS VICIOUSLY MONITORED BY THE COUNCIL OF ELDERS, WHICH POSSESSED HUGE AND UNCONTROLLED POWER.
THE COUNCIL INCLUDE THE MOST WORTHY CITIZENS AT LEAST 60 YEARS OLD. THEY PARTICIPATED IN MEETINGS FOR LIFE. THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY, CONSISTING OF SPARTAN MEN, CHOSEN ELDERS AND WAS INVOLVED IN THE DECLARATION OF WAR AND THE CONCLUSION OF PEACE. HOWEVER, ONLY ELDERS HAD THE RIGHT TO SPEAK IN THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY. THE REST VOTED FOR OR AGAINST THE PROPOSALS THEY MADE.
THE ARMY WAS COMMANDED BY TWO LEADERS, THEY WERE CALLED KINGS. THE POWER OF THE KINGS WAS HERITABLE, BUT IT WAS NOT GREAT. THE KINGS WERE PART OF THE COUNCIL OF ELDERS AND USUALLY OBEDIENTLY FOLLOWED HIS WILL. IN THE 6TH CENTURY BC. e. SPARTA BECAME ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL POLICIES IN GREECE.
CHILDREN'S METHOD OF VOTING IN SPARTA REPLACED THE DEAD ELDER, THE SPARTANS CHOOSE A NEW ELDER. THE ELECTIONS TOOK PLACE IN THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY. BEFORE THE MEETING, ONE BY ANOTHER, ALL WHO ACHIEVE THE HONOR OF BECOMING AN ELDER PASSED SILENTLY. THE PEOPLE WELCOME EVERYONE WITH A SHOUT OF APPROVAL. AND TO DETERMINE WHICH OF THEM WAS CHOSEN, THEY DID THIS. SEVERAL SPARTANS WERE LOCKED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE, WHOM THE REST OF THEM TRUSTED. THEY COULD HEAR EVERYTHING, BUT SEE NOTHING. THEY DECLARED THE CHOSEN ONE FOR WHOM THEY SEEMED THEY WERE SCREAMING LOUDER THAN OTHERS. THIS METHOD OF VOTING GREEKS FROM OTHER CITIES MOCKINGLY CALLED CHILDREN'S (apparently because small children, when arguing, often start shouting: each, proving that he is right, tries to out-shout the other).
SPARTAN EDUCATION. THE GREEKS CLAIMED THAT CHILDREN IN SPARTA BELONGED NOT TO THEIR PARENTS, BUT TO THE STATE. THE FATHER HAD TO TAKE THE NEWBORN TO THE ELDERS. THEY EXAMINED THE CHILD AND, IF THEY FOUND HIM STRONG, GAVE HIM TO THE FATHER. IF THE CHILD WAS FAINLESS, HE WAS THROWED FROM A MOUNTAIN CLIFF INTO THE Abyss.
AT THE HEAD OF EACH SQUAD THEY PUT ONE WHO WAS SMART AND WAS THE BRAVEEST IN FIGHTS. THE OTHERS FOLLOWED HIS ORDERS AND ENDURED THE PUNISHMENTS IN SILENCE. ONE OF THE MOST RESPECTED SPARTANS WAS APPOINTED AS THE CHIEF TUTOR OF THE BOYS. THE GAMES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CHILDREN WERE ALSO LOOKED BY THE OLD PEOPLE. THEY TRIED TO CAUSE A QUALIFICATION AND A FIGHT, AND THEN WATCHED IF THEIR PETS WERE COURAGEOUS AND RESISTANT IN FIGHTS.
THE CHILDREN WERE TRAINED TO STANDARD INCONVENIENCE AND DEprivation. THEY RUNNED HALF NAKED AND SHOELESS, SLEEP ON BEDS THAT THEY PREPARED FOR THEMSELVES, BREAKING REEDS WITH THEIR BARE HANDS ON THE BORE OF EUROTOUS. THEY FEED THE BOYS SCARYLY, ENCOURAGING THEM TO GET THEIR FOOD FOR THEMSELVES. THEY STOLEN NOT ONLY FROM GARDENS AND OTHERS' PANTROOMS, BUT EVEN IN TEMPLES FOOD INTENDED AS SACRIFICE TO THE GODS. THEY STOLE EVERYTHING EATABLE FROM UNDER THE NOSE OF THE GUARDS - VEGETABLES, BREAD, CHEESE. BUT IF THE THIEF WAS CAUGHT, HE WAS BEATEN WITH A WHIP, PUNISHED NOT FOR THEFT, BUT FOR INDEPENDENT THEFT.
YOUNG SPARTANS WERE TAUGHT TO SPEAK BRIEFLY, TO GIVE CUTE AND ACCURATE ANSWERS (such speech is called laconic - after the name of the region of laconia). THE ATHENIANS CONSIDERED THE SPARTANS AS IGNORANTS BECAUSE THEY HAD LITTLE LITERATURE.
BUT BOTH BOYS AND GIRLS WERE ACTING INTENSIVELY IN GYMNASTICS: COMPETING IN RUNNING, JUMPING, WRESTLING, DISCUS AND SPEAR THROWING. THE BOYS SPENDED HOURS OF LEARNING THE WAR SONGS WITH WHICH THE SPARTANS WENT TO BATTLE TO THE SOUNDS OF THE FLUTE. YOUNG SINGERS GLORIFIED THOSE FALLED FOR SPARTA, CURSED THE COWARDS, PROMISING IN THE FUTURE TO PROVE THEIR BRAVERY AND TO PERFORM FEATS WORTHY TO PRESERVE FOR CENTURIES.
DURING ONE OF THE WARS, THE SPARTANS WERE FORECASTED THAT THEY WOULD WIN IF AN ATHENIAN LEADERED THEIR ARMY. BUT THE ATHENIANS, IN MOCKERY, SENT NOT THE COMMANDER, BUT THE LAME SCHOOL TEACHER TYRTHEUS. THE SPARTANS FIRST SUBJECTED HIM TO MOCKING. HOWEVER, TYRTHEUS WAS A POET, HIS FIRED SONGS RAISED THE SPIRIT OF THE WARRIORS AND THE SPARTANS WON. WITH THE SONGS OF TYRTHEUS, THE SPARTANS WENT INTO BATTLE. IN HIS POEMS, THE POET CELEBRATED THE WARRIOR, DEVOTED TO HIS HOMELAND, THE LEGEND OF THE POET TYRTHEUS
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“Sparta and its army” Completed by: Galina Alekseevna Kulesh, history teacher.
The purpose of this work is not only to restore the picture of the military past of Ancient Sparta and the education of Spartan fighters, but also to explore Ancient Sparta in a single natural process of history. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to set tasks, namely: analyze the upbringing of Spartan boys, consider the Spartan army, consider the weapons of the Spartans, consider Sparta in the time of Herodotus.
Spartan shield Sparta or Lacedaemon is an ancient state in Greece in the Laconia region in the south of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Eurotas Valley. The word Lacedaemon was almost always used as the official name of the Spartan state (for example, in international treaties). Territory of Ancient Sparta.
Sparta is a militarized state. Emblem of the Spartan Army The Army of Sparta is a military formation of the city-state of Sparta. It was believed that “a Spartan warrior is worth several other warriors.” The land in Sparta was divided between farms in which helots worked. The farms belonged to the state, and each Spartan received everything he needed from one of them. This system allowed the Spartans to devote all their time to the art of war.
Raising a Spartan Boy At the age of seven, boys were taken from their mothers, their hair was cut off, and they were put into groups. The children lived, ate and slept together and were taught by the same mentor. They were taught to endure hunger and get food for themselves. Fights were encouraged among both children and adults. The Spartans' virtue was courage, and their greatest vice was cowardice. Those killed in battle were carried home on their shields, hence the expression “with a shield or on a shield.” A youth was considered an adult at the age of twenty, when he became fit for military service.
Spartan army. The Spartan's armament consisted of a spear, a short sword and protective weapons: a round shield, a helmet, a chest armor and leggings. The weight of protective weapons reached 30 kg. A heavily armed fighter was called a hoplite. The Spartan army also included lightly armed fighters, whose weapons consisted of a light spear, a dart or a bow with arrows. The basis of the Spartan army were hoplites, numbering about 5-6 thousand people.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Lesson summary Ancient Sparta 5th grade.
Summary of a history lesson in grade 5 on the topic: “Ancient Sparta.” Larisa Vladimirovna Kostyuchenko, history teacher at Krasnopoimsk Secondary School. Goal: To introduce students to public and government...
In this lesson, fifth-graders compare the political systems of Athens and Sparta. The lesson is held in the form of a game....
The system of civil education of Spartan boys Spartan boys Plutarch Plutarch writes that in ancient Sparta there was a custom of killing newborn children by throwing them into Apophetes (“place of failure” gorge in the Taygetos Mountains), if they had any physical disabilities. Sparta Apothets of Taygetus The upbringing of a child did not depend on the will of the father; he brought him to the “forest”, a place where the senior members of the phylum sat and examined the child. If he turned out to be strong and healthy, he was given to his father to feed, allocating him one of the nine plots of land, but weak and ugly children were thrown into the “apophetes”, an abyss near Taygetos. Leshuphiles Taygetos Gorge
At birth, the boy was taken and carried to the edge of the Apophetes abyss, where he was examined for a long time and carefully. If the boy was sick or weak, he was thrown into the abyss. Apophetes Spartan children were subjected to various tests from infancy. The cribs in which the children slept were very rough and hard. At the age of seven, boys were sent to special military camps. There they learned to survive. Those who couldn't cope died. They slept on straw bedding, and they were only allowed to wear clothes from the age of 12. Some boys put nettles in their bedding so that it would burn them and warm them. The boys were intensely engaged in physical exercises, practicing wielding a sword and throwing a spear. They had to look for food themselves by stealing, robbing, and if necessary, killing. They were sometimes allowed to “have fun”, that is, to organize so-called cryptia; the boys ran to neighboring villages (helots) and robbed them, and killed the strongest men. They also killed livestock and basked in their entrails.
At the age of 17, when the young Spartans had to return home, the last test awaited them: they needed to get to the temple of Artemis, which was located very high in the mountains. Once there, the Spartan had to “make a sacrifice.” The priests of the temple tied the young man over a large sacrificial bowl and began to whip him with wet rods until the first drops of blood. This was the case if the young man did not make a single sound, but as soon as he made a sound, they beat him even harder until he remained silent. They could have beaten him until he lost consciousness and even died. In this way the weak ones were eliminated. Girls in Sparta did not go through this system, but they were forced to play a lot of sports, and sometimes were taught to use weapons. Temple of Artemis
“Schools of Ancient Greece” - Eratosthenes – the father of geography. In the palestras, boys learned to read, write, and count. Herodotus is called the father of modern history. From the age of 12, boys attended the palestra, a sports school. III. "Catch the Bug". Ancient Greek alphabet, writing. When teaching literacy, the teacher read aloud a text written on papyrus.
“Myths of Ancient Greece” - Copenhagen. 2005. Bust of Zeus. Calliope. Melpomene. Poseidon. Polyhymnia. Ares. Hydra Medusa Gorgon Cyclops. Jason. Olympian Zeus. Poseidon (god of the seas). Titans. Calliope Clio Erato Euterpe Melpomene Polyhymnia Terpsichore Thalia Urania. Battle of Zeus with Typhon. BC. 2000 1000 0 1000 2000 A.D. Zeus.
“Game about Ancient Greece” - Aegean Sea. Your own game on the theme “ancient Greece”. Demos. God who gave people fire Prometheus. In honor of Zeus. In honor of which god were the Olympic Games held? The city that was discovered by archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in 1870 is Troy. Goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite. The western coast of which peninsula was occupied by Ancient Greece? Asia Minor Peninsula.
“Game according to Ancient Greece” - Pericles. Sparta 30 points. Miltiades. The world of Homeric heroes 10 points. But on both flanks, victory was on the side of the Athenians and Plataeans... Parthenon. Odysseus. Catchphrases 20 points. Athens Answer: Yes, in the Athenian temple of Erechtheion, the roof of the portico was supported by statues of girls. The world of Homeric heroes 40 points.
“Vase Painting of Ancient Greece” - The art of Greece, as in all ancient countries, is associated with beliefs and mythology. Ancient Greece. Athlete, victorious hero. Geometric style. A favorite theme in the art of Ancient Greece was man. Vase painting flourished in Greece, which testifies to the Greeks' love of color and paint. At sea, the god Poseidon breaks the waves with his trident.
“Heroes of Ancient Greece” - Why can’t you look back? The myth of Tantalus. Orpheus loses Eurydice. Why did Orpheus look back? Who and how helped Perseus cope with the jellyfish? Snake bite... Quiz “How well do we know myths about heroes.” Which ancient Greek heroes do you know? Guessing the meaning of mythological images is very interesting and difficult.
Slide 2
RAISING SPARTANS
Upon reaching seven years of age, the little Spartan came directly under the jurisdiction of the states. All children were divided into groups; mostly six boys each. The most intelligent and dexterous child commanded the detachment. The commander's powers were quite broad. The rest of the children obeyed him unquestioningly. This is how ideal warriors were raised (this was the only profession of a real Spartan). In battle, the hoplite instinctively did not dare to ignore the order; he obeyed him like an automaton. For this reason, the Spartans developed a special conditioned instinct from childhood: “instant obedience to orders.”
Slide 3
“The older children were ordered to collect firewood, the younger ones - vegetables. Everything they brought was stolen. Some went to the gardens for this, others sneaked into the sissitia, trying to show all their cunning and caution. Anyone caught was beaten without mercy with a whip, like a bad, clumsy thief. If the opportunity presented itself, they also stole prepared food, and learned to attack sleeping people and bad watchmen. The children tried,” writes Plutarch, “to hide their theft as carefully as possible.”
Slide 4
At school, children were taught not only to obey orders, but also to fight valiantly by following them. The training of new soldiers was vitally important for the state. Every year competitions were held between Spartan youths - a kind of “fights without rules.” In this battle, the young men did not spare each other. Upon reaching the age of 20, young men settled in barracks for adults. All of them were considered liable for military service (the period of military service in Sparta was forty years). Plutarch directly says that military campaigns were an opportunity for the Spartans to take a break from such a life: “On the whole earth, for the Spartans alone, war turned out to be a rest from preparing for it.”
Slide 5
SCIENCE AND ART
Education was very limited. Reading and writing were not part of the official curriculum, but most citizens learned it on their own. Music and dancing were included in public education not only as entertainment, but as elements of moral development. The Spartans did not engage in music for the sake of gentle sounds. The dance with weapons was more like a combat exercise. Dancing classes were not much different from everyday drill; they only diversified it. The Spartans went to battle to the sound of the flute. According to Plutarch, the melodies of the Spartans “had the ability to penetrate the soul, arouse courage and generous feelings, and inspire outbursts of enthusiasm.” Spartan songs praised the bravery of those lucky enough to die for Sparta.
Slide 6
GIRLS' EDUCATION
The education of girls was also strictly regulated, and music, dancing and singing henceforth faded into the background, crowded out by gymnastics and sports. Like boys, they were divided into groups and underwent sports training, practicing running, wrestling, throwing a javelin and discus. In addition, women were instilled with a noble way of thinking, the consciousness that she too could join in valor and honor. That is why Spartan women could speak and think as they say about the wife of King Leonidas named Gorgo. One Athenian woman told her: “You Spartans are the only ones who do what you want with your husbands.” “Yes, but we are the only ones who give birth to husbands,” answered the queen.”