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Otkritie may cut up to 20% of its staff in 2016. This is slightly less than in 2015, when the group laid off almost 27% of bank employees

Chairman of the Board of Directors of Otkrytie Financial Group Vadim Belyaev (Photo: RIA Novosti)

​Otkritie Financial Group may cut up to 20% of its staff in 2016, said the largest shareholder and chairman of the board of directors of Otkritie Financial Group Vadim Belyaev in an interview with the Rossiya 24 TV channel.

“We will continue to downsize,” Belyaev said, answering a journalist’s question about whether the group will cut staff in 2016. The reason for the cuts, he said, is the consolidation of the group’s banks and the elimination of duplicate positions. “When a bank merges, at least some of the positions can be reduced. In principle, quite a large part,” he said.

The group may cut staff by about 20%, Belyaev said. “It all depends on how events develop.<...>A big number, but times are tough. The fastest survive,” he added.

We are not talking about a target indicator - the group has no plans to reduce a certain number of employees, the Otkritie Holding press service responded to RBC’s request. “This is a rough estimate based on our previous experience. The group is increasing efficiency by eliminating duplicative positions that emerged as a result of the integration of a number of banks into the group,” the response says.

Currently, Otkritie’s banking business includes FC Otkritie Bank, KhMB Otkritie Bank and Trust Bank, which is undergoing a financial recovery procedure.

The reorganization of Trust Bank “turned out to be the most difficult test for the group,” Belyaev said in an interview. “It was, in my opinion, a huge factory for producing false documents; there was no banking business there as such. This structure collected deposits from the population, and then, using a large number of intermediate companies, reinvested this money in maintaining its own balance sheet,” Belyaev said, adding that 75% of the Trust’s assets were “cunningly arranged investments within themselves.” Belyaev added that the money received from the Central Bank and the DIA was not enough to save the bank.

In June 2015, FC Otkritie Bank acquired Petrocommerce Bank. According to the banks' quarterly reports, the number of bank employees after the merger decreased by 40.8%. At the end of 2014, 5.1 thousand people worked at FC Otkritie Bank, 4.1 thousand people worked at Petrokommerts; a year later, the total staff of the merged banks dropped to 5.4 thousand people.

Other banks of the group also cut staff: the rehabilitated Trust laid off almost half of its employees in a year, or 3 thousand people, but KhMB Otkritie - only 329 people (10.3 thousand people at the end of the first quarter of 2015 versus 10 thousand . people at the end of the fourth quarter of 2015).

Vadim Belyaev emphasized in an interview that he could continue to merge the group’s banks this year. “Difficult times of crisis are the right time to merge banks and save on costs. I think that as soon as we are ready and this idea is approved by the Central Bank, we will merge the banks of the Otkritie group,” he said.

“We are currently considering various options for an integration strategy, none of which is final yet,” the holding’s press service responded to the question of whether all banks are planned to be merged. Earlier, Vedomosti, citing its sources, reported that the Otkritie group is considering the possibility of merging its two banks - KhMB Otkritie and Trust.

The development and integration of banking assets is one of the core competencies of the Otkritie group, the press service added. “Our banking business was formed through the integration of more than 10 banks of various sizes. As a result of consolidation processes, their number was reduced to three. But further growth in efficiency, especially in the current conditions, may require deeper integration,” the press service said in its response.

The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia increased by 10% compared to August 2016, said Deputy Minister of Economic Development of Russia Oleg Fomichev at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. Such dynamics have not been observed for a long time; business is showing good growth, he noted. Now there are more than 6 million such companies in Russia, including more than 5.5 million are micro-businesses, 266,000 are small companies, and 20,000 enterprises are medium-sized businesses. President of Opora Russia Alexander Kalinin also recently noted the positive dynamics in the development of small and medium-sized businesses. According to him, the domestic microbusiness segment in 2016 increased by 500,000 enterprises, or 8.5%, thanks to state support.

The increase occurred not so much due to the emergence of new companies, but due to the restructuring of existing ones, believes Tatyana Mineeva, vice-president of Business Russia. New benefits have appeared for small businesses, such as tax holidays, and large companies are converting some of their structures into small or medium-sized businesses in order to optimize taxes, Mineeva knows.

The ranks of entrepreneurs have increased not because it has become easier for them to work in Russia, agrees Eduard Savulyak, director of the Moscow office of Tax Consulting. There is no growth in production and sales; small businesses have increased only on paper, he believes. One of the reasons for the increase in the ranks of small entrepreneurs is changes in laws and the increased desire of businesses to optimize tax expenses due to the crisis, the lawyer clarifies. Dmitry Nesvetov, a member of the board of the Moscow branch of Opora Russia, agrees with him, who believes that there was no real growth last year. He recalls that since January 2017, the state introduced a more favorable regime for those who work under the simplified taxation system (STS). The maximum revenue at which an entrepreneur is entitled to the simplified tax system was raised from 60 million to 120 million rubles, which allowed larger companies to fit into the limit, says Nesvetov. In 2015, the maximum revenue at which an enterprise is considered a medium-sized business was also doubled (it was 1 billion rubles, now it is 2 billion rubles), and companies that were previously considered large fell into the category of small and medium-sized businesses, lawyers note.

The current growth is also compensation for the decline in the number of entrepreneurs in the previous two years, says Savulyak. In the first half of 2015 there were 242,600 small and medium-sized companies, and in the first half of 2016 there were 172,800, according to Rosstat. And against this background, an increase of 10% is just a return to pre-crisis statistics, notes Savulyak.

The general director of the company producing vending machines “Invend”, Viktor Zubik, says that 2016 was a difficult year for him. Many customers and clients postponed orders due to the unstable ruble exchange rate. The partners lived one day at a time, refusing long-term contracts, Zubik complains. "Invend" had to save money - for example, move to a smaller office. Now the market has stabilized, and because of this, clients who previously froze projects have revived, says Zubik. Revenue has increased compared to last year, and the company is hiring new employees, Zubik says.

Trade has picked up, demand is recovering, and there is a shortage of commercial real estate. Rising oil prices and the strengthening of the ruble have contributed, albeit insignificantly, to the replenishment of the ranks of entrepreneurs, says Savulyak.

No ephemera

In 2016, 650,000 legal entities were excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities by decision of the tax authorities, since they had not provided reports for more than a year and had no transactions on their accounts

But most entrepreneurs did not notice any improvement. Yuri Panchenko, a farmer from the Rostov region, says that the demand for his product - goat milk - in 2016-2017. grew up But this is explained, in his opinion, by the fact that in the Rostov region there were no longer producers of pasteurized goat milk with a short shelf life. Panchenko notes that in 2017, a new program of preferential lending to farmers was launched (at rates of no more than 5% per annum). In February, he submitted documents to Sberbank for such a loan, but is still waiting for an answer. The tax burden, the farmer says, remains the same: he pays a single agricultural tax - 6% of revenue.

The founder of the Mr.Pit fast food chain, Alexander Kolosov, says that 2017 started worse than the previous one - he had to increase advertising costs so that sales did not drop. He clarifies that his network of cafes has virtually no problems with the state; recently there have been no conflicts with government agencies or sudden inspections.

Now small entrepreneurs are less afraid of criminal liability, believes Artem Chekotkov, a lawyer at the Moscow bar association Knyazev and Partners. In the summer of 2016, amendments were made to the Criminal Code - they raised the minimum threshold, upon reaching which a company is held liable for non-payment of taxes, to 5 million rubles, he clarifies. It is more profitable to be small - a small company does not have enough money to evade taxes by that amount, the lawyer explains. And there are more and more tax crimes in Russia: in 2014, according to the Prosecutor General’s Office, there were 6,250 of them, in 2015 – 9,041, in 2016 – 9,283.

The IT company Telecom-Project's revenue doubled over the year, said its CEO Evgeny Tsaplin. Weak competitors went bankrupt, and Telecom-Project managed to increase its customer base.

Tsaplin did not notice any relaxation on the part of the state: the tax burden did not change, and the bureaucracy did not decrease. Thank you for not interfering, says Tsaplin.

According to Rosstat, the number of small enterprises in Russia has sharply decreased. Experts, however, argue that the real picture in the field of small and medium-sized businesses is currently impossible to assess. Only in a year will it become clear how business survived the reduction in state support against the backdrop of the difficult economic situation in the country. Moreover, the volume of state support will continue to decline.

The number of small enterprises in Russia decreased by 69.8 thousand: according to Rosstat, in the first half of 2015 there were 242.6 thousand, and in the first half of 2016 there were 172.8 thousand. In fact, assess the dynamics of the development of small enterprises Based on statistics, it is now almost impossible, because a little over a year ago, by a decree of the Russian government, the classification was changed, and a significant part of small businesses fell into the category of micro-businesses, and part of medium-sized businesses were classified as small. How many enterprises closed during this period, how many new ones appeared - there are no such statistics.

According to data from the Unified Register of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, published on the website of the Federal Tax Service (FTS), there are now a total of 5,671,909 enterprises registered in Russia with revenues of up to 2 billion rubles. Most of them belong to micro-businesses - 5,380,768. Data on small businesses differ from Rosstat calculations: as of September 10, the Federal Tax Service counted 270,540 enterprises. There are only 20,601 medium-sized business organizations.

According to Marina Bludyan, vice-president of the all-Russian public organization of medium and small businesses “Support of Russia”, the statistics of the Federal Tax Service are the most accurate indicators that will make it possible after some time to assess how the number of entrepreneurs is changing.

In the meantime, based on Rosstat statistics, we can say that since the beginning of the year the number of small businesses has not changed: the figure of 172.8 appears both in the results of the first quarter and in the results of six months of 2016. However, this is too short a period for the data to be indicative.

As a result of the adoption of Resolution No. 702, the number of small and medium-sized businesses formally increased, although in fact their number may not have changed or even decreased, explains Ivan Efremenkov, deputy executive director of Support of Russia. - However, now there are many more applicants for benefits, because micro-enterprises and small businesses equally benefit from government business support programs. Preferences were received by former medium-sized enterprises that acquired the status of small businesses. Now they can qualify for preferential programs, for example, participate in special auctions, rent property at special rates, count on consulting support and various subsidies. However, the financial part of the program to support small and medium-sized businesses is being reduced from year to year.”

According to Efremenkov, a year ago the state allocated about 17 billion rubles for these purposes, this year - only 12 billion rubles.

We see multidirectional trends: on the one hand, more and more enterprises can apply for state support, on the other hand, this state support is being reduced,” the specialist notes. - Thus, the lack of government support is obvious. We are receiving complaints that the usual support measures are no longer available. At the same time, further reductions in funding are currently being discussed.

According to Efremenkov, the fact that the number of small enterprises has not changed in six months does not mean anything - at that time the regions were still implementing the 2015 budget. The effect of the 2016 budget cuts will be felt in 2017. Perhaps it will not be pronounced, because financial state support goes to an extremely small number of entrepreneurs: no more than 3%. In addition, the state is taking other measures to support entrepreneurship.

Tax holidays are being introduced for individual entrepreneurs (we believe that this is why their number has increased by 5% in a year and a half); supervisory holidays have been introduced for small businesses, that is, scheduled inspections are not carried out,” says Efremenkov. These are trends with a positive sign, so we cannot definitely expect a reduction in the number of small businesses as a result of curtailing funding.

Marina Bludyan is sure that government financial support should not be provided to businesses at all:

Entrepreneurs themselves decide to open a business, and they themselves must know where to get funds for it. Why they need to be provided with financial support at the expense of taxpayers, I don’t know. Our society is very infantile. I understand when scientists, teachers, and doctors want to receive grants. But it’s strange when an entrepreneur asks for money. What is your entrepreneurial essence?

Bludyan appeals to the experience of Germany, which subsidized the development of small businesses in its eastern territories, but came to the conclusion that they still continued to develop only in the western part of the country.

According to the specialist, the state should financially help only businessmen from socially disadvantaged segments of the population: the disabled and those with many children. Other entrepreneurs also need to be supported, especially in times of crisis, but in a different way.

The specialist explains that now in Russia, enterprises pay taxes on all profits, but if we want to achieve business growth, we need to tax only that part of the income that is taken from the business.

Everything that is invested in business development cannot be taxed. Then entrepreneurs will have an incentive to develop it. Such measures will have a positive impact not so much on increasing the number of entrepreneurs, but on strengthening the business of existing enterprises. And in the current conditions, investing in business is unprofitable.

Economic growth can also increase significantly due to exports, Bludyan believes.

Now Russia accounts for only 2% of consumption. All other consumption is abroad. We need to help exporters. Look at the boom China has created. But he also gave incredible benefits to exporters. But we have currency control and a huge number of quitrents, that is, non-tax payments that must be paid within the country: for some measurements, calculations, declarations, accreditations. And all these are paid services. We have 197 types of control and supervision. Entrepreneurs must maintain special staff who work with these people. There is no such thing abroad. As a result, our product turns out to be uncompetitive. The state must carefully examine how to help enterprises. But not with money. Do you remember there was a parable - which help is better, a fish or a fishing rod? I'm convinced it's a fishing rod.

Izvestia Help

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 702 of July 13, 2015 “On the maximum values ​​of revenue from the sale of goods (works, services) for each category of small and medium-sized businesses” doubled the indicators for classification as small and medium-sized businesses. Since that time, micro-enterprises include organizations with revenues of up to 120 million rubles (previously 60 million rubles), small businesses - with revenues of up to 800 million rubles (previously 400 million rubles), medium-sized businesses - up to 2 billion rubles (previously 1 billion rubles). ).