Slide 2
The Negroid race is one of the large races of people. The term "Negroid" is often used to refer to all people with black or brown skin color. Some researchers attribute the Negroid race to the equatorial (Negro-Australoid) race. A number of authors call representatives of the Negroid race Congoids in order to distinguish them from representatives of other darkly pigmented African races: capoids, pygmies and Ethiopians. In the XIX-XX centuries. in many classifications, Negroids were combined with Australoids into the “equatorial race.” Modern research has shown that the genetic differences between these two races are greater than between either of them and any other race, and some external similarities (dark skin color and curly hair color) are explained by adaptation to similar living conditions.
Slide 3
Characteristic signs
Various heights, elongated limbs (especially arms), dark skin (especially rich in melanin), curly hair, poor beard and mustache growth, wide flat nose, thick lips, large brown eyes, large ears, prognathism (involves protruding jaws, in addition , the lower jaw lacks a mental protuberance. These features create an acute facial angle).
Slide 4
Origin
The most ancient Negroid skull, Nazlet Khater, is 35-40 thousand years old and was found in southern Egypt. The owner of this skull had a low, sloping forehead, but he had pronounced prognathism.
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Spreading
The main region of settlement is the area of historical formation of the race: Africa, south of the Sahara. Also, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Negroid population includes a significant part of the population of Brazil, the West Indies, the USA and France. In Russia, until the 20th century, there were practically no representatives of the Negroid race, however, according to the Metis Foundation, during the years of Soviet Union assistance to developing countries, about 70 thousand blacks remained in the USSR. According to estimates by the Institute of African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, about 40 thousand children were born from mixed marriages with blacks in the USSR and Russia over the last few decades of the 20th century.
Slide 6
War in the USA
One of the main causes of the American Civil War of 1861-1865 was the problem of slavery, which existed at that time in the South. Slavery had been firmly entrenched in the southern states since the colonial era. Here, up to 40% of the population consisted of slaves. The result of the war was the prohibition of slavery, enshrined in the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution, which came into force on December 18, 1865. But even after this, the Ku Klux Klan existed for a long time.
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"Neanderthals" - Burial of Neanderthals. 200 - 30 thousand years ago. Neanderthal dwellings. Ancient people. Further formation of the curves of the spine occurs. Neanderthals (ancient people). Ancient people (200,000 to 30,000 years ago). Neanderthals (Homo Neandertalensis - Neanderthal man; paleontrope): (the entire territory of the Old World).
“The Origin and Development of Man” - Social Progress. Goals and objectives: Pithecanthropus 1 million years ago. Stages of development. What united all mythological beliefs? Social. Find out what important inventions helped ancient people survive and develop. Neanderthal 250 thousand years ago. Give examples of the manifestation of human biological and social properties.
"Human Races" - Negroids. Sambo. The narrow shape of the eyes protects from wind and dust of the steppes. Equatorial peoples. Caucasoid (Eurasian). Equatorial race (Two branches: Australoid and Negroid). Negroid (African) races. Indians. Characteristics of large human races. All mixed races are transitional from one main race to another.
“Ancient people” - Take home: § 64. The origin of man. Pithecanthropus. Homo sapiens, subspecies Homo sapiens Neanderthal and Homo sapiens sapiens. Height is about 155-165 cm. The most ancient people (archanthropes) include (_). Repetition: Speech is articulate. Chapter XIV. Archanthropes lived 2 million - 200 thousand years ago. Later, primitive stone tools were also found.
“Races on Earth” - Characteristic features of a race. Mulatto. Mestizos are descendants of marriages of Caucasian and Mongoloid races. Negroid race. Mongoloid race. Bright skin. The ratio of races on Earth. Mulattoes are descendants of marriages of Caucasian and Negroid races. Thin lips. Mixed races. Caucasian race. Races of the Earth. Straight or wavy hair Lives in: Europe America Australia.
“Biosocial Man” - Instincts. The need for food, sleep, movement. The essence of man. Biosocial nature of man. The ability for conscious, purposeful activity. Presentation on biology Prepared by biology teacher S.V. Golubeva MKOU Secondary School No. 4, Lesosibirsk. Articulate speech. A condition, a prerequisite for human existence.
There are 19 presentations in total
Negroid raceNegroid race
- one of the main races of people.
In the XIX-XX centuries. in many classifications Negroids
united with the Australo-Veddoids into a hypothetical
"equatorial race". Modern research has shown
that the genetic differences between these two races are higher,
than between any of them and any other race, and some
external similarity (dark skin color and dark curly hair
hair) is explained by adaptation to similar living conditions
Characteristic signs
Characteristic: different heights, elongated limbs (especially arms andshin), dark skin (especially rich in melanin), curly hair,
the beard and mustache grow well (the hair on the body is weak),
wide flat nose, thick lips, large dark
eyes, prognathism (involves protruding jaws, except
In addition, the lower jaw lacks a chin protrusion. These traits create
acute facial angle)
Origin
The most ancient skull with some “Negroid” features (inparticularly prognathism) Nazlet Khater is 35-40 thousand years old and
was found in southern Egypt
Negro minor race
The main, most common variant of the large Negroid race.The Negro minor race is widespread throughout most of the
territories of sub-Saharan Africa. Characteristics: very dark
skin, hair very curly, nose very wide, with a flattened
bridge of the nose, very large interorbital space, lips very
thick, dolichocephaly, low face, strongly prognathous.
Central African (Negrillian, Pygmy) small race
Negrillian (or Pygmy, or Central African) race -variant of the large Negroid race. Distributed in equatorial
rain forests of Central Africa. Characteristics: very
short stature, strong growth of beard, mustache and body hair, extremely wide
and a short nose with a flat bridge and often a convex bridge,
relatively thin lips.
Capoid (Khoisan (Khoisanoid), Bushman) small race
Kapo Ida (Bushmen, Khoisan race), also South African orBushman race - a variant of the large Negroid race, widespread
in the dry regions of South Africa. Characteristics: low
height, rather flat face, small lower jaw, due to which
the face takes on a triangular shape, the nose is quite narrow, the bridge of the nose
very flat, epicanthus developed, relatively light yellowish-brown
skin, short spiral-curled hair, which can be longer,
than neighboring black groups, steatopygia in women, very short stature
beards and mustaches. Many features resemble Mongoloid ones.
Joke from Egor
Spreading
The main region of settlement is sub-Saharan Africa. Also toAt the beginning of the 21st century, the Negroid population includes part of the population
Latin America, West Indies, USA.
In Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan, Mauritania, in the north
Mali, Niger, Chad, southern Egypt, Libya, Algeria and Morocco live
peoples of the intermediate Caucasian-Negroid Ethiopian race, as well as
Moors, Berbers, Arabs and Tuaregs mixed with Negroids.
On the territory of modern Russia until the 20th century, representatives
There was almost no Negroid race; the Negroid group of Abkhazians is known. By
According to the Metis Foundation, since the 60s, 70,000 people have come to the Soviet Union
blacks.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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The gods sculpted figurines of people from clay and fired them in the oven. After that, they acquired a red-brown color and they were Indians. But one day they chatted and forgot to take them out of the oven in time, the figurines became charred like firebrands, and so dark-skinned Africans appeared. Then the gods, afraid of ruining their work and burning the clay figurines, hurried, and they turned out to be an unpleasant pale pink color. This is how the Europeans appeared. There is an Indian legend.
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How the term race itself came about has not yet been precisely established. Possibly from the Arabic “ras” - “beginning”, “root”. Or maybe from the Italian “raza” - “tribe”. In a meaning close to modern, the word “race” is found in the French scientist Francois Bernier, who in 1684 published one of the first classifications of modern human races. The history of the emergence of the term “race”.
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Slide description:
Races are historically established groups of people, identified by scientists on the basis of their kinship, unity of origin, which is manifested in external similarity (color of skin, eyes, hair; shape of the skull, body length, etc.). Among the races of modern people, several of the largest are distinguished. These are Caucasoid (Eurasian), Mongoloid (Asian-American), Equatorial (Negroid-Australoid). What are races?
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Slide description:
Caucasoid race (also called Eurasian or Caucasoid) - a race common before the Age of Discovery in Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, partly in Central Asia and northern and central India; later - on all inhabited continents. Caucasians settled especially widely in North America and South America, South Africa and Australia. It is the most numerous race on Earth (about 40% of the planet's population). Caucasian race.
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Slide description:
It is characterized, first of all, by an orthognathic face, protruding slightly forward in the horizontal plane. Caucasian hair is straight or wavy, usually soft (especially in northern groups). The brow ridges protrude slightly above the surface of the forehead, the eye shape is wide, although the palpebral fissure may be small, the nose is usually large, but at the same time narrow, protruding, the bridge of the nose is high, the thickness of the lips is small or medium, the growth of the beard and mustache is strong. The hand and foot are wide. Skin, hair and eye color varies from very light shades in northern groups to rich shades in southern and eastern populations. Characteristic features of the race.
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Slide description:
The Caucasian race in its modern form did not emerge earlier than the Holocene. The most probable assumption is that the bulk of the large Caucasian race had an original area of \u200b\u200borigin somewhere within a vast area covering parts of south-west Asia, as well as southern Europe and northern Africa. The range of Caucasoids probably also included some regions of Central and Western Asia, which had a foothill-steppe character, as well as, partially, the Mediterranean with its arid coastal regions. From here, Caucasians could settle in different directions, gradually occupying all of Europe and northern Africa. In the European population, blue eyes were already widespread among hunter-gatherers of the Mesolithic era, but the gene responsible for light skin pigmentation became established with 100% frequency only by the Bronze Age. There are two branches within the Caucasoids - northern and southern. The differences between them relate mainly to the pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and hair. Between these two branches there are peoples occupying an intermediate position. The Soviet ethnographer and Doctor of Historical Sciences N. N. Cheboksarov back in the 30s expressed the idea that southern Caucasians, intermediate variants and northern Caucasians are the result of a consistent process of depigmentation of an initially dark-pigmented population. Southern Caucasians are closer to the original type than northern Caucasians. Origin of the Caucasians.
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Slide description:
The Negroid race is one of the large races of people. In the XIX-XX centuries. in many classifications, Negroids were combined with Australoids into the “equatorial race.” Modern research has shown that the genetic differences between these two races are greater than between either of them and any other race, and some external similarities (dark skin color and dark curly hair) are explained by adaptation to similar living conditions. In foreign literature, the term Negroid can be used to designate the Negro race, which does not include the Pygmies, Khoisans, representatives of the East African, Central African and South African races. Anti-racist Elizabeth Martinez proposed transferring the term congoid to all representatives of the black race, following the example of naming other races by geographical location. Negroid race.
Slide 9
Slide description:
Characteristics: different heights, elongated limbs (especially arms), dark skin (especially rich in melanin), curly hair, poor beard and mustache growth, wide flat nose, thick lips, large brown eyes, large ears, prognathism (involves protruding jaws, In addition, the lower jaw lacks a mental protuberance, which creates a sharp facial angle). Characteristic signs.
10 slide
Slide description:
The most ancient skull with some “Negroid” features (in particular prognathism), Nazlet Khater, is 35-40 thousand years old and was found in southern Egypt. Main region of settlement: Africa, south of the Sahara. At the beginning of the 21st century, part of the population of Brazil, the West Indies, and the USA also belongs to the Negroid population. On the territory of modern Russia, until the 20th century, there were almost no representatives of the Negroid race. The Negroid group of Abkhazians is known. The Metis Foundation estimates that 70,000 Africans have come to the Soviet Union since the 1960s. Origin, distribution.
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Slide description:
Mongoloid race (also Asian-American race) is a physical anthropology term applied to populations with phenotypic traits such as epicanthus, spatulate incisors, etc., common in East and Southeast Asia, America and the Arctic. The word "Mongoloid" is formed by combining the word "Mongol" and the suffix "-oid", which means "similar". The term was introduced at the beginning of racial science to describe primarily the Asian populations of various countries in Central and East Asia. Can be divided into Asian and American races. Mongoloid race.
summary of other presentations“Man and his origin” - Assignment Fill out the table reflecting the stages of human evolution. The position of man in the animal world. Physiological Comparative anatomical Embryological Paleontological Biochemical Genetic. Social Social life Consciousness Speech Labor activity. Human Origins. The main stages of anthropogenesis. Rudiments and atavisms. The main results of human evolution. Traits of distant ancestors.
“The Problem of the Origin of Man” - Aristotle. Great apes. Carl Linnaeus. Jean Baptiste Lamarck. Engels. Charles Darwin. Labor is the first basic condition of all human life. Factors of anthropogenic evolution (anthropogenesis). Skeleton and brain of humans and apes. People have been interested in their origins since ancient times. The forelimbs of vertebrates. Socrates. Similarities in the structure of the skeleton, nervous system, and digestive system.
“Theory of Man” - Cro-Magnon hunting scene. Neanderthal site. Burial of Cro-Magnons. Negroid race. Human races inhabiting the Earth. Neanderthal hunting scenes. Chronicle of humanity. South Indians. Australopithecus and Homo habilis. Mongoloid race. Theories about the descent of man. In any case, the denial of natural evolution is carried out within the framework of scientific terms. Cro-Magnon rock paintings. Northern Caucasians have light skin color.
“The History of Human Origins” - High eyebrows. Remains of an ancient man. Cold. Historical past of people. Homo erectus. Remains. Left side of the brain. Historical period. A skillful man. Ramapithecines ate plant foods. The most ancient people. Skeletal remains. Stone tools. Permanent teeth. Volume. The growth of ancient people. Gathering. The first modern people. Brain. Germany. Stone tools. The earliest people led an active lifestyle.
“The Mystery of the Origin of Man” - Historical Sequence. Anthropogenesis. The monocentrism hypothesis. Adaptive-ecological types of people. Western migration branch. Horizontal gene transfer. Races and race formation. FOХР2 gene. Adaptive, ecological types. Ecological types of people. General views. Human Origins. Modern humanity. Modern representations. Sequence of ancestral forms. Comparison of human and chimpanzee genomes.
“Concepts of the Origin of Man” - The Origin of Man. Stages of human evolution. Creatures. Fire. Line. The position of man in the animal world. Animals. Three stages. Fetal development. Ancient people. Upright walking. A group of Neanderthals. Modern people. The most ancient people. Cro-Magnons.