List of farm animals. Breeding farm animals Livestock animals

Farm animals are much more interesting than they might seem. They have their own characteristics, distinctive features and sometimes amazing skills.

Pigs

• Today there are more than 100 breeds of pigs.
• These animals have their own speech; scientists have counted more than 20 different sounds that mean different emotions or desires.
• Pigs have a very keen sense of smell, some are even trained to detect drugs, and then taken to serve at customs.
• After appropriate training, a pig can smell game birds at a distance of up to 35 m, and can also find a person under a thick layer of snow.
• A pig's orgasm lasts up to 10 minutes, and the volume of boar semen is 250-500 ml.
• Pigs are excellent swimmers.

Cows

• Scientists have found that cows cause more damage to the environment than planes and cars, this is due to the fact that animals emit huge amounts of methane during their lives.
• Bulls are color blind; in bullfights they charge at a rag, not knowing that it is red.
• Cows can learn from each other. For example, if one was electrocuted by an electric fence, the rest will avoid contact with the dangerous fence and only a small percentage of the entire herd will repeat the mistake of the first victim.
• Cows sense the Earth's magnetic field and have a well-developed sense of time. If you are late with milking by just 20-30 minutes, then the volume of milk is reduced by about 5%, and its fat content by 0.2-0.4%.
• In India, the cow is a sacred, untouchable animal.

Sheep

• Sheep are peaceful creatures with a highly developed herd instinct.
• It was the sheep that became the world's first cloned animal.
• Oddly enough, their distinguishing feature is not their size, nor their fur, but their tail! The longer and thicker it is, the more valuable the breed.
• The sheep recognize their shepherd. If you mix 3 herds and the shepherd of one of them begins to move aside and invites his charges to follow him, then only his sheep will come out of the entire gathering.

Goats

• Scientists suggest that the goat was one of the first animals domesticated by humans. According to archaeological excavations, goats were domesticated about 10,000 years ago.
• Recently, biologists have discovered that goats in different areas have their own accent.
• The pupil of goats and sheep is in the shape of a horizontal rectangle, which allows them to see 340 degrees without turning their heads.
• Goats are very attached to people.
• These are one of the few animals that do not suffer from tuberculosis.
• One adult goat can lead a herd of 30-50 females.

Our country today, unfortunately, is in a rather difficult post-crisis situation. And while crop production, albeit slowly, continues to develop, livestock production is experiencing a serious decline. This is due to many reasons. However, it is still possible to correct the situation. To do this, it is necessary to use new technologies in keeping and breeding animals, as well as take care of the reconstruction and modernization of old agricultural complexes.

What animals are bred in the Russian Federation?

Small farms and large agricultural complexes can have very different specializations. But most often agricultural companies and individual entrepreneurs breed the following types of farm animals:

small ruminants (MRL);

rabbits of meat and skin breeds.

In each case, a certain breeding and maintenance technology is used. All farm animals listed in the list are distinguished by good productivity and relative unpretentiousness in terms of feed and care.

Features of keeping cows

The profitability of farms and agricultural enterprises involved in cattle breeding depends mainly on the following factors:

Choosing the right breed. Most often, dairy cows are kept on farms today. Representatives of such breeds are capable of producing up to 5-6 thousand liters of milk during the lactation period. There are, of course, meat varieties of cows. When properly organized, breeding such animals can also be quite profitable. Their main value is very tasty, juicy, usually “marbled” (with thin layers of fat) meat.

Developing a suitable diet. The main food of cows is, of course, grass and hay in winter. However, these animals should also be fed root vegetables, grains, bran and mixed feed. The diet includes meat and bone meal, yeast, various vitamin and mineral supplements.

Setting up a suitable barn. A barn for these animals must be carefully planned. At least 6 m2 of area should be allocated per cow. These farm animals themselves must be kept in individual stalls. At the same time, feeders and shelves are installed along the working aisle. For milking, feeding and watering, the use of special equipment is economically justified.

Features of keeping pigs

In this case, at first it is also important to pay attention to the breed. Since they are distinguished by early ripening and fertility, with the right approach to the matter it can become a truly very profitable activity. After all, these animals are distinguished not only by their rapid weight gain, but also by their early maturity and fertility. From one sow alone you can sometimes get up to 14 cubs in one farrow. These animals are raised for about six months. During this time, the weight of piglets increases by 15-22 times.

Of course, the profitability of a pig farm is determined primarily by the correct organization of production. In this case, diseases of farm animals are eliminated and their productivity increases.

Currently, farmers raise beef, bacon and tallow pigs. The latter are unpretentious and quickly gain weight. Breeding bacon and meat breeds allows you to earn income from the sale of very high-quality, expensive meat. Today, about 30 breeds of pigs are bred in Russia. In any case, you should choose the one that is best adapted to the climate of this particular area.

Features of the organization of a pigsty

When designing a barn for these farm animals, the main emphasis should be on minimizing manual labor and maintaining cleanliness. The floors in modern pigsties are usually sloping (to drain urine and liquid feces). At the same time, special equipment is installed next to the barn - septic tanks. Ventilation and good lighting are also a prerequisite for successful pig keeping.

The barn itself is divided into several parts: for adult animals, young animals and sows. Sometimes a slaughterhouse is also set up. But more often, animals that have gained sufficient weight are still sent to slaughterhouses.

Feeding pigs

To quickly gain weight, these farm animals should receive the following types of feed:

coarse - grass and grass flour;

juicy - root vegetables (potatoes, ;

concentrated - grains.

Feeding of farm animals in this group is organized in such a way that they receive as much protein as possible. Therefore, the main emphasis in the diet is on grains. Pigs can be given oats, wheat, barley, etc. They also include carbohydrate feed in the diet - beet pulp, molasses. Their use helps improve the digestibility of grains by animals.

Features of the content of MRS

Types of farm animals such as goats and sheep are also very popular among domestic farmers. It is believed that their breeding can be quite profitable. The technology for keeping these animals can be pasture or stall-pasture. The first technique is usually practiced in warm regions.

In cold areas, flocks of sheep and goats are most often kept using the stall-pasture method. But even in this case, winter pastures are sometimes practiced.

Feeding goats

Premises intended for keeping goats and sheep are usually insulated with straw to prevent the occurrence of colds in animals in cold weather. Goats and sheep are fed from the nursery, and grazing continues in the fall until the snow layer reaches 10-15 cm. When kept in a pen, hay is used as the main feed. Goats and sheep are also given brooms prepared in advance from branches of deciduous trees. Of course, these animals should receive agricultural and concentrated feed. It can be grains, mixed feed, bran.

Fur farming in our country, unfortunately, is practically undeveloped. Farm animals such as dairy cows, pigs and sheep have been bred for a very long time and traditionally. Mainly only small farmers are involved in keeping rabbits. Meanwhile, raising these animals can become a truly profitable activity. Rabbit meat is considered unique because it does not contain cholesterol. Hence its high cost. Rabbits reproduce very quickly.

The only downside to keeping these animals on farms is that they are somewhat difficult to care for. Infectious diseases pose a serious danger to rabbits. If the technology is violated, a very large fall can be observed. The basic rule of keeping in this case is maintaining cleanliness in cages or enclosures.

Rabbits are fed the same as other farm animals. In this case, the main emphasis is on (grass, hay, brooms).

Livestock farm: features of organization

Of course, to breed farm animals, the first step is to build a pen, shed, cowshed or pigsty. However, farms and large agricultural enterprises usually represent entire complexes, which, among other things, may include:

water supply and sewerage systems;

access roads;

veterinary stations;

quarantine facilities;

walking yards;

green spaces.

Water mains are supplied to cowsheds, pigsties, etc., usually from autonomous wells through trenches at a depth below freezing of the soil. To distribute water, they are connected to special equipment. In most cases, a livestock farm is also equipped with a primitive sewage system. When choosing septic tanks and arranging drainage systems, it is important to correctly calculate the volume of wastewater.

Veterinary centers are usually organized only on large farms. Small farmers, if necessary, invite specialists from nearby settlements. Every household must have a quarantine facility. Animals are placed here not only if they suspect a contagious disease, but also immediately after purchase. The latter measure allows you to avoid the spread of possible infection to an existing herd of sheep, goats or cows. Green spaces are used to protect the territory of the complex from winds and protect it from drifts.

, stable, pigsty, cowshed, rabbitry, livestock building, farm, barn, barnyard, poultry house, apiary and so on). Cattle in Russia, previously divided into worker And commodity-productive.

Definition

Dictionaries and legislation define that farm animals include:

• livestock,
• valuable fur animals,
• rabbits,
• bird,
• bees.

Cattle (cattle), in turn - “ four-legged domestic farm animals" Dahl deciphers this concept in more detail - “ general name for domestic, farm animals: horse, cow, camel, sheep, goat, deer and others. But, as in ancient times, so to this day, for the most part, oxen and cows».

Biological classification

Farm animals are included in the general biological classification along with their wild relatives and at the same time are divided by breed.

Of the artiodactyls, not ruminants, pigs are considered livestock. Odd-hoofed livestock - horse and donkey, as well as their hybrids: mule and hinny.

List of farm animals

• Ungulates
  • Cattle
    • cows, buffalos, yaks
  • camels dromedary (one-humped) and bactrian (two-humped), llamas
• Rodents and lagomorphs
  • rabbits, nutria
• Predatory animals (small and medium)
  • sables, foxes, European minks, ferrets
• Birds
  • Galliformes
    • chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, pheasants, quails, peacocks, pigeons (meat breeds)
  • Anseriformes
    • geese, musky ducks
• Insects
  • bees, bumblebees

Scientific research and achievements

• Animal engineering
• Cloning

Selection and content

• livestock farming

Also:

• Honorik (ferret-mink hybrid)

see also

Links

Video Coccoidea

Coccids, coccids, scale insects and scale insects (lat. Coccoidea) are a superfamily of insects from the order Hemiptera (Hemiptera). Contains about 3000 species known to science. All representatives feed on plant juices and are therefore considered pests. A typical example of pest behavior is the beech felt moth (Cryptococcus fagisuga). At the same time, since ancient times, scale insects have been of great economic importance to humans, since the bright red dye carmine is extracted from them.

Watussi

The Watussi is a breed of cattle developed in Africa. Like many other breeds of cows, it comes from the primitive aurochs, which became extinct in the 17th century.

Pets

Domestic animals are animals that have been domesticated by Homo sapiens and which he keeps, providing them with shelter and food. They benefit him either as a source of material goods and services, or as companion animals that brighten up his leisure time. Most pets breed easily. By carrying out selection, a person can control their reproduction and the traits that they pass on to their offspring.

Poultry

Domestic birds are birds bred, domesticated, or kept by humans for their eggs, their meat, or their feathers. These birds generally belong to the family Galloanserae and the species Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys). Poultry also includes ducks and geese.

The domestication of poultry occurred several thousand years ago. Domestication stemmed from people raising young birds from eggs collected in the wild, but later keeping the birds permanently in captivity and engaging in artificial selection. The evolution of a bird species has often occurred over centuries, and modern breeds are often very different from their wild ancestors, although some birds have not followed this path. Most birds on the market today are raised in factories.

Along with pork, poultry is one of the two most widely consumed meats in the world, with more than 70% of meat supplies in 2012 coming from these two meats. Poultry contains beneficial nutrients, containing high amounts of protein and having a low proportion of fat. All poultry should be processed and well cooked to reduce the risk of food poisoning; This is monitored in most countries.

A 2011 study by the Arizona Research Institute found that 47% of meat and poultry sold in grocery stores in the United States were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. The researchers said that cooking the product can destroy these bacteria, but the risk of infection from improper handling of the raw product is still present afterward. In addition, there is some risk of contamination (also for poultry and egg consumers) by bacteria such as salmonella and campylobacter. Poultry products may become contaminated with these bacteria during processing or storage. They can also occur if the product is improperly prepared or processed.

The English word "poultry" comes from Middle English "pultrie", which in turn comes from Old French pouletrie. A poultry trader was called pouletier from the words poulet and pullet.

Poultry is the second most consumed type of meat in the world, with approximately 30% of total meat production worldwide being associated with poultry. Pork accounts for 38% of the world's meat production. Every year, 16 billion birds are consumed by humans, more than half of which are raised in factories and factories. The mass of duck meat processed and purchased in 2011 was about 4.2 million tons, and China produced two-thirds of the total meat - about 1.7 billion birds. The largest steel producers are the USA (20%), China (16.6%), Brazil (15.1%) and the European Union (11.3%). A significant portion of poultry meat in Asia is produced in these countries: Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (total 12%). France, with 3.5%, is the largest producer in Europe, followed by other EU countries (3%) and the United States (1.7%). Russia is in fourth place in the world.

Global egg production is projected to increase. Between 2000 and 2010, egg production grew by about 2% per year worldwide, but has since declined by 1% annually.

domestic rabbit

The domestic rabbit is a domesticated variety of the wild (European) rabbit. Domestic rabbits differ from their wild ancestors in the variety of sizes, colors, and coat structure. Dwarf rabbits can weigh less than 1 kg, individuals of large breeds of rabbits reach a weight of 10-11 kg. Man uses domestic rabbits as pets and for meat, skins and fluff.

domestic pig

The domestic pig (lat. Sus scrofa domesticus) is a large artiodactyl, a subspecies of wild boar, domesticated by humans about 7 thousand years ago (according to some studies, much earlier) and distributed mainly in Western countries, East Asia and Oceania. Feral pigs (razorbacks) are found in North America, Australia and New Zealand. The body length ranges from 0.9 to 1.8 m, an adult weighs from 50 to 150 kg. Compared to other artiodactyls, which are more often herbivorous, the domestic pig is omnivorous, like its ancestor, the wild boar.

Pigs are raised primarily for their meat. World pork production in 2005 was 97.2 million tons (according to the US Department of Agriculture).

Decorative dwarf breeds of pigs (minipigs) are popular animals for keeping at home. In France, specially trained pigs search for truffles.

domestic duck

The domestic duck (lat. Anas platyrhynchos, sometimes - Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica, Anas platyrhynchos domesticus, Anas domesticus or Anas domestica (Anas boschas domestica); male - drake, chicks - ducklings) is a waterfowl bred by humans, one of the numerous and widespread types of poultry. It flies poorly, not far away. It originates from an ordinary wild duck, or mallard. Over the long history of human domestication, various breeds of ducks have been developed. They are bred for meat, as well as eggs and fatty liver (foie gras); In addition, feathers and down are obtained from them.

Cattle

The abbreviation KRS (in Cyrillic) can mean:

Well overhaul is a set of works in the oil and gas industry designed to increase (prevent a fall) the flow rate of a well.

Cluster rocket - see Cluster munition and Missile.

Command and management staff.

A finite-difference scheme is a finite system of algebraic equations put in correspondence with some differential problem; can be used to numerically solve the corresponding differential equation.

Cattle are farm animals of the Bovine subfamily (Bovinae).

Jig boring machine. Kunlun Red Star

Kunlun RS Junior

Kunlun Red Star Heilongjiang

KRS-Oerji

Kashuevo

Kashuevo is a village in the Kuvshinovsky district of the Tver region, as part of the Bolshekuznechkovsky rural settlement.

Located 11 km northeast of the regional center of Kuvshinovo, the nearest villages are: Ulyanovo (1 km), Novo and Bolshoye Kuznechkovo, all these 3 villages are on the Kuvshinovo-Kunino highway.

The population according to the 2002 census is 11 people, 5 men, 6 women.

As of August 2010, 3 people permanently reside in the village of Kashuevo. During the summer, up to 10 vacationers from various regions of the Russian Federation come to the houses they own. Due to the constant cutting of the forest, there are large harvests of strawberries, raspberries, and nuts on the hills. Upland game includes hazel grouse, black grouse, capercaillie; from the marsh - woodcock, snipe. Crake is found everywhere, and quail is found occasionally. Almost all types of agricultural crops take root. Currently, no agricultural work is being carried out in the village, and no farm animals are raised.

Chinese oak peacock eye

The Chinese oak peacock-eye, or Chinese oak silkworm (lat. Antheraea pernyi) is a butterfly of the Peacock-eye family.

Goats

Goats, or goats, or goats and rams, or caprinae (lat. Caprinae) are a subfamily of artiodactyl mammals from the bovid family.

Domesticated members of the subfamily used as farm animals are called small cattle.

Cochineal

Cochineal, as well as the cochineal mealybug, (French cochenille, from Spanish cochinilla) is the collective name of several species of insects from the order Hemiptera, from the females of which the substance used to obtain the red dye - carmine - is extracted.

The female cochineal in its youth sticks to the plant with its proboscis, sucks the juice and never moves; Here she is fertilized and lays eggs.

Cattle

Cattle are farm animals of the Bovine subfamily (Bovinae).

The main purpose of cattle is to produce meat and milk, provide hides and sometimes wool, and draw power. At the beginning of the 2010s, there were about 1.3-1.4 billion heads of cattle in the world.

Mexican cochineal

Mexican cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) is a species of insect of the genus Dactylopius from the family Dactylopiidae. A substance used to produce a red dye, carmine, is extracted from the females.

The length of males is 2-4 millimeters, females 10-12 millimeters. The female Mexican cochineal in its youth sticks to the plant with its proboscis, sucks the juice and never moves; Here she is fertilized and lays eggs.

It lives on cacti of the prickly pear genus and is most widespread.

Small cattle

Small ruminants (MRC) are agricultural animals of the Goat subfamily (Caprinae), the main purpose of which is the production of meat, milk, skins, etc. Representatives of small ruminants include sheep, goats, etc.

Cows live on a dairy farm in a barn, usually divided into small spaces called stalls. In summer they eat fresh grass, hay, and food plants, and in winter they eat mostly hay. On farms, cows are milked by hand, while on farms they use milking machines that transfer the milk through long tubes to a cooling tank. It is then sent to factories for processing and packaging. Bulls once helped the peasant in field work. Nowadays, if bulls are not slaughtered for meat when they are young, they become breeding bulls and are used to reproduce livestock.

Goats and sheep

Goats are bred not only for milk. The wool of some breeds is especially durable, and beautiful warm lace scarves are knitted from fluff. Sheep are bred mainly for wool, which is the best raw material for the production of fabrics, knitwear, carpets and everyone's favorite sheepskin coats. In the spring, sheep are shorn, and by winter the wool grows back and serves as protection from the cold. Goats and sheep live in closed pens - they are called sheepfolds. Sheep and goats are grazed from early spring to late autumn. Goats are one of the few animals that manage to find food in dry areas. They even eat plant roots. The peasants know this very well and do not allow them near their gardens.

Domestic bird

An indispensable part of a peasant farm is a poultry yard, where chickens, ducks, geese live, as well as the largest poultry - turkeys, whose weight can reach 12-16 kg. Ducks and geese need a body of water to swim in. Birds are bred not only for their eggs, but also for their meat - tender, tasty and rich in nutrients.

Geese and ducks

Ducks have webbed feet and their feathers are covered with a layer of fat that keeps them from getting wet when the birds swim. They eat small aquatic animals, worms and snails. In contrast, geese are mainly herbivores. Feather beds and pillows are stuffed with soft down, and warm winter down jackets are made from it. In some countries, such as France and Belgium, these birds are treated very cruelly. It is customary there to feed geese so that their livers painfully enlarge. A delicious pate - foie gras - is prepared from it.

How geese saved Rome. There was a time when geese were sacrificed and revered as a sacred bird. This was connected with the legend about how geese saved Rome. A long time ago, the geese dozing on the walls of Ancient Rome, hearing the approach of the enemy, began to make noise, raised its defenders and thereby saved the city from capture.

In the 16th century, German peasants chose the goose as a symbol of their uprising. This bird, if attacked, never lets down its offenders and is able to defend itself even from predatory eagles, the images of which adorned the coats of arms of barons oppressing peasants.

Roosters and hens

Roosters and hens live in a chicken coop. On a peasant farm, during the day, birds roam freely around the yard, rummaging in the ground and looking for grains, worms and insects. The meat of chickens that live this way is very tasty and highly valued. In large poultry farms, chickens are fed food specially designed for them. These birds gain weight much faster. Some chicken breeds are raised for meat, others for eggs. The eggs are collected, sorted by weight and sent for sale.

Wild ancestors of chickens

Domestic chickens are descended from wild bank chickens, which live mainly in forests and bushes. For centuries, poultry farmers have selected the healthiest birds that produce the most meat and eggs.

Horse

The domestication of the horse began about 6,000 years ago. Before the era of trains and automobiles, horses were the most common means of transportation. These animals are very smart and train well. Not a single peasant farm could manage without them: they helped cultivate the land and transported goods. There are three main types of domestic horses - draft horses, light riding horses and ponies. In some countries, heavy trucks still pull plows and carry loads. Racehorses participate in sports competitions: horse racing, racing, polo, rodeo. Riding horses with riders overcome difficult places. Ponies are small horses. The height of an adult pony does not exceed 120 cm. They can often be seen in parks, harnessed to light pleasure carriages and children's carriages.

Ancient horses

The ancestors of horses were Hyracotherium. These agile animals, reaching only 60 cm in height, lived in the forests of North America approximately 55 million years ago. Over the course of evolution, horses became larger and adapted to life in open spaces.

Horses at war

Even in the Ancient world, horse-drawn war chariots appeared on the battlefields. The main military force in the Middle Ages were armored knights riding war horses. The Russian cavalry was famous for its special skill, winning more than one battle.

Donkey

The donkey as a pet is mentioned in the Bible: Jesus Christ rode into Jerusalem on a donkey. Since time immemorial, domestic donkeys, or donkeys, have been the main assistants in the household. They are not afraid of heat, cold, or hard work, and are indispensable when transporting goods along narrow streets or steep mountain paths.

Pig

Pigs are omnivores. On peasant farms, pigs are bred on free grazing: they feed on garbage, roots and worms. On pig farms they are fed a special mixture: it ensures maximum weight gain.

On peasant farms, rabbits usually live in enclosures where there is room for movement. They are bred for their meat and skins. In summer, rabbits eat grass; in winter, they eat food supplemented with cabbage and root vegetables. Female rabbits are very fertile: from 2 to 12 babies are born to them at a time. Wild rabbits and their relatives, hares, live in the wild. They are larger than rabbits, and their ears and legs are longer. Hares are a desirable prey for hunters and large predators.

Bees

In nature, honey bees make nests in the cavities of stumps, hollows or among stones. Beekeepers install hives in apiaries - wooden boxes with frames on which sheets of artificial wax are attached. Bees use this wax to build hexagonal honeycombs. Throughout the summer, bees collect pollen and nectar from flowers to produce honey, which all members of the bee colony will feed on in the winter. When the hive is filled with honey, the beekeeper in a protective mask and overalls cleans it: he collects the honey in a can. Before opening the hive, he fumigates it with smoke. The thick, cool smoke calms the bees and makes them less dangerous.

The type of honey depends on the flowers of which plants the bees collect nectar from. Honey can be flower, buckwheat, linden. There are also rarer varieties, for example chestnut with a characteristic bitter taste. What types of honey do you know?

Wild relatives and ancestors

The domestication of animals began in ancient times. When taming animals, man first of all paid attention to their “useful” traits and crossed different individuals in order to obtain offspring with traits that best suited his needs. So, a wild chicken lays 15 eggs a year, and among domestic chickens there are about 300 eggs. Modern domestic animals are not like their wild ancestors. Goats, for example, have shortened their horns over time, and cows and bulls have greatly decreased in size. The disposition of the animals also changed: gradually they became calmer and got used to people. The ancestors of some domestic animals still live in the wild, while others have become extinct.

Existing today: boar

Lives in a variety of places - from coniferous taiga to tropical forests and deserts. The body is covered with elastic bristles. Digging is a typical way for wild boars to obtain food. The animal is omnivorous, but prefers tubers, roots and fruits.

This is the wild ancestor of the pig.

mouflon

A very shy herbivore. Mouflons live on mountain slopes, reaching heights of up to 5000 m. The mouflon's coat is short and smooth. Adult males grow long, twisted horns.

This is the wild ancestor of sheep.

Extinct: wild horse

Modern horse breeds are descended from wild horses. Now only one of their ancestors has survived - the Przewalski's horse. Wild horses are very similar to domestic ones, but are smaller in size.

This is the wild ancestor of the horse.

Tour

Wild aurochs were found in Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia. Turs were much larger than cows and bulls and had long horns. The last female aurochs died in 1627.

This is the wild ancestor of cows.

Livestock (the same in singular and plural) - domesticated animals, are intentionally kept in agriculture for various products such as food or fiber, or for the purpose of being used for work. The term does not at all unite in its meaning poultry, fish and sea animals. Livestock can be kept both for subsistence and for sale. Raising animals - Animal husbandry is an important component of modern agriculture. It has been practiced by many societies throughout history, beginning with the transition from hunting and gathering to growing plants and raising livestock.

Livestock farming, a branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding and use of farm animals . It provides people with food (milk, butter, cheese, about 60% of the proteins that people consume are animal products), provides raw materials for the light (wool) and food, as well as pharmaceutical industries, draft power (horse, bull), basic organic fertilizer - manure. Livestock products are easy to sell, and under normal circumstances they were often the basis of the budget of the Ukrainian peasant. Livestock farming is divided (in Ukraine) into cattle breeding (breeding and use of cattle), sheep breeding, horse breeding, goat breeding, rabbit breeding; Animal husbandry also includes beekeeping and sericulture.

On Ukrainian lands, animal husbandry has been known since the Neolithic, when cattle, sheep, pigs and goats were cherished, in particular by the bearers of the Trypillian culture; horse breeding has been widespread since the Bronze Age (especially among the steppe peoples, formerly the Scythians). Livestock breeding was significantly developed in the princely era, and horse breeding was also developed for military purposes. From the 15th century, there was a known export to the West, and later to Moscow; oxen and sheep were exported from the Left Bank beyond the Hetmanate; However, all the time, livestock farming primarily satisfied the needs of the local population. Only from the end of the 18th century did livestock farming in Southern Ukraine gain market character: the export of wool and oxen. But after the transformation of the steppes into arable land, sheep breeding decreased due to the lack of food supply, and horses, which were well provided for plowing heavy virgin soil, were replaced.

Livestock complex- one of the most important structured, balanced and economically developed. It covers a set of entire branches of agricultural production, food and processing industries involved in the production and processing of livestock products. It represents a large complex of industries producing highly nutritious, high-calorie and dietary food products (meat, milk, eggs) and valuable raw materials (wool, leather, furs and other types of products). So, the development of livestock farming is one of the decisive conditions for increasing the material and cultural standard of living of the people.
The industrial link of the complex is made up of various branches of the food and processing industry, which, in conjunction with livestock sectors, form a specialized livestock-products complex.
Basically, the placement and specialization of livestock farming is determined by the needs of the population, as well as the transportability of products. At the same time, certain branches of livestock farming are tied to the meat, meat and dairy, sugar, alcohol, starch and syrup industries.

The industrial meat complex is one of the most powerful specialized complexes, the formation of which is due to the presence of a large number of productive livestock and poultry intended for slaughter, the high level of development of the meat processing industry, auxiliary and service industries. In the structure of the nominal number of productive livestock, cattle predominate, with a significantly smaller proportion of pigs, sheep, and poultry.

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Types of farm animals

pig

sheep

domestic goose

chicken