What is included in utilities? Rules for the provision of public services. What is included in housing and communal services: types and list of housing and communal services

They discuss all the nuances of making payments by residents and organizations for the provision of housing and communal services to the population.

To be able to fully use all provided housing and communal services and to avoid controversial situations, the tenant must know their types. What is included in housing and communal services and what services we pay for will be discussed in the article.

What is included in housing and communal services?

The supply of the house with the necessary resources is carried out by companies (partnerships) that have licenses for this.

Housing and communal services - what is included in the maintenance of housing and what is it?

The complete list of communal benefits is as follows:

Cold water supply. The main requirements for cold water are safety from pathogens and unacceptable chemical impurities. Water supply (both cold and hot) must be constant; a break of more than 8 hours per month is unacceptable, and in case of emergency - more than 24 hours.
Hot water supply. In addition to the above requirements, there are also temperature standards - from 65 to 75 degrees Celsius () with slight possible deviations.
Water disposal (sewage). Housing must have a wastewater disposal system. Water supply and sanitation are regulated by Federal Law No. 416 of 12/07/11 “On water supply and sanitation”.
Heat supply. This type of service is determined by the air temperature in the apartment or other room. It should not fall below +18 degrees (+15 for entrances) for ordinary rooms and +20 for corner rooms. The permissible shutdown time (during the heating season) is 24 hours per month. Legal basis - Federal Law No. 190 of July 27, 2010 “On Heat Supply”.
Gasification. Household gas is not connected to all houses and apartments, but if the housing is connected to a unified system, then its payment is included in utilities, according to Federal Law No. 69 of 03.03.99 “On gas supply in the Russian Federation.”
Electricity. Power outages should not last more than 2 hours for two sources and 24 hours for one source.
Lighting of common areas.

List of municipal utilities and their features

Another type of provided functions in the housing sector is municipal services in the housing and communal services sector.

Such services are not associated with individual apartments or houses, but also ensure a comfortable existence for the owners or homeowners.

Main types of housing and communal services:

housing maintenance, repair responsibilities. The purpose of the function is to maintain the serviceability of the premises (legal support - and Government Decree No. 491 dated 13.08.06);
major, unscheduled and current repairs;
garbage removal - waste, garbage chute, etc.;
other provided and paid services. For example, housing and communal services provide cleaning of entrances, elevators and local areas, 24-hour security and guarded parking, concierge, food delivery, help desk and much more.
Such services do not have to be present in every home, but if they are, then payment is made according to established tariffs (usually all municipal benefits are calculated based on living space).

Utilities and rent

Rent is fixed in law and an exhaustive list of payments included in it is indicated in Article 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
According to it, the owner (owner, tenant, if provided for in the contract) is obliged, on general terms, to pay for the list of housing and communal services included in the rent:

appropriate fees for the maintenance and repair of residential premises, common property of an apartment building;
payment according to tariffs for provided and used utility and municipal services (the list of housing and communal services is above).

You can pay your bill at Russian Post offices, via the Internet, by bank transfer, or in electronic terminals that have such functionality. The rent amount is formed separately for each item on the basis of agreements with the company (companies) providing the services.

Operation of property and maintenance of housing

What are operational services in housing and communal services?

The list of housing and communal services may also include paid operating services.

They are provided to persons living in residential premises, and payments are made for them.

The exploited property for the use of which the tariff price is determined includes:

landline telephone service;
television, Internet;
common household property that requires maintenance;
intercom;
security post and much more.

It should be noted that operational housing and communal services are paid only if they are available and used by residents, for example, if there is no intercom, no one has the right to demand money for it.

List of services of the housing and communal services management company for the maintenance of housing services:

All disputes, inconsistencies and problems with low-quality housing and communal services, contracts in the field of housing and communal services are resolved exclusively on a legal level. Lawyers provide services in the following matters:

illegal growth of tariffs, especially provided that the quality of services does not change;
deterioration of living conditions;
shutdowns of utilities for periods exceeding those established by law, as well as non-compliance with standards (for example, hot water of insufficient temperature);
failure of either party to fulfill its obligations, or illegal excess of rights (infringement of the rights of others);
any structures or systems in the apartment or house are malfunctioning;
inaction of authorized persons and organizations.

Additional and imposed

In addition to the mandatory paid utilities, municipal and other services, there are additional new paid housing and communal services options that are not included in the maintenance of the house.

The most common of them are additional security systems, such as video surveillance, security, alarms, etc.

Many unscrupulous companies charge improper fees for various services. The most common illegal payments are:

Additional services of the housing and communal services management company not included in the contract.
Mandatory services included in the contract, if a separate fee is charged for them above the norm.
Fees for the activities of the organization (remunerations, commissions, etc.).

According to Article 16 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights, the contractor does not have the right to impose his paid services not provided for in the contract.

If the rights of residents are violated, they can resolve the dispute out of court, through a complaint, or contact the housing inspectorate, the prosecutor's office or the court.

It is important for every owner (owner, tenant) of housing to know the list of payments that are mandatory and payments that are imposed illegally.

A citizen has the right to protect his rights in any legal way and protect himself from illegal actions of service companies providing services in the housing and communal services sector.

Housing and communal services– these are services provided by management companies to ensure comfortable living and maintain the housing stock in good technical condition. What is included in utilities and how to save on them will be discussed below.

What services should be provided

Management companies are required to provide utility services, payment for which is made both from the number of registered people and according to meter readings. Many people are interested in the question of what applies to public services. Russian legislation regulates the provision of housing and communal services (HCS). The list of utilities should include:

Drinking cold water. Cold water is supplied to residents of apartment buildings around the clock through a central or intra-house water supply system. Compliance with all Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision parameters, the required quality and volume - these are the basic requirements for cold water. If there is no water supply system, the supply is made to the water supply on the street.
Hot water supplied around the clock through a centralized or local supply system to meet the needs of residents.
Drainage. Drainage is carried out around the clock via centralized networks or in-house systems. Sewerage must be located in all apartment buildings.
Electricity supply. Electricity of adequate quality is supplied around the clock to consumers’ apartments via a centralized power supply network.
Gas supply. Gas is supplied to apartments around the clock via centralized gas supply networks. Gas supply also includes the provision of gas cylinders.
Heating. Hot heating is supplied during the cold season, providing residents with warmth. It is also necessary to heat common areas to maintain optimal temperatures.

Other services, such as waste removal, repairs and maintenance of housing, are classified as housing services. Various organizations can provide all housing and communal services:

(HOA);
Housing or housing construction cooperatives;

ODPU fee

Today, payment is mainly carried out according to the standards of management companies. The best option would be to pay for the actual volume provided. For this purpose, metering devices are installed in all apartments today. Residents transmit data to the management company, which calculates the readings and presents an invoice in the form of an EPD.

By law, apartment buildings must have communal metering devices installed to help accurately determine resource consumption.

Today, the MTPL fee is calculated as follows:

The readings of individual metering devices in each apartment are taken into account, and housing and communal services are calculated based on them;
Part of the ODPU data is added to the readings for a separate apartment and added to the EPD.

This is how utilities are paid.

Payment procedure for communal housing and utility services

The 2012 rules for the provision of utility services made it possible to calculate heating standards in a new way. Previously, you had to pay for the entire home area; today, heating common areas is not included in housing and communal services costs. There is also no need to pay for general sewerage. Firm standards have been established for the consumption of total hot and cold water - 90 liters per person every month.

Management companies are aimed at saving common housing and utility services. If the limited standard is exceeded, then the difference is paid by the management organization, not the residents. The exception is HOAs, where the owners themselves decide to pay the difference. If housing and communal services are provided by a resource supplier, then the excess is divided between consumers taking into account the occupied square meters.

Failure to provide utilities

If utility services turn out to be improper, for example, they do not burn, then the consumer can draw up a report about this. Residents must record a violation of their rights. To do this, the tenant, two neighbors and the chairman of the house council draw up a statement describing the violations. Failure to provide housing and communal services is considered from the date of signing the document.

If DEZ does not clean the territory or repair entrances for a long time, then the following must be done:

Write a collective complaint of all consumers to the management organization. Demand that the problems that have arisen be resolved by the management company within a certain period.
Apply in person to the management organization. It should indicate all the shortcomings of the work and demand that they be corrected and that those responsible be held accountable for this.
If these steps do not affect the DEZ, then it is necessary to go to court.

Contract for the provision of utility services

The management organization provides utility and housing services under a written agreement in accordance with the new Rules. DEZ or another management company concludes it in the case of providing services to a tenant. The Rules specify the terms for the provision and requirements for payment of utility services.

Any consumer has the right to receive housing and communal services that ensure the convenience of living in the house and control its technical condition. For tenants and tenants of housing, a lease or rental agreement must be drawn up. In the absence of a written agreement, the tenant may be denied utility services.

Obligations of companies providing housing and communal services

The cost items of housing and communal services management companies also include expenses that they must fulfill. Every consumer must know what he ultimately pays for and what relates to housing services. Organizations providing housing and communal services must:

Maintain the temperature in hallways and apartments at the proper level.
Monitor the presence of lighting in entrances and local areas.
Clean the local area, remove garbage, comply with the requirements of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.
Monitor compliance with fire safety standards.
Monitor the technical condition of basements, attics and roofs.
Perform all necessary seasonal work.
Spend money to maintain common property in proper condition.
Monitor the condition of common areas.

The rental agreement may also contain additional clauses that are added individually at the request of consumers. You can find out what may be included in utility bills, and which housing and utility services the management company is required to provide, by contacting the DEZ. This is required when doubts arise about the proper operation of housing and communal services organizations, as well as in case of improper performance of their duties by management structures.

How to reduce your utility bill

Tariffs for housing and communal services are constantly increasing, so many consumers are looking for ways to reduce the composition of utilities in order to make expenses lower. This can be done by submitting an application to your management company to waive some housing and communal services. It is impossible to refuse all of them, since heating, for example, is supplied through a common system, and it is almost impossible to turn it off in a separate apartment. You can disable the following utilities:

If residents do not use a television antenna, then it is worth contacting the service organization and asking them to disconnect the cable. This will reduce the cost of the EPD.
Today, few people use a radio point, so you can refuse this type of housing and communal services in the DEZ.

If housing and communal services are not provided, it is necessary.

To pay for received housing and communal services, it is necessary to install individual metering devices. Every month you need to transfer the data taken from them to the management company. Those who do not have such devices pay higher standards. If they refuse to install them, residents and tenants overpay by more than 50%. Therefore, installing meters will help track resource consumption and reduce utility bills.

Refusal of unnecessary utilities is regulated Law “On Protection of Consumer Rights”.

Utilities have become a part of people's daily lives. It is difficult to imagine even a day of life without the usual electricity, hot and cold tap water and heating in winter.

providing housing with water;
provision of electricity;
gas supply;
elevator maintenance (if the building has them)
heating provision.

Various specialized organizations provide certain types of services.

Typically, contracts with suppliers are concluded apartment building management companies.

However, certain services (for example, gas supply) are connected directly under an agreement between the homeowner and the service provider.

Who can provide public services to citizens:

housing cooperatives;
specialized companies that can provide this type of service.

Utility providers sell them, and therefore for them there is a monthly fee. The rules for calculating services will be discussed below.

Rules for providing services to owners

These rules are developed on the basis of legislation in this area. defined for each service provided.

Each of the services is provided according to the contract, concluded between the one who provides the service and the one who receives it.

The service agreement is concluded for an indefinite period. It can be changed or terminated on the basis of the relevant legislative clauses of the Rules.

The contract must be agreed upon with regional control services.

The consumer can legally protest his rights if he does not agree with something in the text of the contract.

The mode under which services are provided must necessarily comply with legislative standards and be confirmed by technical documents.

For example:

For heating, sanitary standards must be such that they determine the temperature in the rooms established by the contract during the entire period for which the service is provided.
Electricity must be supplied according to standard around the clock. Wastewater must be removed continuously and efficiently and cold water must be supplied.
The pressure of the supplied gas must meet the standard parameters specified in the contract throughout the year.
The service provider is also obliged to ensure the safety of using elevators if they are installed in the house.
The organization responsible for waste disposal must ensure its complete removal, creating sanitary and epidemiological safety.

Possible deviations from the service regime established by the contract must be specified in the signed contract.

Calculation of utility tariffs

A tariff is the cost of a utility resource supplied to a home (for example, the price 1 m3 of gas or cost 1 kW/h electricity).

Tariffs for services are determined by the municipal service or regional committee, which calculates the cost of utility bills. The same service installs .

The standard is average resource consumption, corresponding to the degree of improvement of the apartment or house.

Tariffs are set based on the cost of supplying resources, i.e. depends on the costs borne by their supplier.

This includes costs for:

construction, uninterrupted operation of all utility networks;
fuel and raw materials;
purchase of electricity and heat;
wages for supplier employees.

Each region has its own utility tariffs. This depends on various factors:

duration of the cold period,
temperatures in cold weather,
remoteness from sources of electricity, fuel and gas.

Calculation of resource consumption volume

If an apartment or house has meters for water, gas and electricity, they are paid according to the meters.

If there are none, there are special standards for the supplied resource per person.

Heating is in a special place. According to the decree of June 1, 2013, the payment for the provision of heating is not divided into 2 periods. According to the new rules heating fees are distributed evenly throughout the year and without dividing the payment for its consumption for the needs of residential premises and for general house needs.

But the amount of payment and heating standards, as before, are determined based on the duration of the cold period in the region.

What is the payment procedure for the resources provided?

. Now this is not a problem and you can do this, for example, through:

bank, by personally visiting the utility payment window;
the bank, writing an application to deduct payment from income passing through the bank account;
terminal, for example, the terminal of Sberbank of Russia;
Internet.

Many banks provide the opportunity to pay for utilities via the Internet 24/7.

Recalculation of service fees

Recalculation of payments for consumed utility services is possible in the cases specified in the Regulations on the procedure for recalculation.

Recalculation is possible if a person leaves for a long time and does not have water and gas meters. But such recalculation is done in cases where a person warns about leaving in advance.

There is no recalculation of elevator maintenance and rent.

If the fact of the citizen’s return during the period indicated by him as the period of absence is established, the fee for services is charged in full.

Suspension and restriction of the supply of individual resources

Limiting a utility service is a reduction in the quantity supplied to the consumer.

Suspension of the service or its limitation does not mean that the contract is terminated.

Without notification, this situation is possible when:

an emergency or threat of an emergency has occurred,
repair work is carried out in utility networks to avoid emergency situations or repair and restoration work after an accident.

Services may also be suspended in case of unfounded debts to pay them.

If a citizen cannot pay for “utilities” for a good reason, he. In this case, services are only limited for the period of registration of the right to a subsidy.

Where to go if you are overcharged?

If you think that your tariffs are too high, you can check this by contacting the regional tariff control service or the housing and communal services department. You can also contact the prosecutor's office if the regulatory agencies did not help you.

Resources whose supply paid by meters, in the quantities they show, proof that you used the service in the quantities indicated. As a rule, there are no disputes here.

If there is no counter, controversial situations often arise. But payments can be recalculated if there is documentary evidence.

It is illegal, for example, to include the area of a loggia or balcony in the heating calculation.

Video: Innovations in charging for utility services

The video talks about the new rules for calculating payments for housing and communal services in 2017:

Thanks to public services, citizens can receive comfortable living conditions. Their list must be reflected in the agreement between residents and the housing and communal services, HOA or other body. But not every one of us has a copy of the contract at home, so the question arises: What is included in this list of services and what do you need to pay for? Now we will try to consider it in detail and find the answer.

What is rent

Rent is the amount paid monthly by the owner of the property for utilities provided to him.

It is binding and cannot be challenged. It also includes any repair work, building maintenance, and so on. Now you need to figure out what the rent is paid for.

What is included in the rent in Russia, list of housing and communal services

We obtain the necessary resources from organizations that have the appropriate licenses. The main list of housing and communal services consists of :

Cold water supply. The water supplied must be clean and free of germs or any chemical impurities. It should be available around the clock. The maximum permissible break is up to 8 hours per month and no more than 24 hours in case of an accident.
Hot water supply. Not everyone gets this anymore. This water, in addition to the above requirements, must have a temperature from 65 degrees Celsius to 75 degrees. Small deviations from the norm are allowed.
Sewerage. Housing must have a wastewater disposal system.
Heating. In this case, the main factor is the air temperature in the apartment. It should be at least +18 degrees in the room and at least +15 at the entrance. During the heating season, heating may be turned off for no more than 24 hours per month.
Gas supply. Not all houses are connected to domestic gas. But if housing is connected, then it is paid along with other utilities.
Electricity. Interruptions in the supply of electricity lasting 2 hours for two sources and 24 hours for one are allowed.

List of municipal utilities and their characteristic features

These services do not apply to any individual apartments or private houses, but create comfortable conditions for the owners or owners of residential premises, and they are included in the rent.

Here is a list of these services:

Repair, maintenance of housing. The main purpose of this function is to maintain the premises in good condition.
Major renovation.
Garbage removal.
Other services. These include cleaning of entrances, elevators, areas around the house, 24-hour security, secure parking, grocery delivery, and so on.

Important! These services are not mandatory, but if present, they must be paid at established rates.

Operational services in housing and communal services

These services include:

Telephone and landline communications.
Internet and television.
Intercom.
Security and stuff.

Note! Such services are paid only if they are available and used by residents.

Obligations of management companies and housing and communal services

All obligations listed in the contract must be fulfilled by the company so that the contract is not terminated and penalties are applied to the HOA.

The main point of the contract, which must be implemented, is repair work.

They are obliged to provide two types:

Current work;
Major renovation.

It may be that the house does not need repairs or that the residents want to demolish the poor-quality building. All these points must be reflected in the contract.

Organizational activities include:

Control over the supply of all necessary services from authorized organizations.
Accepting payments for services provided. Ensuring that payments are received on time.
Ensuring safe conditions for residents to use the house, as well as when carrying out repair work.
Consideration of complaints from residents.

Additional services

There are also additional paid services that are not included in the maintenance of the house. These may include: security, alarm systems, CCTV cameras. Some companies require illegal fees for various types of services:

Services that are not included in the contract.
Additional fees are charged for services included in the contract.
Collection of mandatory donations for the activities of the organization.

How are utility bills calculated?

This is not as difficult to do as it seems.

The calculation will depend on whether you deign to install metering devices, for example, a water or gas meter.

Meter readings are taken and multiplied by the current tariff at the moment and that’s it. If there are none, the number of people living in the apartment is taken and multiplied by the consumption standard, and then the resulting value is multiplied by the tariff.

If there are meters

To make it clearer, let's look at an example. Let's say you have a separate water meter installed. Then the calculations are made as follows:

You need to take readings from the device and determine how much water was consumed this month.
Now you need to find out the water tariff. Let it be 29 rubles/m3.
The last step is to multiply the amount of water consumed by the tariff, and the amount to be paid is obtained.

Standards per person

If the counter is not installed:

Let's say there are 2 people in a family. You need to multiply two by the required standard, for example, it corresponds to 10 m3 per person, then 2 is multiplied by 10 and the result is 20.
Now the resulting number (20) should be multiplied by the tariff, that is, 20 * 29 (tariff) = 580 rubles.

Other utility bills are calculated using the same analogy.

No one is registered, what then

This may disappoint some people, but you still need to pay, and failure to pay can result in a fine. If meters are not installed, the calculation will take place according to the norms for one person, and it does not matter whether he lives in the apartment or not. In this case, counters can help. If they are installed and according to their indications no one has used the resources, then you do not need to pay, but it should be taken into account that not all types of services have meters installed. Hence the conclusion: it is impossible to completely free yourself from paying utility bills.

Important! If someone else lives in the apartment instead of the owner, utilities must still be paid.

In a communal apartment

In such an apartment, utility bills are paid based on agreements between residents. However, it happens that they are not achieved, in which case payment is made in accordance with the Housing Code.

Sometimes homeowners agree to pay for services in proportion to the living space they occupy or the number of people living on it.

It happens that homeowners install individual metering devices and the personal account for payment of services is divided.

Then payment will be made based on an individual metering device, as well as for the use of common property.

To avoid controversial situations, residents enter into an agreement that determines the procedure for using the common property.

Situations may arise when residents are unable to agree on payments, then:

Heating must be paid in proportion to the share of the total area of the apartment;
You should pay for water based on the number of people living in the apartment;
They pay for light based on the number of installed lighting devices and their power.

If residents of a communal apartment have serious disputes regarding payment for utility services, they can be resolved through court. It is also worth contacting them when one of the residents refuses to pay utility bills on time, and organizations demand that all residents of the apartment pay off their debts.

Conclusion

Now you know what the rent consists of and why it needs to be paid, and we also figured out how to pay for utilities. Using all the above tips and recommendations, you should not have any problems with this. Learning how to calculate utility bills is very simple. You just need to take meter readings, calculate the amount of resource spent for a given month and multiply by the tariff.