QUESTION 7. From what sources are environmental funds formed?

Environmental funds are formed from funds received from enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens, as well as foreign legal entities and individuals, including:

fees for emissions, discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal and other types of pollution;

amounts received from claims for damages and fines for environmental violations;

funds from the sale of confiscated hunting and fishing gear and products obtained with their help;

received in the form of dividends, interest on deposits, bank deposits, from the shared use of the fund’s own funds in the activities of enterprises and other legal entities;

foreign currency earnings from foreign legal entities and individuals.

QUESTION 8. What are the conditions for conducting a public environmental review?

Article 19. Rights of citizens and public organizations (associations) in the field of environmental assessment

Citizens and public organizations (associations) in the field of environmental assessment have the right:

put forward proposals to conduct, in accordance with this Federal Law, a public environmental assessment of economic and other activities, the implementation of which affects the environmental interests of the population living in a given territory;

submit in writing to the federal executive body and its territorial bodies in the field of environmental assessment reasoned proposals on the environmental aspects of the planned economic and other activities;

receive from the federal executive body and its territorial bodies in the field of environmental assessment, organizing the state environmental assessment of specific objects of environmental assessment, information on the results of its implementation;

carry out other actions in the field of environmental assessment that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.

When preparing the conclusion of the state environmental assessment by the expert commission of the state environmental assessment and when making a decision on the implementation of the object of the state environmental assessment, materials sent to the expert commission of the state environmental assessment and reflecting public opinion should be considered.

Article 20. Public environmental review

Public environmental assessment is organized and carried out on the initiative of citizens and public organizations (associations), as well as on the initiative of local government bodies by public organizations (associations), the main activity of which, in accordance with their charters, is the protection of the natural environment, including the organization and conduct environmental impact assessment, and which are registered in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 21. Objects of public environmental review

A public environmental assessment may be carried out in relation to the objects specified in Articles 11 and 12 of this Federal Law, with the exception of objects of environmental assessment, information about which constitutes a state, commercial and (or) other secret protected by law.

Article 22. Conducting a public environmental assessment

The public environmental assessment is carried out before the state environmental assessment or simultaneously with it.

Public environmental impact assessment can be carried out independently of the state environmental impact assessment of the same objects of environmental impact assessment.

Public organizations (associations) carrying out public environmental assessments in the manner established by this Federal Law have the right:

receive from the customer documentation subject to environmental impact assessment in the amount established in paragraph 1 of Article 14 of this Federal Law;

get acquainted with the regulatory and technical documentation establishing the requirements for conducting state environmental impact assessment;

participate as observers through their representatives in meetings of expert commissions of the state environmental assessment and participate in their discussion of the conclusions of the public environmental assessment.

Experts involved in conducting a public environmental assessment, when carrying out an environmental assessment, are subject to the requirements provided for in paragraph 2 and paragraphs two, three, five, seven of paragraph 5 of Article 16 of this Federal Law.

Article 23. Conditions for conducting a public environmental review

Public environmental assessment is carried out subject to state registration of the application of public organizations (associations) to conduct it.

If there are applications for a public environmental assessment of one object of environmental assessment from two or more public organizations (associations), it is allowed to create a single expert commission.

The local government body, within seven days from the date of filing an application for a public environmental assessment, is obliged to register it or refuse to register it. An application for a public environmental assessment, the registration of which was not refused within the specified period, is considered registered.

The application of public organizations (associations) to conduct a public environmental assessment must contain the name, legal address, the nature of the activities provided for by the charter, information about the composition of the expert commission of the public environmental assessment, information about the object of the public environmental assessment, and the timing of the public environmental assessment.

Public organizations (associations) organizing public environmental assessments are required to notify the population of the beginning and results of its conduct.

Article 24. Refusal of state registration of an application for a public environmental assessment

the charter of a public organization (association) organizing and conducting a public environmental assessment does not comply with the requirements of Article 20 of this Federal Law;

the requirements for the content of the application for a public environmental assessment, provided for in Article 23 of this Federal Law, have not been met.

The list of grounds for refusal of state registration of an application for a public environmental assessment given in paragraph 1 of this article is exhaustive.

Article 25. Conclusion of public environmental review

The conclusion of the public environmental impact assessment is sent to the federal executive body in the field of environmental impact assessment, carrying out the state environmental impact assessment, the customer of documentation subject to public environmental impact assessment, the bodies making decisions on the implementation of environmental impact assessment objects, local government bodies and can be transferred to other interested parties.

The conclusion of a public environmental impact assessment acquires legal force after its approval by the federal executive body in the field of environmental impact assessment.

In the event that the conclusion of a public environmental assessment is given legal force, the requirements of Articles 30 - 34 of this Federal Law apply to the head and members of the expert commission of the public environmental assessment.

The conclusions of the public environmental impact assessment may be published in the media, transferred to local governments, state environmental impact assessment bodies, customers of documentation subject to public environmental impact assessment, and other interested parties.

Fig 7

Structurally, this can be shown in the form of a block diagram (Fig. 8).

Naturally, experts hired to conduct a public environmental review must meet the same standards as state review experts.

Public environmental assessment is carried out subject to state registration of the application of public organizations (associations) to conduct it. Registration is carried out by the local government body. Registration must be carried out within seven days from the date of submission of the application; the application is required to register or refuse to register it. If registration was not refused, then the application is considered registered and the organization of the examination can begin.

The application of public organizations (associations) to conduct a public environmental assessment must include:

name, legal address;

the nature of the activity provided for by the charter, with a mandatory note that environmental impact assessment is included in the scope of activity;

information on the composition of the expert commission of public environmental assessment;

information about the object of public environmental assessment;

timing of the public environmental assessment.

According to the law, the conclusion of the public examination acquires legal force (i.e., the conclusion about the possibility or impossibility of implementing the object of the examination becomes mandatory) if it is approved by specially authorized state bodies in the field of environmental assessment.

Naturally, public organizations (associations) organizing public environmental assessments are obliged to notify the population about the beginning and results of its conduct.

State registration of an application for a public environmental assessment may be denied if:

public environmental impact assessment was previously carried out twice in relation to the object of public environmental impact assessment;

a public environmental assessment was carried out in relation to an object, information about which constitutes a state, commercial and other secret protected by law;

the procedure for state registration of a public organization (association) does not comply with the established procedure;

The charter of the public organization (association) that organizes and conducts public environmental assessments does not indicate that its activities include environmental protection, including conducting environmental assessments.

Officials of local government bodies are responsible for illegal refusal of state registration of an application for a public environmental assessment.

The conclusion of the public environmental impact assessment is sent to specially authorized state bodies in the field of environmental impact assessment, the customer of the documentation, bodies making decisions on the implementation of environmental impact assessment objects, local government bodies and can be transferred to other interested parties. It acquires legal force after its approval by a specially authorized state body in the field of environmental assessment. In this case, the requirements of Articles 30 - 34 of the Federal Law “On Environmental Expertise” apply to the head and members of the expert commission of public environmental impact assessment. For the purpose of more complete information to the public, the “Conclusion of the Public Environmental Expertise” may be published in the media or transferred to local governments, state environmental expertise bodies, customers of documentation, the investor financing the project and other interested parties (for example, any bodies whose licenses or permits necessary for the implementation of the object).

Annotation: An important element of the economic regulatory mechanism in the field of environmental protection are environmental funds, which include the Federal Environmental Fund of the Russian Federation (FEF RF), environmental funds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local funds. The practice of the existence of environmental funds has proven the economic feasibility of their activities, the role of which is especially increasing in conditions of a severe shortage of financing for environmental protection. In the author’s opinion, it seems appropriate to restore the above funds in the form of targeted budget funds, the legal status of which is established by Article 17 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, entrusting the relevant executive authorities with the responsibility of forming estimates for these funds.

Keywords: environment, regulatory mechanism, environmental fund

Abstract: An important element of the economic mechanism of regulation in the field of preservation of the environment are ecological funds, which include Federal ecological fund of the Russian Federation, ecological funds of subjects of the Russian Federation and local funds. Practice of existence of ecological funds has proven economic feasibility of their activity which role especially increases in conditions of the most severe deficiency of financing of preservation of the environment. According to the author, it is represented expedient to restore the above-stated funds in the form of the target budgetary funds which legal status is established item 17 of the Budgetary code of the Russian Federation, having assigned on corresponding enforcement authorities questions of formation of the estimate of these funds.

Keywords: environment, regulation mechanism, ecological fund

Environmental funds play an important role in protecting the environment; they are usually of a redistributive nature: funds come from polluters and are returned to them for specific environmental measures or used to improve the environmental situation in general. This makes it possible to coordinate environmental activities and bring them into line with the overall goals of environmental policy. Funds can be national, interregional, regional and local. The first three types are formed to carry out large environmental programs and environmental protection activities, the cost of which exceeds the available funds of local funds.

Local environmental funds consist of the following funds:

emission taxes and payments by enterprises (for emissions into the atmosphere, discharges into water bodies, disposal of solid waste);

taxes and payments for resources;

indemnity deposits and use bonds;

funds sought to compensate for damage caused by violation of environmental legislation;

payment of enterprises for emissions (license fees);

fines collected through administrative and judicial procedures from legal entities and individuals guilty of violating environmental legislation.

Funds from large funds can be used to finance:

large environmental projects at enterprises when it is impossible to implement them at their own expense;

construction, technical re-equipment, reconstruction and overhaul of environmental facilities operating in the relevant territory;

scientific research development and creation of new types of environmental protection equipment and technology;

measures to prevent and compensate for the negative socio-economic consequences of violation of environmental legislation in a given territory (landscaping, noise control, etc.);

work on assessing the impact on the environment and conducting an examination of economic projects confined to a given territory;

creation of specialized enterprises for processing industrial waste in the region;

partial or full repayment of bank loans given to enterprises for carrying out large capital-intensive environmental protection measures (construction of wastewater treatment plants, introduction of waste-free technologies, etc.) provided that the high quality of these works is ensured and they are completed within a certain time frame.

A certain share of contributions from local funds can be reserved and form an insurance fund, the funds of which will be used to eliminate the negative consequences of unforeseen natural processes and phenomena, as well as accidents that cause damage to the environment.

It should be noted that all of the listed expense items relate to direct costs for environmental activities. In addition to these, there are also indirect costs that cannot be covered from environmental funds. Related payments are made from the state budget.

In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Environmental Protection”, a unified system of state environmental funds has been created in the country, combining the federal environmental fund, extra-budgetary republican, regional, regional and local funds.

The purpose of the system of environmental funds is to solve urgent environmental problems, restore losses in the environment, and compensate for damage caused by deteriorating environmental quality (in cases where the culprit of the damage has not been identified).

The formation of environmental funds is carried out through:

• funds received in the form of payments for standard and above-standard (limit and above-limit) emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal, and other types of pollution;
• amounts for claims for damages, fines for environmental violations;
• funds from the sale of confiscated hunting and fishing equipment, and products illegally obtained with their help;
• donations from legal entities and individuals, which are credited to special accounts.

Fines and claims for damages and for environmental violations are levied in accordance with current legislation. Fines are imposed by specially authorized state bodies - divisions of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, sanitary and epidemiological stations, etc. Calculation of amounts for damage compensation is carried out in accordance with approved methods for determining damage, and in their absence - according to the actual costs of restoring the disturbed state of the environment.

Funds received by environmental funds are distributed in the following order:

60% – for the implementation of environmental measures of local (city and district) significance;

30% – for the implementation of events of regional (republican, regional and regional) significance;

10% is allocated to the federal budget to finance the activities of territorial bodies of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.

Initially, funds that go to environmental funds are accumulated in the accounts of republican, regional or regional funds, and from there are transferred to the federal environmental fund (federal budget) and local environmental funds. Transfers of funds to environmental funds are made quarterly.

For half a year, the State Committee for Ecology of Russia prepares a report on the receipt and expenditure of funds from the Federal Environmental Fund

An important element of the economic regulatory mechanism in the field of environmental protection are environmental funds, which include the Federal Environmental Fund of the Russian Federation (FEF RF), environmental funds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local funds. The practice of the existence of environmental funds has proven the economic feasibility of their activities, the role of which is especially increasing in conditions of a severe shortage of financing for environmental protection.

The main areas of spending funds from territorial environmental funds were: construction, technical re-equipment, reconstruction of environmental facilities (50%), logistics support (5.9%), introduction of environmentally friendly technologies (2.9%), creation and use of environmental monitoring systems ( 2.7%), other types of environmental activities (18%).

Territorial environmental funds have been created in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and their organizational, legal and financial activities are characterized by a variety of forms. In 1999, in 45 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, environmental funds were under the jurisdiction of the administration, and in the rest - territorial bodies of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia. 25 environmental funds have been consolidated into local budgets. Environmental funds in 33 constituent entities of the Russian Federation had the rights of a legal entity. The absence of a system of environmental funds built on uniform management principles also explains a number of shortcomings in their activities.

Thus, the system of environmental funds in Russia, created in the 90s of the 20th century, has become an important source that significantly supplemented the budgetary and own funds of enterprises allocated for environmental protection purposes.

In accordance with the Federal Law of December 27, 2000 No. 150-FZ “On the Federal Budget for 2001”, the Federal Environmental Fund was liquidated and the procedure for crediting to the budgets of various levels of fees for standard and above-standard emissions and discharges of harmful substances, waste disposal and others was changed. types of harmful effects on the environment.

By virtue of the provisions of Article 9 of Federal Law No. 150-FZ, environmental pollution fees must be credited in full to the accounts of the federal treasury bodies for these bodies to distribute income from their payment in the manner of interbudgetary regulation between the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the ratio 19 percent and 81 percent.

In our opinion, it seems advisable to restore the above funds in the form of targeted budget funds, the legal status of which is established by Article 17 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, entrusting the relevant executive authorities with the responsibility of forming estimates for these funds.

Created to solve urgent environmental problems, restore the natural environment, compensate for damage caused and other environmental tasks. They form a unified system that unites federal E.F. and E.f. subjects of the Russian Federation. E.f. are formed from funds received from legal entities and individuals, including: fees for emissions, discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal and other types of pollution; amounts received from claims for damages and fines for environmental violations; funds from the sale of confiscated hunting and fishing gear and products illegally obtained with their help; dividends received, interest on deposits, bank deposits; foreign currency receipts from foreign legal entities and citizens (see Law of the RSFSR “On Environmental Protection” of December 19, 1991).

Large legal dictionary. - M.: Infra-M. A. Ya. Sukharev, V. E. Krutskikh, A. Ya. Sukharev. 2003 .

See what "ECOLOGICAL FUNDS" are in other dictionaries:

ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDS- extra-budgetary state funds, the sources of funds of which are the funds of enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens, etc. foreign legal entities and citizens in the form of: fees for standard and above standard (limit and... ... Legal encyclopedia

See Environmental Funds. EdwART. Dictionary of terms of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, 2010 ...

ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDS- a system of extra-budgetary state environmental funds, combining the federal environmental fund, republican, regional, regional and local funds; are formed from funds received from enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens, and... ... Ecological dictionary

A system of extra-budgetary state environmental funds, combining the federal environmental fund, republican, regional, regional and local funds; are formed from funds received from enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens, and... ... Dictionary of business terms

Extra-budgetary state funds, the sources of funds of which are the funds of enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens, etc. foreign legal entities and citizens in the form of: fees for standard and above standard (limit and... ...

environmental funds- extra-budgetary state funds created to solve urgent environmental problems, restore the natural environment, compensate for damage caused and other environmental tasks. Form a single system that unites... ... Large legal dictionary

ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDS- ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDS… Legal encyclopedia

This article should be Wikified. Please format it according to the article formatting rules. Among indirect taxes, a special place in terms of their purpose is occupied by taxes related to environmental protection, included in the document ... Wikipedia

- (see ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDS) ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Economics and Law

A system of public and government organizations aimed at solving environmental problems. Extra-budgetary state f.e. are in a single state system, including the Federal F.e. Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local F.E.;… … Dictionary of emergency situations

Books

• Legal regulation of budgetary financing of environmental protection and natural resource management, Kira Vladimirovna Kolesnikova. The mechanism for financing environmentally significant activities that developed in the 90s. XX century, abolished. Since 2000, there have been continuous attempts to develop an algorithm for budget financing in...
• Legal regulation of budgetary financing of environmental protection and natural resource management Monograph, Kolesnikova K.. The mechanism for financing environmentally significant activities that developed in the 90s. XX century, abolished. Since 2000, there have been continuous attempts to develop an algorithm for budget financing in...

Environmental funds play an important role in the mechanism of environmental protection - they serve as a financial basis for solving urgent environmental problems. In Russia there is a unified system of extra-budgetary state environmental funds: the Federal Environmental Fund, environmental funds of the constituent entities of the Federation, regional, regional and local environmental funds. Funds are formed from funds received from enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens, as well as foreign legal entities.

Funds are formed from funds received from enterprises, organizations, institutions, citizens, as well as from foreign legal entities and citizens, including:

fees for emissions, discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal and other types of pollution;

amounts received from claims for damages and fines for environmental violations;

from the sale of confiscated hunting and fishing gear and products illegally obtained with their help;

received in the form of dividends, interest on deposits, bank deposits, from the shared use of the fund’s own funds in the activities of enterprises and other legal entities;

foreign currency earnings of foreign legal entities and citizens.

Environmental funds are credited to special accounts of bank institutions and distributed in the following order:

for the implementation of environmental protection measures of local (city, district) significance – 60%;

for the implementation of environmental protection measures of territorial (republican, regional, regional) significance - 30%;

for the implementation of environmental protection measures of federal significance – 10%

The funds from environmental funds are spent on improving the natural environment, on health care measures, reproduction of natural resources, and scientific research. It is prohibited to spend funds from environmental funds for purposes not related to environmental protection activities. According to their legal status, environmental funds are legal entities, the operational management of which is carried out by a directorate formed by the board of the environmental fund. Control over the targeted use of environmental funds is assigned to federal, republican, regional, regional, and local environmental protection committees and administrations of state governing bodies.

Environmental insurance as an element of the economic mechanism for protecting the natural environment, it is a way to protect the property interests of citizens and legal entities in the event of adverse environmental consequences at the expense of funds created by policyholders. The law provides for two forms of environmental insurance: mandatory And voluntary insurance enterprises, institutions, organizations, as well as citizens, their property and income in case of environmental and natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes.

Funds from environmental insurance funds are used to predict, prevent and eliminate the consequences of environmental and natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes. The procedure for environmental insurance and use of funds is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The approximate regulations determine the main tasks of environmental funds, the sources of their formation, the main directions for using funds, and the management of environmental funds. But the main goal is to provide financial guarantees for damage to the environment, including promoting the development of an environmental liability insurance mechanism.

At this stage, a purely economic or purely ecological approach to development is increasingly untenable and should be replaced by integrated ecological-economic. The need to regulate environmental relations, although recognized by the world community, nevertheless, “the only criterion in environmental management so far remains efficiency” and “the gross economic criterion (monetary value of the final product).” Meanwhile, it is obvious that, both in determining and in the practical implementation of measures to combat environmental pollution, it is necessary to implement the principle: “he who pollutes, pays,” and, consequently, the use of economic mechanisms in combination with legislative acts. In theory, economic mechanisms operate in the form of financial incentives in relation to those responsible for environmental pollution, who, as economic agents, can choose the solution that they consider most profitable for themselves. True, not in all cases economic mechanisms play only a supporting role in relation to the current regulation, which in itself does not have sufficient opportunity to modify the behavior of polluters. At the same time, economic mechanisms also have certain advantages. If pollution taxes are set at appropriate levels, global environmental costs can be reduced. Indeed, in fact, the economic mechanism is a continuously operating incentive aimed at reducing environmental pollution; it is valid for the entire established time of making payments. Based on this incentive, there is an impetus to bring about technological change by finding and implementing more effective pollution control mechanisms and introducing new, non-polluting products. In addition, it is easier for government authorities to modify any type of tax than to change legislation.

Economic mechanisms play an important role in environmental protection. Therefore, mixed systems arose in which economic mechanisms complement the system of direct regulation. In such cases, the role of economic mechanisms is to provide financial revenues necessary for the implementation of certain environmental measures to stimulate technical innovation.

The effectiveness of taxes is also determined by the degree to which the set goals are achieved. In cases where tax levels are low, direct regulation becomes necessary to achieve environmental policy goals. Here you need to strive to achieve balance. Too simple a system, of course, is easy to use, however, its usefulness is low. At the same time, a complex and sophisticated system is effective in theory, but its application is very difficult. In addition, it should be taken into account that high tax rates may cause resistance from entrepreneurs.

One of the main benefits that economic mechanisms provide in theoretical terms is prospective economic efficiency, which implies accurate knowledge of the total costs of treatment; as well as the total costs associated with environmental damage.

Environmental funds of the Russian Federation - system extra-budgetary state funds created to solve urgent environmental problems. Unites the federal environmental fund, republican, regional, regional and local funds.

The purpose of the system of environmental funds is to solve urgent environmental problems, restore losses in the environment, and compensate for damage caused by deteriorating environmental quality in cases where the culprit of the damage has not been identified.

The formation of environmental funds is carried out through:

· funds received in the form of payments for standard and above-standard (limit and above-limit) emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal, and other types of pollution;

· amounts for claims for damages, fines for environmental violations;

· funds from the sale of confiscated hunting and fishing equipment, and products illegally obtained with their help;

· donations from legal entities and individuals, which are credited to special accounts.

The main areas of spending funds from territorial environmental funds were: construction, technical re-equipment, reconstruction of environmental facilities (50%), material and technical support (5.9%), introduction of environmentally friendly technologies (2.9%), creation and use of environmental monitoring systems environment (2.7%), other types of environmental activities (18%).

The Federal Extra-budgetary Environmental Fund was established in 1992 to solve urgent environmental problems by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 29, 1992 N 442. It was recommended to create territorial environmental funds in the regions of Russia. In accordance with the Regulations “On the Federal Environmental Fund,” the fund was an independent state non-budgetary institution with the rights of a legal entity. The legal basis for the creation of funds was the RSFSR Law of December 19, 1991 “On the Protection of the Natural Environment.” The Federal Environmental Fund existed until 1995, was consolidated into the federal budget, but was liquidated in 2001. The most pressing issue that arose in connection with the adoption of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation was the fate of local environmental extra-budgetary funds. After all, Article 10 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation did not provide for the creation at the level of municipalities of funds other than local budgets. However, the Federal Law “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” still allowed representative bodies of local self-government to form targeted extra-budgetary funds, although such a contradiction is unacceptable. As a result, the RSFSR Law “On the Protection of the Natural Environment” served to regulate the conditions and procedure for creating a system of environmental funds in the Russian Federation. It turns out that municipalities had the right not to convert extra-budgetary environmental funds into budget ones.

Local governments solved the problem related to the actual ban of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation on the creation of local extra-budgetary funds, including environmental ones, in different ways. Thus, by the decision of the City Council of People's Deputies of the city of Vladimir, the Vladimir off-budget environmental fund was transformed into the municipal institution "Ecological Fund of the City of Vladimir". The city eco-fund received the status of a municipal institution. As a result, the environmental fund has actually become an estimate of the income and expenses of this institution, financed from budgetary allocations, and then it becomes impossible to form the fund from such tax revenues as payments for environmental pollution. These payments still had to be accumulated in the local budget and then sent to this institution.

All of the above confirmed the existence of problems in the field of budget legislation.

Until 2007, territorial environmental funds existed in Russia. Since 2008, regional budgets have not provided for the allocation of funds to finance environmental funds. However, targeted programs for spending budget funds have emerged. Such a program, for example, was proclaimed in 2008 in Moscow. She approved the implementation of the Target Medium-Term Environmental Program of the City of Moscow for 2006-2008; environmental protection activities remained a priority - reducing the negative impact of vehicles on the city's atmospheric air, improving the condition of surface and groundwater, reducing noise discomfort zones, etc.

Of course, targeted programs for financing environmental activities are very important and necessary for the protection and protection of the environment. However, in our opinion, it is still necessary to have environmental funds as separate organizations, since there will be special bodies that would deal specifically with environmental issues. But in this case, there is a need to eliminate contradictions in legislation and create a system of clear control over the activities of environmental funds.

Whatever the environmental protection measures, the main thing is that they are effective. By order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 31, 2002, the Environmental Doctrine of the Russian Federation, developed by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Russia with the participation of government bodies of the Russian Federation, was approved. The strategic goal of environmental policy was to preserve natural systems, maintain their integrity and life-supporting functions for the sustainable development of society, improve the quality of life, improve public health and demographic situation, ensure the environmental safety of the country, and the main task in these areas is to reduce environmental pollution by emissions , discharges and waste, as well as the specific energy and resource intensity of products and services. The extent to which the goals and objectives of the Environmental Doctrine will be achieved depends on many factors. One thing is clear - whether environmental funds will exist or not, the implementation of these tasks depends not only on government measures, but also on every citizen of the Russian Federation. Surely, if there is less environmental pollution, and, accordingly, fewer payments for it, then there will be no need to carry out measures to restore natural objects.