What does it mean - speak a foreign language? Each person has their own idea about this: some are content with a level that allows them to travel around Europe without hindrance, while for others it is not enough to read Shakespeare in the original. Subjective criteria in this matter vary greatly - from knowledge of the necessary phrases to an intuitive sense of the language (which is sometimes lacking even for those who have spoken it since childhood). However, we learn a foreign language for a certain purpose - moving to another country, studying at a foreign university, the need to speak English for work.
Needless to say, “just like that”, the language itself will never be learned. Accordingly, no one can do without external criteria, that is, those parameters by which language knowledge will be tested in practice. Therefore, below we will look at the gradation of proficiency levels in the most common foreign language - English - according to the CEFR scale developed by the Council of Europe, compare it with the results of popular exams (IELTS / TOEFL / Cambridge / PTE) and give some tips for gradually mastering the language from elementary to higher levels.
Comparison table of levels and exam scores
How can you find out your level yourself?
Today, the level of English language proficiency can be determined even without leaving home, thanks to numerous online tests. Below is a selection of several such tests. It should be borne in mind that such tests will not allow an absolutely accurate reflection of the level of language proficiency, since the resources on which they are posted are most often associated with language schools that have paid or offline resources to accurately assess the level. Therefore, even after receiving a result on the CEFR scale, you should take into account the possible errors of online tests. In addition, some tests, due to their content, cannot objectively assess knowledge of the language at an advanced level (C1–C2).Some of the tests below require registration before testing, but there are many tests on the Internet that allow you to get the result only after registering on the site or contacting the language school, which is very annoying and leads to additional time expenditure, so such tests are included in the tables not taken into account.
Complex tests
Tests of this kind include tasks in various areas of language knowledge: listening (listening), text comprehension (reading), grammar (grammar) and knowledge of the dictionary (vocabulary). Comprehensive online tests do not include only one important parameter - speaking. Such tests can be considered the most objective.| Resource | Questions | Time | Level | Answers | Grade | Timer | Registration | Listening | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 42 | 50 min | A2–C2 | 4-5 var. | 9.7 | + | + | + | + | |
| 50 | 20 minutes. | B1–C2 | 5 var. | 7.4 | - | + | + | + | |
| 50 | 20 minutes. | A2–C1 | 3–4 var. | 7.4 | - | + | + | + | |
| 140 | 70 min. | A1–C1 | 4 var. | 7.2 | - | - | + | + | |
| 30 | 20 minutes. | A2–C1 | 4 var. | 7.0 | - | - | + | - | |
| 40 | 15 minutes. | A1–B2 | 4 var. | 7.0 | - | + | + | - | |
| 50 | 20 minutes. | A2–C1 | 4 var. | 6.8 | - | - | - | + | |
| 20 | 15 minutes. | A2–C2 | 4 var. | 6.5 | + | - | + | - | |
| 60 | 30 min. | A2–C1 | 4 var. | 6.5 | + | + | - | + | |
| 40 | 15 minutes. | A1–B2 | 3–4 var. | 6.2 | - | - | + | + |
Vocabulary and grammar tests
A good option for those who want to quickly determine their approximate level of language proficiency. The level of knowledge of grammar will allow you to quickly navigate your level, because good knowledge in this area constitutes an important “skeleton” on which you can successfully build up other language knowledge.| Resource | Time | Questions | Level | Answers | Grammar | Verbs | Dictionary | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35 min. | 83 | A2–C2 | 6 var. | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8.0 | |
| 25 min. | 40 | A1–B2 | Writing | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7.3 | |
| 10 min. | 10 | B2–C1 | 4 var. | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6.7 | |
| 35 min. | 68 | A2–B2 | 4 var | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6.7 | |
| 10 min. | 25 | A1–B2 | 4 var. | 7 | 8 | 5 | 6.7 | |
| 20 minutes. | 50 | A1–B2 | 4 var. | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6.3 | |
| 20 minutes. | 50 | A1–B2 | 4 var. | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6.3 | |
| 20 minutes. | 40 | A1–B2 | 4 var. | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6.3 | |
| 20 minutes. | 50 | A1–B2 | 4 var. | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6.3 | |
| 15 minutes. | 40 | A1–B2 | 4 var. | 8 | 5 | 5 | 6.0 | |
| 15 minutes. | 40 | A1–B1 | 3 var. | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5.7 | |
| 10 min. | 25 | A1–B1 | 3 var. | 6 | 3 | 4 | 4.3 |
The rating is based on a ten-point scale based on five main criteria:
- Grammar - how deeply the knowledge of English grammar is tested, including knowledge of tenses, conditional sentences, subordinate clauses, tense agreement, passive voice.
- Verbs - it is separately assessed how thoroughly the test tests knowledge of English verbs: irregular, modal, phrasal. The same parameter includes the presence in the test of tasks on knowledge of the use of prepositions with verbs, infinitives and gerunds.
- Vocabulary - assessment of the diversity of testing vocabulary, as well as the availability of tasks for its use.
- Listening - if the test contains this part, then the level of its complexity, the speed of listening, the presence of different voice tones, artificial interference, accents, etc. are assessed.
- Reading - assessment of tasks for perception and understanding of the text, if any in the test. The complexity of texts is primarily assessed.
Why is it important to know your language level?
- To correctly determine your goals, only knowing your level of foreign language proficiency can you adequately assess your capabilities, as well as determine short-term and long-term goals, which will allow you to choose the right training program and find a competent mentor.
- The need to indicate when applying for a job - many modern companies ask applicants to indicate in their resume their level of foreign language proficiency, confirmed by an appropriate certificate. To get a good position in an international company, you need to know the language at a high level.
- To study abroad, it is impossible to enter a prestigious college or university without good knowledge of a foreign language. And again, members of the admissions committee need confirmation - a language certificate.
Foreign language in practice: what is important?
The first thing you need to know: the level of language proficiency is only checked in practice. It is almost impossible to independently determine real language skills, even with the help of Internet tests, since they only determine knowledge of grammar and a very limited vocabulary. Therefore, you should not rely too much on such results, since in reality everything will be completely different.When determining the level of proficiency in any foreign language, including English, experts pay attention to 4 basic skills: listening, reading, speech And letter. It is these skills that are usually tested on various international tests. Obviously, online tests will help assess only the first two criteria, although in practice it is much more important to be able to express yourself in speech and writing.
The difficulty of independently determining the level of a foreign language lies not only in the fact that it is difficult to evaluate yourself, but also in the fact that the second language as a whole rarely remains at any particular level. That is, you can be able to understand complex texts in a foreign language that correspond to an advanced level, but have great difficulty speaking independently. It turns out that, on the one hand, a person knows the language at a professional level, but on the other hand, his communication skills are almost undeveloped. How then can you determine your level of English? Professional linguists and experts define foreign language proficiency according to several levels that apply not only to English, but to most languages of the world.
A0 - Zero level of English proficiency
| IELTS | TOEFL | Cambridge | PTE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
In truth, this level does not exist at all, but it is certainly worth mentioning, since 80% of self-critical beginners confidently attribute complete ignorance of the language to themselves. Attention: if a person knows how the word is translated dog or house, then this is already some level. Whatever the source of knowledge: two years of studying English at school, an English phrasebook once read, or two weeks of classes with a tutor 15 years ago - this knowledge remains in a person’s head forever. This is important because even a minimal base will serve as an excellent basis for subsequent study.
If we talk about zero level, this means complete ignorance English (this will be true if the person knows English as well as Filipino). In this case, you can enroll in English courses in your home country. In about 3 months, the language level will rise to spoken B1. If a person is still visually familiar with the English alphabet and knows what “Hello! How are you?” means, this indicates language proficiency at level A1.
start with lessons for absolute beginners, where you can master the alphabet, reading rules, key words for understanding simple English, learn 300 new words (this will take no more than two weeks).
A1 - initial level of English proficiency - Beginner
| IELTS | TOEFL | Cambridge | PTE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 15 | - |
This level is also called the "survival level". This means that once in one of the cities of England or America, a person, with the help of local residents, will be able to get at least to the Russian embassy. This level can in no way be called conversational, since, of course, there will be no coherent conversation. But jokes aside, with this level you can go to language courses abroad.
Even minimal skills already allow you to at least convey some information to your interlocutor, albeit not without the help of gestures. Typically, this level is mastered by those who learned English a long time ago and without much pleasure. Of course, there are absolutely no practical skills, but there is knowledge deposited deep in memory that will serve as a good basis for further language learning.
The student speaks the language at level A1 if:
- answers basic questions: name, age, home country, profession;
- understands familiar phrases provided the narrator speaks slowly and clearly;
- understands some individual words in the English text.
A2 - basic level of English proficiency - Elementary
| IELTS | TOEFL | Cambridge | PTE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 | 31 | KET pass | 30 |
If you can live with the initial level and not think about it, then the basic level Elementary presupposes some awareness or, at least, memory that “I once taught something similar.” Again, there is still a long way to go to the conversational level, but unlike A1, some kind of dialogue can already happen.
If we return to the hypothetical situation of staying in one of the cities of England, then the situation here is a little rosier: with a basic level you can not only get to the embassy, but also communicate with a foreigner (for example, talk a little about your profession or place an order in a cafe).
In practice, A2 differs little from A1, and the main advantage of the first is rather greater self-confidence and a slightly richer vocabulary. However, communication capabilities are still limited, so level A2 is only suitable as a basis for study, since there is nowhere to apply it in practice.
The student speaks the language at level A2 if:
- talks about everyday topics: he can give directions or ask for directions, talk about himself and the things around him;
- understands the interlocutor’s speech in a dialogue, provided that he speaks clearly and on a familiar topic;
- can read and understand basic sentences ( I have..., You are..., He goes...);
- write a simple sentence in text form or fill out a form in English.
Very often, between the initial and conversational levels, an intermediate level is distinguished, which implies that a person can already use English to solve some vital tasks, but does not yet speak spoken English. If we compare it with the A0-C2 scale, then this level can be characterized as A2+ or B1-.
It can be defined as follows:
- partially falling under the characteristics of level B1, but lack of practice in some aspects (for example, writing) indicates knowledge of the language at level Pre-Intermediate;
- Completely falling under the description of level A2 and partially falling under level B1 (for example, speaking skills are more developed) indicates knowledge of the language at level Upper-Elementary.
B1 - Intermediate level of English proficiency
| IELTS | TOEFL | Cambridge | PTE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 60 | PET pass | 43 |
When language competence goes beyond confused speech about the location of museums and restaurants, and English speech and text become more and more understandable, these facts indicate that the student is at the first stage of spoken English. But in addition to conversation, this level also implies good reading skills of adapted texts, as well as an understanding of basic English grammar. Statistically, the majority of tourists know the language at this level, which allows them to easily communicate with their interlocutor on everyday topics. Typically, modern graduates graduate from school with at least a B1 level (with a maximum of B2). However, you still need a lot of work to become fluent in the language.
The student speaks the language at level B1 if:
- confidently carries on a conversation on any everyday topic with good pronunciation, although still with some hesitations and errors;
- understands the interlocutor, and also partially grasps the meaning of a complex speech (lecture) or conversation between English speakers (film);
- reads literature adapted for intermediate level with a dictionary and understands the meaning of simple texts;
- can compose a short essay about himself or the world around him, using common semantic structures and words.
B2 - Higher intermediate level - Upper-Intermediate
| IELTS | TOEFL | Cambridge | PTE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 90 | FCE grade C | 59 |
If a student has good conversational skills (above average level), can maintain a detailed conversation with a foreigner, understands speech by ear, watches English-language films and TV series without translation or subtitles, this means that he speaks a foreign language at level B2. It should be noted that people who are completely unfamiliar with the English language are sure that a real foreigner is standing in front of them. However, don't be fooled. Upper-Intermediate- this is truly a great achievement, but even this is sometimes not enough for professional activity. Another disadvantage is the fact that it will be much more difficult to move higher on your own. However, for admission to a foreign university with average requirements for applicants, this level is quite enough, so you don’t have to worry and feel free to sign up for the TOEFL or IELTS exams.
The student speaks the language at level B2 if:
- speaks measuredly on almost any topic, expresses his own attitude or spaciously describes his thoughts (however, at this level some errors in verb conjugation, tenses and the use of complex words are still acceptable);
- understands oral speech on everyday topics and about 80% of complex speech (lectures, films, interviews);
- understands well the meaning of informational texts in English, draws information from English-language resources without significant loss of meaning (it is permissible to use a dictionary to read texts on an unfamiliar topic);
- expresses his thoughts in writing in a reasoned manner, using common constructions (albeit with minor errors).
C1 - advanced level of English proficiency - Advanced
| IELTS | TOEFL | Cambridge | PTE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | 100 | CAE grade C | 76 |
Perhaps, the difference between an advanced level and a higher intermediate level can only be understood by a professional or an anglophone and, of course, the speaker himself, but only if he has the so-called “sense of language”: when, when speaking, it becomes clear that the words are used correctly, but the sentence can be constructed slightly differently , choosing more elegant words or suitable terms. This is a sign that the problem of knowledge of the language has slowly spilled over into the problem of its competent use, which, in turn, indicates an extremely high level of knowledge of English as a foreign language. Of course, there is no question of any misunderstanding of the language. A student with level C1 perfectly perceives information by ear and is able to express his thoughts on paper. The only thing that he is not quite capable of yet is Shakespeare and Nabokov’s “Lolita” in the original without a dictionary. This level is recommended for employment in a foreign company; it opens doors to almost all foreign universities (including top ones - Yale University, University College London,).
The student speaks the language at level C1 if:
- speaks without problems on any topic, expresses shades of emotions and relationships in language;
- understands any spoken language;
- fluently reads texts in English, both informational (articles, newspapers, interviews) and scientific (articles in scientific journals, textbooks, works of philosophers, journalists, critics), occasionally encountering unfamiliar words;
- knows how to write appeals to employers, motivation letters, clearly understands the difference between a formal writing style and an informal one.
C2 - professional level of proficiency - Proficient
| IELTS | TOEFL | Cambridge | PTE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.5 | 118 | CPE grade C | 85 |
The highest level in the gradation of English language levels is level C2. It should be noted that this is still a step, not a final stop. In essence, level C2 corresponds to excellent knowledge of English as a foreign language, its competent use for any professional and everyday situation, and the ability to read fiction and professional literature in English fluently (or almost fluently). However, knowing English at C2 level does not mean knowing it, as they like to say, in excellence.
Any linguist or philologist will confirm that mastering a language perfectly is the lot of very few, and these few usually become brilliant writers or wordsmiths. But if we take the most obvious example, say, an educated Londoner, then this also goes beyond the C2 level (usually those who speak English from childhood are called native speakers, and, of course, this is not included in the gradation of knowledge of English as a foreign language).
You should always remember that there is no limit to perfection, although language proficiency at the C2 level is an excellent result that few achieve. With a similar level, you can enroll in any postgraduate program, publish works in English, conduct conferences and lectures, i.e. for almost any professional activity this level will be more than enough.
The student speaks the language at level C2 if:
How to improve your English: Spend several years in an English-speaking country, for example at university or on an internship. And, of course, read.
What should you know about learning foreign languages?
Independent study of a foreign language is quite possible, but this undertaking requires a lot of effort, time, and such qualities as perseverance, diligence and dedication from the student. At first, classes seem interesting, but the lack of a clear program, correctly set goals, time frames and a teacher who controls the learning process and motivates the student leads to another breakdown and a lack of desire to continue learning the language.That is why it is advisable to learn a new language together with a teacher in individual or group lessons. When the basic material has been completed, you can go abroad to improve your communication skills and increase your vocabulary. Without studying in a country where the language being studied is the main one, it is impossible to master it perfectly, even if you study using the most advanced textbooks.
The fact is that living modern language changes daily, and special educational publications simply do not have time to track these metamorphoses. We are talking about modern slang, foreign borrowings, a variety of dialects, etc., which change the language every day. It is possible to know English at the native level, but for this it is necessary to be in an appropriate language environment, where the student will have to join a foreign-language society and keep abreast of news that is covered in the press or on the Internet.
How long will it take to learn a foreign language?
The answer to this question depends on several factors: the student’s goals, his perseverance and diligence, as well as his ability to pay. It is quite logical that you can learn a foreign language faster only with the help of a qualified teacher (perhaps even a native speaker). This is a real investment in the future, which will definitely pay off, but will also require quite a lot of capital investment.The faster a student wants to learn a foreign language, the more he will have to pay. Theoretically, it can take about 2.5 - 3 years to complete all levels (without living abroad), for this you will have to attend special courses several times a week. If you study on your own, it will take much longer to learn the language. When studying abroad, a student gains the same amount of knowledge much faster.
There are no miracles!
Beginners in learning a foreign language should clearly understand that the learning process requires a lot of time from the student, as well as some effort on oneself, since there will always be a reason to reschedule a lesson or postpone homework until later. Training is a colossal work! Therefore, it is impossible to learn a language in a month using a new “unique author’s technique” or the 25th frame. There are no miracles! Only working on mistakes and consistent analysis of new material will help you reach the desired level.Time spent on leveling up
The table shows the number of weeks of intensive English to improve language level in Kaplan International schools * - levels of knowledge of English, French, Italian, Spanish and other European languages.
Very often, adults who come to English language courses cannot adequately assess their level. Most of them say that they would like to start at an easier level, or even better, from scratch.
One girl, when she came to study, got to the basic level. At the first lesson, she categorically stated that she did not know anything except the alphabet and “My name is.” Three months later, she overtook her classmates and passed the exam brilliantly. Another year later, having completed a two-year program, she passed the exam for a certificate of a level sufficient to work and study abroad. Whether it was the result of hard work or previously acquired knowledge, most likely both. This case is not the only one, so students often begin to migrate from group to group in search of a suitable level. Of course, the opposite happens, when a person overestimates his capabilities and asks for a level that is obviously higher than his knowledge allows. This is also wrong and undesirable, since the formula “reach for those who are stronger” does not always work; more often than not, it becomes difficult and uninteresting for a person who does not understand much, since he does not have the appropriate base.
One of the main systems for determining the level of language proficiency is CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages). CEFR or Common European Framework of Reference for Languages- a system developed by the Council of Europe is used to determine the level of proficiency in a foreign language.
The meaning of CEFR is an assessment and teaching method applicable to all European languages. In the CEFR, levels are divided into 6: A (A1 and A2) - elementary proficiency, B (B1 and B2) - independent proficiency, C (C1 and C2) - fluent proficiency.
The CEFR system is used in English, German and Spanish, among others.
Levels of English language proficiency (table)
The table of levels of knowledge of foreign languages was compiled by the management of the White Rabbit school; when copying, please provide a link to our website.
| CEFR level | English level | Cambridge Exam (for English) | What does this mean (using English as an example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| - | Absolute Beginner (starting from scratch) | - | If you have never studied English (it didn’t work out or you studied, but German or French), you can safely call yourself Absolute Beginner (starting from scratch). In this case, welcome to the course, which will start right from the alphabet. |
| - | False Beginner | - | If you studied English at school or in another educational institution, but it was a long time ago and was not true, and you have already forgotten everything, then you - False Beginner (pseudo-beginner). Your learning will begin not with the alphabet and counting from one to ten, but with simple sentences and basic tenses. |
| A1 Level of survival (Breakthrough) | Elementary | - | If your English lessons at school have left some kind of imprint, and you remember some words and phrases, can, without haste, convey basic information about yourself and understand a simple question, even if not the first time, then you need to go to the level Elementary (beginner). |
| A2 Pre-threshold level (Waystage) | Pre-intermediate (preparatory secondary) | KET | If you are not afraid of a foreigner who addresses you in English, but ask him to repeat the question and not only understand, but can explain how to find the nearest hotel, if you approximately remember the number of tenses in English, you can read a simple text and write a short note , then your level is called Pre-intermediate (preparatory secondary). |
| B1 Threshold level | Intermediate | PET | If you can more or less confidently express your thoughts, know and use most common grammatical structures, read simple books, periodically look into the dictionary, and are able to write a detailed letter to a friend on the topic “How I spent my summer,” you are at the level Intermediate. |
| B2 Threshold Advanced Level (Vantage) or pre-B2 | Pre-Upper-Intermediate (preparatory high) | - | If you speak confidently, but with errors, are able to discuss almost any topic without particularly worrying about the richness of your vocabulary, you know grammar well, but do not always apply it correctly, if an error is pointed out to you, you say “oops” and immediately remember the necessary rule, you can write almost any text, although you do not always distinguish between styles (for example, inserting colloquial vocabulary into an official letter), understand most of the colloquial speech, and even try to read books without a dictionary, then you most likely have a level Pre-Upper-Intermediate (preparatory high). |
| B2 Threshold Advanced Level (Vantage) | Upper-Intermediate (high) | FCE | If you firmly know grammar, with the exception of nuances, and not only know it, but also apply it more or less correctly, if you are able to watch films and programs in the original, read English classics (except Dickens), talk with native speakers for pleasure, and know different styles of English writing, then you have a typical Upper-Intermediate (high). |
| C1 Level of professional proficiency (Effective Operational Proficiency) or pre-C1 | Pre-Advanced (almost advanced) | - | If you are no longer a boy, but not yet a husband, i.e. you have already conquered the previous level, but do not use English as fluently as your native speech, and are unfamiliar with the basic nuances of English grammar (exceptions), then before you go to conquer the Advanced level, it is better to try your hand at the level Pre-Advanced (almost advanced). |
| C1 Level of professional proficiency (Effective Operational Proficiency) | Advanced | CAE | If you read in the original not for educational purposes, but solely for pleasure, watch English films in the original, because the translation does not convey the full richness of the jokes, you know not only the basic grammar, but the nuances and exceptions, and have long been using the language not as a goal , and as a means, then you have the Advanced level. |
To find out your language level, take a trial lesson with a teacher. 30 minutes - free!
In order to get a job in an international company or organization engaged in foreign economic activity, it is necessary. Today, the most common and in demand are English, German, French, and Chinese.
Language skills on resume
In order to get a job in an international company, you must indicate your level of proficiency in a particular language when filling out your resume. To do this, specify the level in a separate section. Most often, standard options are used, from which you need to choose the most suitable one.
Russified classification:
- base,
- "I own it freely"
- “I am fluent.”
- Beginner,
- Advanced,
- Basic
- Elementary level
- Upper-Intermediate.
How should I indicate my level of language proficiency on my resume?
Naturally, you must indicate your real one in your resume. Another question is how to define it correctly.
For example, Intermediate assumes that a person can not only clearly and clearly express his thoughts and understand the interlocutor, but also write informational articles, conduct business correspondence, fill out declarations and other important documents.
To use the language, you can use one of the following methods:
- When completing training, the level of knowledge is usually indicated, which must be shown by the student.
- Take the online test.
- To confirm the level, starting from Intermediate and higher, the following relevant tests must be taken.
Levels of language knowledge (Russified classification)
At the moment, there is the most accurate and official classification of different levels of English proficiency.
According to it, they are divided into those listed below, which we will now examine in more detail: 
- Advanced is the highest level of English proficiency. Moreover, both oral speech and writing are taken into account.
- Upper-intermediate(in modern texts it can be achieved by typing from 550 to 600 points). At the same time, a person at this level can calmly communicate, watch movies and fully understand them. With this level of language knowledge, it is possible to freely find a job in any company - both large and relatively small organizations.
- Intermediate— in order to get this level you need to score from 400 to 550 points on the TOEFL text. This indicates that a person can communicate as competently and freely on certain topics as possible. Knows all the basic rules and features of the English language. Can conduct business negotiations at the proper level.
- Pre-intermediate represents the level of knowledge of a person who can freely perceive what is said (read) and delve into the essence.
- Elementary is an elementary or basic level of knowledge of the English language. Knowing English at this level, a person can quickly read various languages, as well as the most. In addition to this, knowledge of the most basic and simple grammatical and spelling structures must also be present.
- Beginner- Beginner level of English proficiency. It represents the simplest level of language proficiency. A person receives the most basic level at school. A person with these English language skills can still speak on various topics.
Level of language proficiency according to the European scale
Most countries in the world have adopted the Common European System (CEFR), which is used to determine the level of English language proficiency. Thanks to this scale, standards have been established that are used throughout the world for the most comprehensive definition of language competence.
This system is used to recognize their qualifications, which have been obtained in a wide variety of educational systems and have a direct impact on academic and labor migration not only in European countries, but throughout the world.
This rating scale can be used for any language. This is due to the fact that the ALTE association developed and implemented a special formula “Sai Mo”. The division is made into general educational and working aspects.
According to the pan-European scale, the level of foreign language proficiency is divided into the following:
- A1 - initial - Breakshowge.
- A2 - level 1 (Pre-intermediate and Elementary).
- B1 - Intermediate.
- B2 - Upper-intermediate.
- C1 - Advanced.
- C2 - “Profi”
Each level is confirmed by passing the corresponding exam (Cambridge).
Valuable addition to your resume:
When filling out your resume, you must indicate not only your level of English proficiency, but also the availability of an appropriate certificate, as well as information about passing certain exams: B1, B2, C1 and C2.
It is also a good idea to include the full name of the detailed institution.
Certificates confirming the level of English language
International certificates are issued to candidates and serve as documentary evidence of their level of knowledge of the English language.
They are divided:
- . This certificate is recognized in almost 130 countries around the world. First of all, these are most countries of the European continent, as well as New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the USA. This certificate is issued for two years, after which it must be reconfirmed.
- TOEFL. It is necessary for applicants when entering educational institutions where the MBA program is taught, as well as when finding employment. This certificate is recognized in Canada and the USA (over 2400 colleges), The TOEFL Certificate is recognized in 150 countries. Its validity period is 2 years.
- GMAT. This international certificate is required for admission to Western universities, business schools, educational institutions where MBA programs are taught, as well as for employment in large international companies. The validity period of this certificate is currently 5 years.
- GRE. This international certificate is required for admission to graduate school at most American universities. Its validity period is 5 years.
- TOEIK.This certificate is required for applicants and students, including linguistic universities. Often, a TOEIK certificate is required when applying for a job in a variety of English-speaking companies. Validity period: 2 years. But you can take it for five years at once. But for this, you need to pay 50 dollars (standard fee).
Exams confirming language skills and level of English (international scale)
Today, the most common throughout the world are the Cambridge tests (which are taken annually by tens of millions of people from different regions of the globe - Cambridge SOP).
This system is developed for various levels of English proficiency and makes it possible to obtain a preliminary assessment of your own knowledge. Each test confirms the level of knowledge and makes an assessment.
CAM (pr SEFR for Intermediate) with outputs to Elementary (A1 and A2), PET (Intermediate B1), FSE - Upper-intermediate (B2), - Advanced (C1), CPE - Pre-intermediate (C2). In addition, there are a number of others - highly specialized exams.
English proficiency test
A huge number of different tests have now appeared on the Internet, which make it possible to test your level of language knowledge. But here it is important to remember that not all of them are reliable, since most of them are just dummies that have nothing to do with official tests and calculation criteria.
It’s easier to call them simulators or applications. The most popular and popular is http://www.cambridgeenglish.org.ru/test-your-english/. This is due to the fact that it was released by Cambridge specialists and all the data obtained in it is reliable.
Since 1971, the Council of Europe began work to systematize approaches to teaching foreign languages and standardize assessments of language proficiency levels.
A huge amount of work has been done. Many experts from all European countries, including Russia, were involved in this work. As a result, by 1996, a pan-European system of levels of foreign language proficiency was developed - (Common European Framework of Reference, CEFR).
And in November 2001, an EU Council resolution recommended the use of the CEFR to create national systems for assessing language competence.
The classic level system included three main levels - basic (A), intermediate (B) and advanced (C).
The new pan-European system detailed the classical system by dividing each of the three main levels into two sub-levels. The result was 6 levels (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2)
For children and adolescents, this six-level system required further division into plus and minus sublevels. On the other hand, the requirement for foreign language proficiency for schoolchildren was limited to level B2, since levels C1-C2 already presuppose proficiency in a professional language. The division into sublevels for schoolchildren is associated with several factors:
– differences in developmental psychology among junior, middle and senior schoolchildren;
– differences in language topics among junior, middle and senior schoolchildren;
– requirement for more in-depth study of the material by schoolchildren.
As a result, the following levels were developed for schoolchildren: A1-, A1, A1+, A2, A2+, B1-, B1, B1+, B2.
Description of foreign language proficiency levels
A1 Starter.
First level
Phonetics: Knowledge of the alphabet, peculiarities of pronunciation of sounds, reading rules.
Grammar: Mastery of an elementary level of grammar, which includes knowledge and ability to use the elementary forms of parts of speech, the most common tenses and the ability to compose simple sentences.
Vocabulary: Mastery of the minimum required vocabulary of everyday topics (approximately 500 – 1000 words and phrases)
Talk: Possession of basic communication skills in everyday situations
Listening: Understanding basic spoken language
Reading: Understanding simple written English in the form of instructions, descriptions and explanations
Letter: Ability to write simple sentences
A2 Elementary.
A basic level of
Phonetics: Basic pronunciation skills and rules for reading unfamiliar words.
Grammar: Knowledge of a basic level of grammar, including basic
grammatical structures: tense, voice, mood
Vocabulary: Expansion of basic vocabulary, ability to use a dictionary
Talk: Ability to carry on a conversation at an everyday level.
Listening: Ability to grasp the general meaning of spoken language
Reading: Understanding simple written material
Letter: Beginning of coherent expression of speech messages in written form
B1 Pre-Intermediate.
Intermediate level
Phonetics: Improving pronunciation skills, a complete phonetics course, including intonation, stress and exceptions to reading rules
Grammar: Expanding knowledge of grammatical structures and deepening existing knowledge in the field of grammar
Vocabulary: Basic ways of forming words: suffixes, prefixes, roots
Talk: Ability to communicate in a range of commonly encountered situations
Listening: Understanding of spoken language, the ability to grasp the general meaning when watching films, television programs, etc.
Reading: The ability to extract information from original texts.
Letter: Ability to write down everyday events
B2 Intermediate.
Average level
Phonetics: Achieving correct pronunciation.
Grammar: Complete grammar course
Vocabulary: Knowledge of all methods of word formation, the ability to distinguish shades of meaning, synonyms, antonyms, homonyms.
Talk: Ability to communicate in most commonly encountered situations.
Listening: Understanding spoken language in context
Letter: Correct writing of business and private letters, ability to express opinions and ideas.
C1 Upper-Intermediate.
High level
Phonetics: Working on your accent.
Grammar: The ability to use knowledge of all grammatical forms to express different shades of meaning. Understanding and Using Exceptions
Vocabulary: Familiarity with set expressions, idioms, ability to use them, phrasal verbs
Talk: Ability to express ideas and opinions with reasonable fluency and use of a variety of linguistic forms. The ability to communicate without difficulty on any ubiquitous topics in a language environment.
Listening: Recognizing different accents. Full understanding of oral speech by listening to it once.
Reading: Full understanding of the original texts. Understanding of different writing styles or genres.
Letter: Ability to express opinions and ideas clearly and accurately using a variety of language forms.
C2 Advanced.
Advanced level
Phonetics: Ability to speak without an accent.
Grammar: Using grammatical structures at an automatic level. Subordination of formal knowledge of grammar to the goals and objectives of the statement.
Vocabulary: Mastery of all the richness and variety of vocabulary, the ability to express shades of meaning using different lexical means.
Talk: Ability to competently and confidently express opinions and feelings and conduct conversations on any topic.
Listening: Understanding of all major varieties of spoken language.
Reading: Understanding and interpreting original texts.
Letter: Proficiency in different types of written speech messages.
International exams confirming the level of foreign language proficiency
In addition to the system of levels of foreign language proficiency, a system of international exams has been developed to confirm language proficiency at these levels.
KET (Key English Test) – level A2
PET (Preliminary English Test) – level B1
– level B2
CAE (Certificate in Advanced English) – level C1
– level C2
Similar exams were developed for children and adolescents and additional exams were added for levels A1-, A1, A1+ for younger students.
YEL (Young Learners English) Starters – level A1-
YEL (Young Learners English) Movers – level A1
YEL (Young Learners English) Flyers – level A1+
KET for school (Key English Test) – level A2
PET for school (Preliminary English Test) – level B1
– level B2
Regardless of whether you speak foreign languages or not, your resume will usually include this information. How to write language knowledge on a resume? You can use the following gradation, which is understandable to everyone:
- Basic/Beginner
- Reading with a dictionary/Reading professional literature
- Intermediate/Conversational/Can do interviews
- Free/Perfect
- Native
Some people use the terms "basic" and "colloquial" interchangeably. In our opinion, this is not entirely legal. Conversational - this means you can explain yourself on everyday topics. Basic is knowledge of the basics, the simplest constructions, and a limited vocabulary.
English proficiency levels
The following gradation is most often used to indicate the level of English language proficiency:
Elementary/Basic/Beginner- basic, with a dictionary, the basics of the language. In practice, most often, this means that you once studied English at school, you remember some common phrases, but in life you practically did not use English.
Pre-Intermediate- slightly higher than basic. You can express yourself in simple phrases, using facial expressions and gestures. You will understand what is written in the letter in English, but you will most likely be able to compose your own letter using a dictionary.
Intermediate- average level of English proficiency. Don't be afraid to speak English, build simple language structures. The vocabulary is small, but sufficient to explain things in a simple way. In the professional sphere, Intermediate means that you can compose a letter in English, will not be at a loss to speak in English, and can solve typical problems using English without going into subtleties.
Upper-Intermediate- confident level of English language proficiency. Usually this is the actual level of a graduate of the Faculty of Foreign Languages (although most graduates write that they have Advanced or Fluent). This level implies that you can express yourself freely and have a fairly rich vocabulary. But at the same time, you may not be fluent in professional terminology and may make minor mistakes in speech. For most jobs involving the use of English, the Upper-Intermediate level will be sufficient.
Advanced/Fluent- fluency in English. You can easily use both spoken and written English and can simultaneously translate from/to English. This is the level required for a translator position.
Another possible classification that you may come across (and it can be used for any language, not necessarily English):
- A1– Beginner/Elementary
- A2– Elementary
- IN 1– Pre-Intermediate
- AT 2– Upper-Intermediate
- C1– Advanced 1
- C2– Advanced 2 (Proficiency)
This is a unified European system, which is not very well known in Russia, but, nevertheless, is widely used in the world.
German language proficiency levels
For the German language the following accepted division can be used:
- Grundstufe (Anfänger) - entry level (A)
- Mittelstufe - intermediate level (B)
- Oberstufe (Fortgeschritten) - free, close to the wearer (C)
You can also use the above European classification (A1, A2, B1, etc.)
French proficiency levels
For the French language, you can also use the European classification, or use the gradation below (the correspondence of each level of the European classification is indicated.
- Debutant (F1) - A1
- Pré-Intermédiaire (F2) - A2
- Intermédiaire (F3) - B1
- Intermédiaire-Supérieur (F4) - B2
- Pre-Avancé (F5) - C1
- Avance (F6) - C1
- Superieur (F7) - C2
- Superieur (F8) - C2
Spanish language levels
For Spanish, the following classification is used (the level of level A, B, C is indicated):
- Nivel Initial (Espa 1) - A1
- Nivel Elemental (Espa 2) - A2
- Nivel Pre-Intermedio (Espa 3) - B1
- Nivel Intermedio (Espa 4) - B2
- Nivel Avanzado (Espa 5) - C1
- Nivel Superior (Espa 6) - C2
Or you can use the unified European classification.
If you have taken a standardized test of foreign language proficiency, be sure to indicate the scores you received on it. For English this is TOEFL(USA), IELTS(Great Britain). For German - DSH. For French - DELF, DALF. For Spanish - DELE.
How to write a resume: point by point details
An important point when searching for a job is a resume or CV (curriculum vitae) a short form of presentation of the basic personal and professional data of the applicant. This type of self-presentation has already become quite firmly entrenched in the Russian labor market, but, unfortunately, a well-written resume is still very rare.
When writing a resume, you must remember that your success in finding a job largely depends on how you present your professional experience in it. Resume is the document from which the employer receives the first information about the applicant for a vacancy and forms his opinion about him. Familiarization with a CV takes on average 2-3 minutes, so the information contained in it should be presented in such a way as to immediately attract attention. The resume should be printed on page 1, in a clear, easily readable font, preferably on a computer, but in no case written by hand. It is important to take into account that the employer will receive your resume by fax, and fax machines significantly degrade print quality, so the font should be at least 11.
A resume in English (or any other) language is prepared only if you are applying for a vacancy in a foreign company. You should send your resume to a Russian company or recruitment agency in Russian, because... it may reach a person who does not speak a foreign language, and at best it will be put aside, and at worst it will go straight to the trash bin.
An exception may be the resumes of specialists who are fluent in a foreign language, or for whom knowledge of the language is one of the selection criteria (believe me, a driver’s resume in English looks, at least, funny). But even in this case, it is better to duplicate the resume: one in Russian, one in English. This way, you can simultaneously demonstrate your knowledge of the language and respect for the person to whom your resume will reach.
Now let's take a closer look at the points that should be contained in a resume.
Personal data. Full name, age (preferably date of birth), marital status, address and telephone number.
Target. This paragraph usually states the vacancy for which the applicant is applying.
Education consists of two sections: basic (secondary, secondary specialized, higher, 2nd higher) and additional (internship courses, trainings, seminars, etc.). In both cases, it is necessary to indicate the name of the educational institution, faculty, specialty of the diploma (if we are talking about courses, then the specialization or name of the course is indicated).
experience. This contains information about previous jobs. It is more convenient for an employer or employee of a recruitment agency if they are arranged in descending order, i.e. starting from the last one. You indicate the month and year of employment and the month and year of dismissal, the name of the company, the field of activity of the organization and your position. Pay special attention to indicating the scope of activity of the company in which you worked. It is not enough to write “production” or “trade”. Be sure to disclose exactly what the company traded and what exactly the company produced. Do not use such general terms as “food” or “consumer goods”; try to specify as precisely as possible the group of goods or services with which you worked, because very often such narrow specificity is of fundamental importance for the employer.
Professional skills include a list of the knowledge and skills that you acquired in the course of your professional activities. This point is essential for those specialists who built their careers in one direction and specialized in one area. If your work experience in different organizations differs significantly from each other, it is more advisable not to separate it into a separate section, but to give a short list of the main functions for each place of work.
Foreign language skills. You indicate all foreign languages and the degree to which you speak them. Adhere to the following formulations: “perfectly” knowledge of the language at the native level, proficiency in simultaneous interpretation “fluent” proficiency in consecutive interpretation, the ability to communicate fluently in a foreign language within any subject. “good” the ability to correctly express one’s thoughts in a foreign language, as well as understand the interlocutor. “conversational” communication at the everyday level, the ability to understand simple speech, convey known information to the interlocutor. “basic” knowledge of the elementary fundamentals of the language, communication at the level of “How are you?”, “The weather is nice today,” the ability to understand simple text.
Computer skills contains information about your PC skills (user, advanced user, operator, programmer), as well as programs, environments, languages, databases with which you have worked.
Additional Information. Here you provide the information that you consider necessary to convey to the employer: availability of a driver’s license, personal car, international passport, the possibility of business trips. Here you can also include interests and hobbies and personal qualities; it is also permissible to highlight them in a separate paragraph.
A properly written resume should look something like this:
GORINA SVETLANA IGOREVNA
Personal details: Date of birth: April 28, 1970 Marital status: married, son born in 1994 Address and telephone: Moscow, st. Pechatnaya, 35, apt. 98, tel. 765-09-78
Goal: Applying for the position of secretary-assistant
Basic education: 1988-1993 Moscow State University, Faculty of Philology. Specialty: philologist, teacher of Russian and English languages.
Additional education 1995 (40 hours) Computer courses 1993 (2 months) City training center Specialty: secretary-typist
02.1997 - present CB "Alliance" (banking) Secretary-referent to the Chairman of the Board 1995 - 1997 JSC "Turtrans" (tour company) Secretary-assistant, deputy. General Director
1994 -1995 LLP "Lavalier" (exclusive furniture trade) Secretary-assistant
1993 - 1994 LLP "Bateks" (trade and service of refrigeration equipment) Secretary
Professional skills: Professional document management. Planning the leader's day. Organization of meetings and negotiations. Oral and written translation. Personnel records management. Typewriting - 250 beats/min. Mini-PBX, office equipment.
Computer: Windows User" 95, Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Corel Draw, QuarkXpress.
Foreign languages: English - fluent. German is spoken.
Additional information: Possession of a category B driver's license. Possession of a foreign passport.
Language levels for resumes
There are many vacancies and positions in which a foreign language is necessary and mandatory. English is required more often than usual, other languages less often.
To make your resume look professional, you need to correctly and correctly indicate your knowledge of foreign languages in your resume. To do this, I recommend using generally accepted international standards.
There are a few exceptions to this:
- If you don't know the language at all, don't write about it on your resume.
- If you know the language at an elementary level, you can write “basic knowledge.”
- If you are fluent in the language, you can write it like this: “fluent.” Additionally, you can indicate the level of knowledge in the international classification.
Job sites are misleading
In the process of writing a resume, I often have to look at resumes for different positions. I often see strange descriptions of knowledge of foreign languages.
Here I will give several ambiguous options for how to describe the degree of proficiency in a foreign language on a resume.
For example, this is what the website hh.ru suggests choosing in the English language column:
- I don't own it.
- Basic knowledge.
- I read professional literature.
- I can do the interview.
- Speak fluently.
The website rabota.ru offers you to choose your level of English proficiency from the following options:
In general, each site introduces its own scale, instead of using international standards. And people themselves sometimes describe their skills in flowery terms. This confuses both applicants and employers. Simply only for those who do not know the language at all or speak it fluently.