Denmark is a highly developed agricultural country and ranks first in the world in food production per capita. Almost 32% of its territory or 2.7 million hectares are cultivated lands. The nature of the soil in the country varies from dry sandstone to rich clay. In some regions there are fertile black soils. These circumstances determined the range of crops grown in different regions of the country.
Agriculture in Denmark is the most important sector of the economy. It is based on individual land ownership and the family farm. The total number of farms at the end of 2002 was 51.6 thousand, with an average farm size of 51 hectares (Table 2.1).
At the same time, 17.8 thousand farms are engaged in production all year round. They provide 80% of the total production of pork, young meat and crop products in the country. The remaining 33.8 thousand farms are engaged in production seasonally.
Danish agriculture currently meets the food needs of more than 15 million people. Therefore, two thirds of the products produced in the country are exported. Denmark is the world's largest exporter of fodder seeds and livestock products. Almost 80% of dairy products and 75% of pig products are exported to more than 180 countries, including Japan and the USA.
According to the Agricultural Council of Denmark, at the beginning of 2002, about 92 thousand people, or less than 5% of the country's working population, were employed in agriculture. In total, about 200 thousand people work in the agro-industrial sector, including those involved in the primary processing of agricultural products, their transportation and storage. The average age of a farmer starting farming is 32.5 years. The average age of a farmer in general is 52 years. There are about 13 thousand male hired workers in agriculture. If the enterprise employs at least one hired worker, the farm is considered large.
Danish farmers produce grain crops - wheat, barley, rye, oats (Table 2.2).
Rapeseed is grown from oilseed crops. Significant areas are occupied by sugar beets and potatoes. Forage crops include perennial legumes and cereal grasses, winter cereals, rapeseed, fodder beets and corn for silage. Due to the lack of sum of active temperatures, soybeans and sunflowers are not grown in Denmark.
In the livestock sector, pig breeding, milk production, cattle fattening and mink breeding are developed (Table 2.3).
To a lesser extent they produce poultry products (broiler meat and eggs). Separate farms raise sheep and horses. The main branches of agriculture in Denmark are the production of grain, milk and pigs.
At the end of 2003, Danish farmers produced (indicators for past years are presented in Tables 2.4 and 2.5) 9.1 million tons of grain with an average yield of 63 centners per hectare, 4.7 million tons of milk with an average milk yield per cow 8140 liters. Total meat production in 2002 was 2.3 million tons. On the country's pig farms, where an average of about 12 million pigs are kept, up to 25 million heads are raised, fattened and sent for slaughter annually, with a delivery weight of each of them being 100 kg. It takes 1.3 s to produce one pig, and 1.0 s to produce one piglet.
According to Eurostat data for 2002, 134 million chickens were raised and fed for meat in Denmark. Poultry meat production, including the production of turkey, duck and goose meat, amounted to 220 thousand tons. The number of laying hens is 3.7 million, and egg production is more than one billion per year. 12.2 million minks have been raised and slaughtered, which provide valuable fur.
Almost three quarters (73 percent) of the total income of Danish farmers comes from livestock farming, 27 percent comes from the sale of crop products.
The farming system is based on optimal crop rotations with a predominance of grain and fodder crops. About 60% of agricultural areas are occupied by grain crops, the main one of which is barley (65% of grains). In addition, winter and spring wheat, as well as oats and rye are grown.
In addition to grain, corn, fodder beets, and various grasses are also grown as fodder crops. In Denmark, seed production of cereal grasses is highly developed. The grown seeds are used not only within the country, but also exported.
The farm's crop rotation alternates cereal grains with rapeseed, corn for silage, winter crops for green fodder and sugar beets.
Traditional soil cultivation is plowing using a plow to turn over the soil and carefully incorporate crop residues. Leveling plowing in the fall is widely used to conserve moisture and reduce the time required for spring field work.
About 3,500 farms use surface tillage on an area of 146 thousand hectares. It is called “ecological agriculture” and is characterized by the fact that crop residues are crushed and left on the surface of the field. Tillage is superficial or absent altogether. At the same time, crops are sowed using zero technology. This treatment is carried out on soils subject to water or wind erosion.
In agriculture, organic and mineral fertilizers are used under the strict control of services responsible for environmental protection.
Due to the intensive development of livestock farming, the use of mineral fertilizers is being reduced. Currently, they add 168 kg of active substance per 1 hectare of arable land, incl. nitrogen no more than 80 kg a.i. per hectare This is due to high doses (up to 100t/ha) of manure applied to the soil, the production of which in the country in its native form (feces + urine) is over 40 million tons per year.
A study of the processes occurring in Danish agriculture shows that currently the prevailing trend is polarization of farm sizes, characterized by the following data. 4.7% of reproductive farms with 500 or more sows contain 21% of the total number of sows. On 4.7% of fattening farms with 5,000 or more heads, more than 30% of the total pig population is fed. 41% of farms with 50 or fewer sows contain 3.6% sows. 40.9% of farms feeding 200 or fewer heads contain 2% of fattened pigs. In 2010, the total number of pork production farms will be 7,800, and in 2015 - about five thousand.
Danish analysts believe that by 2015 the total number of farms producing milk and pork will be about 10 thousand, while maintaining the current volume of milk production - 4.7 million tons per year and pork - 1.9 million tons per year.
The next trend is the specialization of farms. If 30 years ago every farm contained cows, horses, pigs, and poultry, today farmers produce one type of product: milk, pigs, and poultry, achieving outstanding results (Fig. 2.1...2.2).
As can be seen from the graph presented in Fig. 2.1, and, over 10 years, from 1992 to 2002, the yield of piglets per sow steadily increased and amounted to 24 piglets/year in 2002. Thus, the yield of piglets increased by 17%. At the same time, the growth rate and absolute indicators of pork production in Denmark are higher than in the four most developed countries: Holland, Germany, France and Canada (Fig. 2.1b).
The average daily increase in live weight of fattening pigs in Denmark is also higher than in the above countries (Fig. 2.1, c). It amounted to 868 g/day in 2002, which is 68 g/day. more than in 2000.
Milk yields in the country's farms are also steadily increasing (Fig. 2.2).
As the graph shown in Fig. 2.2, over 10 years, from 1992 to 2002, the milk yield from each cow constantly increased and amounted to 8.0 tons in 2002. Thus, the increase in cow productivity was 17.6%.
Danish experts explain the significant growth rate of animal productivity by the high level of education of a typical farmer, which is one of the highest in the world; the use of advanced technologies, as well as the ever-increasing contribution of science to agricultural production (Fig. 2.3).
From the one shown in Fig. 2.3 of the graph shows that the share of costs for research work related to increasing the efficiency of agricultural production amounted to 12.2% in 2001. This is significantly higher than in the most developed countries - Holland, Germany, France, Japan and the EU as a whole.
The most important trend is to increase environmental safety by complying with the “harmony requirements”, i.e. correspondence between the number of livestock on the farm and the area of land owned by one farmer. As a rule, it is not allowed for the number of animals on a farm to exceed 500 animals. One cow, or three sows, or 30 fattening pigs are taken as one animal unit.
A steady trend is a reduction in the area of arable land, which is due to the complexity of the agricultural landscape and the ruggedness of the territory by rivers, lakes, and ravines. The flat surface is subject to winds whose speed reaches 20...25 m/s. These factors cause soil erosion and deflation. In this regard, in accordance with Danish legislation, winter crops must make up 65% of the crop rotation in the cropping structure to reliably protect the soil from the destructive effects of external factors. For the same purpose, arable land taken out of production is used to plant forests and forest strips in wind-hazardous directions.
Economy of Denmark
Advantages: low inflation (2.4%) and unemployment (5%). Large surplus in the balance of payments ($4.14 billion in 2004). Gas and oil reserves. Strong and profitable high-tech production. Highly qualified workforce.
Weaknesses: high taxes. Decreasing competitiveness due to high salaries and a strong crown.
Denmark is an industrial-agrarian country with a high level of development. The share of industry in national income is more than 40%. The country ranks first in the world in terms of foreign trade turnover per capita.
Main export goods: mechanical engineering products, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, medicines, furniture.
Leading industries: metalworking, mechanical engineering (especially electrical and radio-electronic), food, chemical, pulp and paper, textile. In agriculture, the leading role belongs to meat and dairy farming.
Denmark is poor in mineral resources and therefore depends on the external market. However, in terms of energy resources, Denmark is completely self-sufficient. In recent years, oil has been discovered offshore in the North Sea and in southern Jutland.
Currently, 68% of Denmark's GNP comes from foreign trade. Denmark's main partners are Germany, Sweden, Great Britain, Norway, the Netherlands, France, the USA, and in the Asia-Pacific region - Japan and China. Germany remains Denmark's main export market - 22% of all Danish exports.
The share of exports in the country's GDP is 36%. Export growth rates are quite stable. Denmark's main exports: agricultural products (meat, dairy products), fish and seafood, transport services (Denmark has the most advanced fleet that sails around the world), energy and energy resources, furniture, clothing, shoes. International experts believe that the Danish economy will continue to develop evenly, GDP growth is expected to be about 2.7%, and foreign trade turnover will increase.
Industry. Opportunities for industrial development were much more limited in Denmark than in any other Nordic country. Unlike Sweden and Norway, Denmark does not have large rivers or significant hydropower reserves. Oil and gas reserves in the Danish sector of the North Sea are smaller than in the Norwegian and British ones. Forests occupy less than 10% of the country's area. Denmark's industrial structure is based on its agricultural products, its limestone and clay resources and its wide range of imported raw materials. An important factor is the availability of qualified labor.
Two other important industrial sectors in Denmark are agricultural machinery (beet harvesters, milking units, etc.) and the production of electrical goods (from cables to televisions and refrigerators). Denmark has entered the international market, specializing in certain types of goods. The cement industry stands out here, which arose on the basis of limestone deposits in the Aalborg region. Another type of mineral resource in Denmark, clay, is used as a raw material for the production of bricks and tiles.
Energy. In 1966, oil and natural gas reserves were discovered in the Danish sector of the North Sea. Operation began in 1972.
Denmark still imports significant amounts of coal for electricity production, but thanks to rising oil and gas exports, alternative energy production and energy conservation policies, the country is almost entirely self-sufficient in electricity. Oil and gas reserves in the Danish sector of the North Sea are very modest on a global scale.
There are almost 3 thousand windmills in Denmark, scattered throughout the country. Moreover, an extensive network of combined power plants ensures high energy efficiency.
The leading branches of Danish industry are metalworking, mechanical engineering and instrument making. About 34% of the total industrial production is created here. An important place is occupied by the food industry - 26%, the chemical industry - 16.5%, the pulp and paper and printing industry - 8.5%, as well as the woodworking and furniture industry - 7.8%. All these industries have a steady tendency to increase production and exports of their products. After several years of stagnation, there has been a rise in the textile and clothing industry. Currently, these industries provide about 3.5% of total industrial production.
The most dynamically developing industries, such as furniture, pharmaceuticals, medical, environmental and wind energy equipment, as well as the agro-industrial complex (production of pork and beef, butter, cheese and milk powder) have a good chance of continued growth. In industry and agriculture, there will be an even stronger emphasis on the priority of environmentally friendly technologies.
Food industry
Denmark specializes in agricultural products. The supply of meat and meat products, fish and seafood, as well as eggs and dairy products is of great importance. Denmark is the world's largest exporter of bacon (70% of world exports), second in the export of canned meat (21%), fourth in butter (12%), cheese (10%) and fish export (7%)6. The main markets are countries such as England, USA, Sweden, Germany, France. Denmark's competitors in the agricultural products market are Holland, New Zealand, Switzerland, France, Iceland, and Germany. It was possible to maintain the position of food exports thanks to the organization of scientific research and product improvement. This created conditions for the emergence of new products and improvement of the quality of old ones (the development of the Danish breed of bacon pork). The main reason for the stability of the level of agricultural exports is the development of specialization. The successful industries that emerged after the Second World War specialize largely in production that meets the needs of agriculture. Bacon factories, dairy factories, corn processing plants and breweries are important entities in the food sector - the food, tobacco and beer-soft drink industries.
Danish agriculture is a key sector of the country's economy and agricultural exports have traditionally contributed a significant share of foreign exchange earnings to Denmark's trade balance. More than two thirds of the country's agricultural products are exported. Moreover, Denmark can hardly be classified as a country with too comfortable natural conditions for farming. Agricultural production in Denmark is characterized by a high level of technology and agricultural technology, which is achieved through the systematic application of the most advanced developments in this area, a high degree of mechanization and automation of work. In Danish agriculture there is a process of concentration of production and consolidation of farms. Environmentally friendly technologies in Danish agriculture are being successfully introduced not only under administrative pressure, but also because they have become economically beneficial for the farmers themselves. The state and cooperative associations finance the latest scientific developments in this direction, which not only eliminates environmental pollution, but also leads to an increase in the production of environmentally friendly products and increases the competitiveness of Danish agriculture. In the country's agro-industrial complex there are about 300 cooperative societies, unions, enterprises and associations formed by farmers at the national, regional and local levels.
Animal husbandry. It is the largest and most efficient agricultural sector in Denmark. Livestock production accounts for approximately three-quarters of total farm income.
The high efficiency of Danish livestock farming is due to the use of scientifically based systems for keeping farm animals, as well as the almost universal high level of mechanization and automation in all areas of production and processing. The food supply is completely balanced. Moreover, even straw processed in an appropriate way is widely used as roughage. Denmark is a major producer of butter. Denmark ranks 8th in the world in pork production. Denmark is the fourth largest exporter of cheese in the world.
Fish processing. Denmark ranks second in terms of fish catch among EU countries after England and is among the top ten largest fish processing countries in the world, ranking third in the world in fish exports. Denmark has significant experience in the field of fisheries and has a rich tradition in the field of fish processing with a high level of mechanization and automation of all production processes. Large fishing ports of Esbjerg and Hirtshal were built. Due to increased competition in recent years, the Danish fishing industry has found itself in a difficult economic situation. The matter is aggravated by the establishment by some states (in particular, Iceland) of their jurisdiction over some traditional fishing areas.
Energy
Denmark is the third largest oil producer in Western Europe after Norway and the UK; Together with gas production, the oil industry is an important reason for the positive balance of payments that has existed in Denmark since the early 90s. Denmark's energy production relies mainly on imports of coal, oil and natural gas from Denmark's North Sea region, as well as wind power. In the Danish North Sea region, oil and natural gas are produced in larger quantities than needed for domestic consumption. Oil and gas are transported onshore and transported or exported through gas and oil pipelines. Gas is exported to Sweden and Germany, while excess oil is mainly sold on the open market.
Denmark's mining industry is concentrated around the Danish sector of the North Sea shelf. Natural gas is exported - about 3 billion cubic meters. meters (Sweden and Germany) and a small part of crude oil.
Oil and gas exploration is underway in the southeast of the Faroe Islands. The waters of the economic zone of Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands are rich in fish resources. Despite the presence of its own hydrocarbon reserves, petroleum products, almost 12 million tons of hard coal, brown coal and lignite briquettes are imported into Denmark. Straw, waste from the forestry and woodworking industries, wind and solar energy are widely used for energy purposes. In order to reduce energy losses in energy-intensive industries and thermal power plants, modern energy recovery technologies are widely used. The country's legislation prohibits the use of nuclear energy. Denmark has achieved its most significant successes in wind and bioenergy. In the field of wind energy, both in its practical use and in the production of related equipment, Denmark, along with the United States, occupies a leading position in the world. Work is being carried out widely on the use of solar energy. Separate samples of devices for converting solar energy into electrical energy have already entered the market.
Mechanical engineering industry produces motors, agricultural machinery, pumps, thermostats, refrigerators, telecommunications equipment and ships . Power engineering. The main direction of development of Danish power engineering is the production of units for alternative energy, which is supported by the state. At the same time, Denmark has accumulated extensive experience in the design and operation of thermal power plants running on coal and gas. However, quite quickly Denmark took one of the leading places in the world in the production of refrigeration equipment for the food industry, equipment for the brewing and sugar industries, for the processing of milk, meat and fish, as well as for the flour-grinding, baking and confectionery industries and other sub-sectors. Danish mechanical engineering in general, and mechanical engineering for the food industry in particular, is characterized by the existence, along with large enterprises that play a decisive role in the world market in their sector, of a mass of small firms producing one or two products, complementing and improving the capabilities of existing high-performance lines and productions . Firms specializing in custom manufacturing of small productions, including on a flexible technological basis, also operate successfully.
Shipbuilding
Denmark is one of the few countries that is engaged in maritime shipbuilding. High production costs make it difficult to attract foreign customers. In the context of increased competition in the global shipbuilding market, the main customers for Danish shipyards are currently Danish shipping companies.
Danish shipyards build offshore standard vessels, namely universal cargo container ships, chemical tankers with stainless cargo tanks and double hulls. Experimental work is being carried out on the construction of specialized vessels - cement carriers, passenger and car ferries, transport ships and tugs.
Lesprom
In Denmark, 11% of the territory is occupied by forests, 2/3 of which are privately owned. Almost all of this is forest planting done over the past 200 years. In Denmark, only a small number of wood processing companies have large specialized plants for the production of windows, doors, flooring and ceiling panels. One of the most developed industries in Denmark is furniture.
Denmark's natural resources are limited to agricultural land, clay, stone, chalk, lime, peat and lignite. The economy is heavily dependent on international trade. Two thirds of the land is devoted to agricultural needs. This industry produces enough food to feed 3 Denmark. Industrial exports account for about 75% of total exports, while agricultural exports account for 15%.
Land ownership and property
Most farmers own land, 91% own land by inheritance, 7% work on farms, and the rest work on farms owned by the state, local government or foundations.
Private cottages, as a rule, are fenced - this is how the boundaries of private property are set. Neighbors discuss with each other which areas outside their fences need to be cleared of snow and other household issues.
Commerce, major industries
Major products that are produced in Denmark include food and beverages, textiles, paper, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, glass, ceramics, bricks, cement, concrete, marine engines, compressors, agricultural and forestry machinery, computers, electric motors, radios. , and communications equipment, ships, boats, furniture and toys. Agricultural products include beef, pork, poultry, milk and eggs.
The main industries in Denmark are food processing, furniture, diesel engine production and electrical engineering. Agriculture produces dairy products, pork, beef and barley. Fishing enterprises sell salmon, cod, flounder, crustaceans and molluscs, mackerel, sprat, eel, lobster and shrimp.
Trade in Denmark
The main groups of goods entering the international market include products of animal origin (cattle, beef and veal, pork, poultry, butter, cheese and eggs), plant products (grains, seeds, fruits, flowers, plants, vegetables), and fish, furs, fuel, lubricants and electricity. Industrial export products - machines and tools, medicines and pharmaceuticals, chemicals, furniture, textiles, clothing. Imports are slightly behind exports in volume.
Imports cars, fuel, consumer goods (food, clothing, electronics, etc.), as well as raw materials for further industrial processing. Main trading partners:
Denmark
Denmark:
Denmark, one of the oldest states in Northern Europe, occupies an important key position at the crossroads of busy trade routes from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea, on the one hand, and between Central Europe and the Scandinavian Peninsula, on the other. The historical core of the Danish state is most of the Jutland Peninsula with adjacent islands, the Danish archipelago (the islands of Zealand or Sjælland, Funen, Lolland, etc.) and the island of Bornholm. All these territories are united in official documents under the name “Denmark proper”.
In addition, Denmark includes the Farrier Islands and Greenland, which enjoy internal self-government.
The capital of the state is the city of Copenhagen.
The area of Denmark proper is about 43 thousand square meters. km, and its population is 5.12 million people. This is one of the small European countries. In size it is significantly inferior to the neighboring states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, being 10 times smaller than Switzerland and 7.5 times smaller than Norway.
Denmark's 68 km long land border with Germany crosses the Jutland Peninsula in its narrowest part and is not connected to major natural boundaries. The remaining borders of this country are by sea. In the west, the coast is washed by the North Sea, in the north - the Skagerrak Strait, in the east - the Kattegat and Öresund (Sund) straits, in the southeast - the Baltic Sea. The smallest width of the Øresund (eastern strait) is only 4 km, and in good weather you can see the Swedish coast from the Danish coast.
Being on the Danish peninsula, you cannot be more than 52 km from the sea. The total length of the coastline is 7300 km, half of this length is made up of islands (which occupy 2/5 of the country's area); There are about 500 islands in total (400 do not have a permanent population), most of them are concentrated in the east of the country, at the entrance to the Baltic Sea, and are united in the Danish archipelago.
Climate and geographical location:
Denmark's climate is determined by its geographical location. Throughout the year, air currents from temperate and tropical latitudes of the Atlantic predominate, bringing large amounts of heat and moisture. Oceanic influence evens out the annual course of temperature and precipitation. Summer in Denmark is never particularly hot, and winter is characterized by mild, stable weather. Transition seasons are usually long.
The influence of the ocean is most pronounced in winter. The average temperature of the coldest month - February - is around "0" degrees Celsius, the average temperature in July is about 15 - 16 degrees. In summer, the oceanic climate is less pronounced (anticyclones from Scandinavia and the Baltic). The average annual precipitation varies around 800 mm. Precipitation falls mainly in autumn and winter with small amounts in spring and early summer. Snowfalls are rare, and the snow that falls immediately melts.
The long duration of the thermal season favors the cultivation of late-ripening varieties of wheat, gray bread, vegetables and potatoes, sugar beets, and fruit plants.
Denmark is covered with a dense network of small rivers with slight slopes and slow, calm flows. The rivers are mainly fed by rainwater and, to a lesser extent, by groundwater. There are very few navigable rivers. Even on the largest river, Gudeno, only tourist boats sail.
This country is characterized by winter floods, when the bulk of precipitation falls.
The country's water consumption is so high that groundwater levels have dropped in some areas; In some places, groundwater salinity has increased.
Population:
The population is very homogeneous in ethnic composition. 98% are Danish. In terms of language and culture, they have many common features with the Norwegians and Swedes, as well as with the Icelanders and Farriers, forming together with them a single group of Scandinavian peoples. As part of this group, the Danes early emerged as an independent nation. Among the Scandinavian languages, Danish is second only to Swedish in distribution. There are slightly more women than men in the Danish population (50.3 and 49.7%). The ratio of urban and rural population is approximately 1/4.
Denmark's highly developed agriculture industry makes extensive use of male labor, and male migration to cities is low, unlike in a number of other Western countries. Denmark is a densely populated country. In terms of population density, it is ahead of other Northern European countries. The Danish archipelago is the most densely populated, where 2/3 of all the country's inhabitants are concentrated.
Denmark is a state with a government system based on a constitutional monarchy. According to the constitution, the head of state is the monarch, who exercises legislative power together with a unicameral parliament (Folketing); executive power belongs to the king and is exercised on his behalf by the government (council of ministers). The Danish Parliament is elected for a term of 4 years.
Administrative territorial division - 14 autonomies.
The monetary unit of Denmark is the Danish krone.
Economic situation:
Denmark has developed a complex of industries specializing in the processing of agricultural products. In addition to mechanical engineering, which specializes in the production of equipment for agriculture and fishing, leading industries include the chemical electrical industry, as well as precision engineering. Currently, Denmark is an industrial-agrarian country with a high level of capitalist development. It actively participates in international economic relations, acting primarily as an exporter of engineering products and food, especially meat and dairy products. The economy is characterized by a high level of concentration and centralization of capital and production. Almost 3/4 of the capital is concentrated in the three largest banks: Copenhagen Commercial, Agricultural and Private. Large monopolistic associations account for 4/5 of the country's total industrial output. More than 30% of Danish companies are under the influence of foreign monopolies - American, West German, and Swedish. However, simultaneously with the import of capital, its export is growing rapidly.
The industrial structure of Denmark is dominated by industries that are closely connected with the foreign market - with the import of raw materials and semi-finished products and the export of finished products.
In fact, many industries developed with export in mind; These include, for example, metalworking, mechanical engineering, meat and dairy industries. Some light industries operating for the domestic market also supply large volumes of export products: shoes, fabrics, furniture, etc.
For the period 1970-2016. Danish agriculture at current prices increased by $1.7 billion (3.1 times) to $2.5 billion; the change was $0.12 billion due to population growth of $0.78 million, as well as $1.5 billion due to per capita agriculture growth of $270.8. The average annual growth of agriculture in Denmark amounted to 0.036 billion dollars or 2.5%. The average annual growth of Danish agriculture in constant prices was 2.6%. The world share decreased by 0.18%. The share in Europe increased by 0.18%. The minimum in agriculture was in 1970 ($0.79 billion). The maximum in agriculture was in 2012 ($5.4 billion).
During 1970-2016 Agriculture per capita in Denmark increased by $270.8 (2.7 times) to $430.3. The average annual growth in agriculture per capita at current prices was $5.9 or 2.2%.
Agriculture in Denmark, 1970
Agriculture in Denmark in 1970 it was equal to 0.79 billion dollars, ranked 55th in the world and was at the level of agriculture in the Congo (0.81 billion dollars), agriculture in Kenya (0.80 billion dollars), agriculture in Venezuela (0.80 billion dollars .), agriculture in New Zealand ($0.77 billion), agriculture in Ecuador ($0.74 billion). The share of Danish agriculture in the world was 0.25%.
In 1970, it was equal to 159.5 dollars, ranked 20th in the world and was at the level of agriculture per capita in Norway (168.6 dollars), agriculture per capita in Canada (168.2 dollars), agriculture per capita in Italy (168.1 dollars), agriculture per capita in Greece ($166.9), agriculture per capita in Palau ($161.7), agriculture per capita in Ghana ($157.5), agriculture per capita in New Caledonia ($154.5 ), agriculture per capita in Greenland ($154.0), agriculture per capita in Cyprus ($150.1). Agriculture per capita in Denmark was greater than agriculture per capita in the world ($83.8) by $75.7.
Comparison of Danish agriculture and its neighbors in 1970. Agriculture in Denmark was smaller than agriculture in Germany ($6.1 billion) by 87%, and agriculture in Sweden ($1.9 billion) by 58.3%. Agriculture per capita in Denmark was 2.1 times greater than agriculture per capita in Germany ($77.3) but was less than agriculture per capita in Sweden ($233.9) by 31.8%.
Comparison of Danish agriculture and leaders in 1970. Danish agriculture was less than USSR agriculture ($70.8 billion) by 98.9%, Chinese agriculture ($32.5 billion) by 97.6%, US agriculture, Indian agriculture ($25.1 billion) by 96.9 %, Japanese agriculture ($11.8 billion) by 93.3%. Agriculture per capita in Denmark was greater than agriculture per capita in the US ($119.9) by 33%, agriculture per capita in Japan ($112.2) by 42.1%, agriculture per capita in India ($45.5). dollars) by 3.5 times, agriculture per capita in China ($39.5) by 4.0 times, but was less than agriculture per capita in the USSR ($292.0) by 45.4%.
Danish agricultural potential in 1970. With an agriculture per capita indicator at the same level as agriculture per capita in the USSR ($292.0), Denmark's agriculture would be $1.4 billion, which is 83.1% more than the actual level. With per capita agriculture at the same level as Sweden's best neighbor ($233.9), Denmark's agriculture would be $1.2 billion, 46.7% higher than its actual level. With per capita agriculture at the same level as Europe's per capita ($183.0), Denmark's agricultural output would be $0.90 billion, 14.7% higher than the actual level.
Danish Agriculture, 2016
Agriculture in Denmark in 2016 it was equal to 2.5 billion dollars, ranked 99th in the world and was at the level of agriculture in Serbia (2.5 billion dollars), agriculture in Rwanda (2.5 billion dollars), agriculture in Mozambique (2.5 billion dollars) .), agriculture in Albania ($2.4 billion). The share of Danish agriculture in the world was 0.078%.
Agriculture per capita in Denmark in 2016 it was equal to 430.3 dollars, ranked 75th in the world and was at the level of agriculture per capita in Bhutan (458.3 dollars), agriculture per capita in Nigeria (456.6 dollars), agriculture per capita in Israel (453.1 dollars), agriculture per capita in Mongolia ($449.7), agriculture per capita in New Caledonia ($449.2), agriculture per capita in Samoa ($443.0), agriculture per capita in Lithuania ($439.3 ), agriculture per capita in Belize ($435.6), agriculture per capita in Guatemala ($433.3), agriculture per capita in Palau ($432.8), agriculture per capita in Cyprus ($429.9), agriculture per capita in El Salvador ($427.7), agriculture per capita in Peru ($422.5), agriculture per capita in Japan ($414.6), agriculture per capita in Croatia ($414.5), agriculture per capita in the Czech Republic ($406.1), agriculture per capita in Slovenia ($404.8), agriculture per capita in Laos ($403.0). Agriculture per capita in Denmark was greater than agriculture per capita in the world ($422.2) by $8.1.
Comparison of Danish agriculture and its neighbors in 2016. Agriculture in Denmark was smaller than agriculture in Germany ($19.2 billion) by 87.2%, and agriculture in Sweden ($5.9 billion) by 58.4%. Agriculture per capita in Denmark was greater than agriculture per capita in Germany ($234.9) by 83.2%, but was less than agriculture per capita in Sweden ($600.6) by 28.4%.
Comparison of Danish agriculture and leaders in 2016. Denmark's agriculture was smaller than China's agriculture ($992.8 billion) by 99.8%, India's agriculture ($353.0 billion) by 99.3%, US agriculture ($177.6 billion) by 98.6%, agriculture Indonesia's economy ($125.4 billion) by 98%, Nigeria's agriculture ($84.9 billion) by 97.1%. Agriculture per capita in Denmark was greater than agriculture per capita in India ($266.5) by 61.4%, but was less than agriculture per capita in China ($707.3) by 39.2%, agriculture per capita population in the USA ($551.2) by 21.9%, agriculture per capita in Indonesia ($480.2) by 10.4%, agriculture per capita in Nigeria ($456.6) by 5.8%.
Danish agricultural potential in 2016. With per capita agriculture at the same level as China's per capita ($707.3), Denmark's agricultural output would be $4.0 billion, 64.4% higher than the actual level. With per capita agriculture at the same level as Sweden's best neighbor ($600.6), Denmark's agriculture would be $3.4 billion, 39.6% higher than its actual level.
| year | agriculture per capita, dollars | agriculture, billion dollars | agricultural growth, % | share of agriculture in the economy, % | Denmark's share, % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current prices | constant prices 1970 | in the world | in Europe | in Northern Europe | ||||
| 1970 | 0.79 | 159.5 | 0.79 | 5.2 | 0.25 | 0.61 | 9.7 | |
| 1971 | 0.87 | 175.3 | 0.93 | 18.8 | 5.2 | 0.27 | 0.65 | 9.5 |
| 1972 | 1.1 | 222.8 | 0.96 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 0.31 | 0.75 | 10.7 |
| 1973 | 1.6 | 323.2 | 0.91 | -5.8 | 5.9 | 0.35 | 0.86 | 12.9 |
| 1974 | 1.8 | 349.4 | 1.1 | 16.6 | 5.8 | 0.35 | 0.96 | 12.0 |
| 1975 | 1.8 | 352.9 | 1.0 | -5.2 | 4.9 | 0.34 | 0.91 | 10.4 |
| 1976 | 1.9 | 377.0 | 0.89 | -11.6 | 4.8 | 0.35 | 0.95 | 10.9 |
| 1977 | 2.3 | 455.5 | 1.0 | 15.5 | 5.3 | 0.38 | 1.1 | 12.3 |
| 1978 | 2.8 | 556.3 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 0.41 | 1.1 | 13.4 |
| 1979 | 2.8 | 546.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 0.36 | 1.0 | 11.9 |
| 1980 | 2.9 | 565.6 | 1.1 | 0.67 | 4.7 | 0.35 | 1.1 | 10.6 |
| 1981 | 2.7 | 522.7 | 1.2 | 9.8 | 5.0 | 0.32 | 1.1 | 10.8 |
| 1982 | 2.8 | 548.6 | 1.3 | 8.8 | 5.3 | 0.34 | 1.0 | 11.8 |
| 1983 | 2.4 | 477.5 | 1.2 | -6.5 | 4.7 | 0.28 | 0.82 | 11.3 |
| 1984 | 2.8 | 537.6 | 1.5 | 21.3 | 5.4 | 0.31 | 0.98 | 12.9 |
| 1985 | 2.6 | 517.0 | 1.4 | -1.3 | 4.9 | 0.31 | 0.98 | 12.4 |
| 1986 | 3.4 | 667.7 | 1.4 | -0.75 | 4.6 | 0.39 | 1.1 | 12.6 |
| 1987 | 3.8 | 738.0 | 1.3 | -9.6 | 4.0 | 0.41 | 1.2 | 11.9 |
| 1988 | 3.7 | 713.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 0.35 | 1.1 | 10.2 |
| 1989 | 3.9 | 767.2 | 1.5 | 14.2 | 4.1 | 0.37 | 1.1 | 10.5 |
| 1990 | 4.5 | 884.0 | 1.6 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 0.40 | 1.2 | 9.4 |
| 1991 | 4.2 | 818.3 | 1.6 | -1.3 | 3.5 | 0.38 | 1.3 | 9.5 |
| 1992 | 4.3 | 825.5 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 0.40 | 1.5 | 10.2 |
| 1993 | 3.9 | 742.7 | 2.0 | 24.3 | 3.1 | 0.37 | 1.5 | 10.8 |
| 1994 | 4.1 | 779.4 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 0.37 | 1.6 | 10.7 |
| 1995 | 5.3 | 1 008.3 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 0.45 | 1.9 | 12.0 |
| 1996 | 5.2 | 997.2 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 0.42 | 1.9 | 12.6 |
| 1997 | 4.6 | 867.1 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 0.38 | 1.8 | 11.8 |
| 1998 | 3.8 | 716.1 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 0.33 | 1.6 | 10.4 |
| 1999 | 3.5 | 649.1 | 2.3 | -1.2 | 2.3 | 0.31 | 1.6 | 10.1 |
| 2000 | 3.5 | 661.3 | 2.5 | 7.1 | 2.5 | 0.32 | 1.7 | 11.0 |
| 2001 | 3.9 | 719.5 | 2.6 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 0.35 | 1.8 | 12.7 |
| 2002 | 3.2 | 592.2 | 2.5 | -4.8 | 2.1 | 0.28 | 1.5 | 10.1 |
| 2003 | 3.5 | 652.1 | 2.5 | 0.13 | 1.9 | 0.28 | 1.4 | 9.6 |
| 2004 | 4.1 | 754.9 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 0.28 | 1.4 | 9.5 |
| 2005 | 3.0 | 558.8 | 2.4 | -6.2 | 1.3 | 0.20 | 1.1 | 8.5 |
| 2006 | 3.3 | 605.4 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 0.20 | 1.1 | 8.7 |
| 2007 | 3.8 | 685.8 | 2.6 | 6.4 | 1.4 | 0.19 | 1.1 | 8.2 |
| 2008 | 3.0 | 551.3 | 2.0 | -24.6 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 0.79 | 6.5 |
| 2009 | 2.7 | 484.6 | 1.9 | -3.4 | 0.97 | 0.12 | 0.86 | 7.4 |
| 2010 | 3.9 | 696.7 | 2.5 | 30.2 | 1.4 | 0.15 | 1.2 | 8.6 |
| 2011 | 4.5 | 808.5 | 2.2 | -10.7 | 1.5 | 0.15 | 1.2 | 9.2 |
| 2012 | 5.4 | 964.8 | 2.5 | 11.4 | 1.9 | 0.18 | 1.5 | 11.5 |
| 2013 | 4.5 | 793.6 | 2.4 | -4.6 | 1.5 | 0.14 | 1.1 | 8.9 |
| 2014 | 4.9 | 861.6 | 2.8 | 17.1 | 1.6 | 0.15 | 1.3 | 9.3 |
| 2015 | 2.4 | 425.2 | 2.6 | -8.0 | 0.93 | 0.076 | 0.76 | 5.6 |
| 2016 | 2.5 | 430.3 | 2.5 | -1.2 | 0.92 | 0.078 | 0.79 | 5.8 |